Form of Underwriting Agreement

EX-1.1 2 s106789_ex1-1.htm EXHIBIT 1.1

Exhibit 1.1

[*] Shares

SPHERIX INCORPORATED

Common Stock

UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT

[*], 2017

Laidlaw & Company (UK) Ltd.

546 Fifth Avenue, 5^th Floor

New York, NY 10036

As Representative of the Several Underwriters named on Schedule A annexed hereto

Ladies and Gentlemen:

1. Introductory. Spherix Incorporated, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), agrees with Laidlaw & Company (UK) Ltd. (the “Representative”) and the several Underwriters named in Schedule A hereto (the “Underwriters”) to issue and sell to the several Underwriters [*] shares (the “Firm Securities”) of its common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), and also proposes to issue and sell to the Underwriters, at the option of the Underwriters, an aggregate of not more than [*] additional shares (the “Optional Securities”) of its Common Stock as set forth below. The Firm Securities and the Optional Securities are herein collectively called the “Offered Securities” and shares of Common Stock are herein called the “Shares.”

2. Representations and Warranties of the Company. The Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with, the several Underwriters that:

(a) Filing and Effectiveness of Registration Statement; Certain Defined Terms. The Company has prepared and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and the published rules and regulations thereunder (the “Rules and Regulations”) adopted by the Commission, a Registration Statement (as hereinafter defined) on Form S-1 (No. 333-218216), including a Preliminary Prospectus (as hereinafter defined), and such amendments thereof as may have been required to the date of this Agreement. Copies of such Registration Statement (including all amendments thereof) and of the related Preliminary Prospectus have heretofore been delivered by the Company to you. The term “Preliminary Prospectus” means any preliminary prospectus included at any time as a part of the Registration Statement or filed with the Commission by the Company pursuant to Rule 424(a) of the Rules and Regulations. The term “Registration Statement” as used in this Agreement means the initial registration statement (including all exhibits, financial schedules and all documents and information deemed to be a part of the Registration Statement), as in the form of Prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Rules and Regulations and deemed to be part thereof at the time of effectiveness pursuant to Rule 430A of the Rules and Regulations. If the Company has filed an abbreviated registration statement to register additional Shares pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Rules and Regulations (the “462(b) Registration Statement”), then any reference herein to the Registration Statement shall also be deemed to include such 462(b) Registration Statement. The term “Prospectus” as used in this Agreement means the prospectus in the form included in the Registration Statement at the time of effectiveness or, if Rule 430A of the Rules and Regulations is relied on, the term Prospectus shall also include the Prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to and within the time limits described in Rule 424(b) of the Rules and Regulations.

For purposes of this underwriting agreement (this “Agreement”):

“Applicable Time” means [*] a.m./p.m. (Eastern time) on the date of this Agreement.

“Closing Date” has the meaning defined in Section 3 hereof.

“Commission” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

“Effective Date” means ______, 2017, the date on which the Registration Statement was declared effective by the Commission.

“Effective Time” of the Registration Statement relating to the Offered Securities means the time of the first contract of sale for the Offered Securities.

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

“General Use Issuer Free Writing Prospectus” means any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is intended for general distribution to prospective investors, as evidenced by its being so specified in Schedule B to this Agreement.

“Issuer Free Writing Prospectus” means any “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, relating to the Offered Securities in the form filed or required to be filed with the Commission or, if not required to be filed, in the form retained in the Company’s records pursuant to Rule 433(g).

“Limited Use Issuer Free Writing Prospectus” means any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is not a General Use Issuer Free Writing Prospectus.

“Non-Surviving Transaction” means a merger, consolidation, combination or acquisition transaction of the Company in which the Company is not a surviving entity.

“Rules and Regulations” means the rules and regulations of the Commission.

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

“Securities Laws” means, collectively, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley”), the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, the Rules and Regulations, the auditing principles, rules, standards and practices applicable to auditors of “issuers” (as defined in Sarbanes-Oxley) promulgated or approved by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and, as applicable, the rules of The NASDAQ Stock Market (“Exchange Rules”).

“Statutory Prospectus” as of any time means the Preliminary Prospectus relating to the Offered Securities that is included in the Registration Statement immediately prior to the Applicable Time.

Unless otherwise specified, a reference to a “rule” is to the indicated rule under the Securities Act.

The Company understands that the Underwriters propose to make a public offering of the Offered Securities (the “Offering”), as set forth in and pursuant to the Statutory Prospectus (as hereinafter defined) and the Prospectus, as soon after the Effective Date and the date of this Agreement as the Representative deems advisable. The Company hereby confirms that the Underwriters and dealers have been authorized to distribute or cause to be distributed each Preliminary Prospectus and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus and are authorized to distribute the Prospectus (as from time to time amended or supplemented if the Company furnishes amendments or supplements thereto to the Underwriters).

(b) Compliance with Securities Act Requirements. (i) (A) At the Effective Date, (B) at the time of each amendment thereto for the purposes of complying with Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act (whether by post-effective amendment, incorporated report or form of prospectus), (C) at the Effective Time relating to the Offered Securities and (D) on the Closing Date, the Registration Statement conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and the Rules and Regulations and did not and will not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading and (ii) (A) on its date, (B) at the time of filing the Prospectus pursuant to Rule 424(b) and (C) on the Closing Date, the Prospectus will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and the Rules and Regulations, and will not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. The preceding sentence does not apply to statements in or omissions from any such document based upon written information furnished to the Company by any Underwriter through the Representative specifically for use therein, it being understood and agreed that the only such information is that described as such in Section 8(b) hereof.

(c) Effectiveness of Registration Statement. The Registration Statement is effective under the Securities Act and no stop order preventing or suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or suspending or preventing the use of any Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, has been issued by the Commission and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or are threatened under the Securities Act. Any required filing of any Preliminary Prospectus and/or the Prospectus and any supplement thereto pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Rules and Regulations has been or will be made in the manner and within the time period required by such Rule 424(b). The Company has not, directly or indirectly, distributed and will not distribute any offering material in connection with the offering and sale of the Offered Securities other than any Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus and other materials, if any, permitted under the Securities Act. Any material required to be filed by the Company pursuant to Rule 433(d) or Rule 163(b)(2) of the Rules has been or will be made in the manner and within the time period required by such Rules

(d) Ineligible Issuer Status. (i) At the earliest time after the filing of the Registration Statement that the Company or another offering participant made a bona fide offer (within the meaning of Rule 164(h)(2)) of the Firm Securities and (ii) at the date of this Agreement, the Company was not and is not an “ ineligible issuer, ” as defined in Rule 405, including (x) the Company or any other subsidiary in the preceding three years not having been convicted of a felony or misdemeanor or having been made the subject of a judicial or administrative decree or order as described in Rule 405 and (y) the Company in the preceding three years not having been the subject of a bankruptcy petition or insolvency or similar proceeding, not having had a registration statement be the subject of a proceeding under Section 8 of the Securities Act and not being the subject of a proceeding under Section 8A of the Securities Act in connection with the offering of the Firm Securities, all as described in Rule 405.

(e) General Disclosure Package. As of the Applicable Time, neither (i) the General Use Issuer Free Writing Prospectus(es) issued at or prior to the Applicable Time and, the Preliminary Prospectus dated [*], 2017 (which is the most recent Statutory Prospectus distributed to investors generally), and the other information, if any, stated in Schedule B to this Agreement to be included in the General Disclosure Package, all considered together (collectively, the “General Disclosure Package”), nor (ii) any individual Limited Use Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, when considered together with the General Disclosure Package, included any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The documents incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Statutory Prospectus and the General Disclosure Package, when they became effective or were filed with the Commission, as the case may be, conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, as applicable, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder and none of such documents contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and any further documents so filed and incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Statutory Prospectus and the General Disclosure Package, when such documents are filed with Commission, will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, as applicable, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. At the respective time the Registration Statement became effective, at the date of this Agreement and at each Closing Date, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and the Rules and Regulations and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; and the Statutory Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto, at the time the Statutory Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto was issued and at each Closing Date, conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and the Rules and Regulations and did not and will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading The preceding sentence does not apply to statements in or omissions from any Statutory Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by any Underwriter through the Representative specifically for use therein, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the information described as such in Section 8(b) hereof.

(f) Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses. Each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, as of its issue date and at all subsequent times through the completion of the public offer and sale of the Offered Securities or until any earlier date that the Company notified or notifies the Representative as described in the next sentence, did not, does not and will not include any information that conflicted, conflicts or will conflict with the information then contained in the Registration Statement or contain any untrue statement of material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. If at any time following issuance of an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus there occurred or occurs an event or development as a result of which such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus conflicted or would conflict with the information then contained in the Registration Statement or as a result of which such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, if republished immediately following such event or development, would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, (i) the Company has promptly notified or will promptly notify the Representative and (ii) the Company has promptly amended or will promptly amend or supplement such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus to eliminate or correct such conflict, untrue statement or omission.

(g) Shell Company Status. The Company is not a shell company (as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act) and has not been a shell company for at least 12 calendar months previously and if it has been a shell company at any time previously, has filed current Form 10 information with the Commission at least 12 calendar months previously reflecting its status as an entity that is not a shell company.

(h) Good standing of the Company and Subsidiaries. Each of the Company and each Subsidiary (as defined below) has been duly organized and is validly existing as a corporation in good standing (or the foreign equivalent thereof) under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization. Each of the Company and each Subsidiary is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation in each jurisdiction in which its ownership or lease of property or the conduct of its business requires such qualification and has all corporate power and authority necessary to own or hold its properties and to conduct the business in which it is engaged, except where the failure to so qualify or have such corporate power or authority (i) would not have, singularly or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the condition (financial or otherwise), results of operations, assets or business or prospects of the Company or any Subsidiary, taken as a whole, or (ii) impair in any material respect the ability of the Company to perform its obligations under this Agreement or to consummate any transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus (any such effect as described in clauses (i) or (ii), a “Material Adverse Effect”). The Company owns or controls, directly or indirectly, only the following corporations, partnerships, limited liability partnerships, limited liability companies, associations or other entities: Directional IP, LLC, Guidance IP, LLC, NNPT, LLC, Nuta Technology Corp., Spherix Portfolio Acquisition II, Inc. and Spherix Management Services, LLC (each a “ Subsidiary ” and together, the “Subsidiaries”). The Subsidiaries are the only subsidiaries, direct or indirect, of the Company.

(i) Offered Securities. The Offered Securities and all other outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company have been duly authorized; the authorized equity capitalization of the Company is as set forth in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are, and, when the Offered Securities have been delivered and paid for in accordance with this Agreement on each Closing Date, such Offered Securities will have been, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, will conform in all material respects to the information in the General Disclosure Package and to the description of such Offered Securities contained in the Prospectus; the stockholders of the Company have no preemptive rights with respect to the Offered Securities; and none of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company have been issued in violation of any preemptive or similar rights of any security holder. All the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Subsidiaries have been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and non-assessable and, except to the extent set forth in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, are owned by the Company directly or indirectly through one or more wholly-owned subsidiaries, free and clear of any claim, lien, encumbrance, security interest, restriction upon voting or transfer or any other claim of any third party.

(j) No Finder’s Fee. Except as disclosed in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no contracts, agreements or understandings between the Company and any person that would give rise to a valid claim against the Company or any Underwriter for a brokerage commission, finder’s fee or other like payment in connection with this offering.

(k) Registration Rights. Except as disclosed in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no contracts, agreements or understandings between the Company and any person granting such person the right to require the Company to file a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to any securities of the Company owned or to be owned by such person or to require the Company to include such securities in the securities registered pursuant to a Registration Statement or in any securities being registered pursuant to any other registration statement filed by the Company under the Securities Act (collectively, “registration rights”), and any person to whom the Company has granted registration rights has agreed not to exercise such rights until after the expiration of the Lock-Up Period referred to in Section 5 hereof.

(l) Listing. The Offered Securities have been approved for listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market (“Nasdaq CM”), subject to notice of issuance. The Company is in compliance with all applicable corporate governance requirements set forth in the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules that are then in effect and is actively taking steps to ensure that it will be in compliance with other applicable corporate governance requirements set forth in the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules not currently in effect upon and all times after the effectiveness of such requirements. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act and except as described in the General Disclosure Package, the Company has taken no action designed to, or reasonably likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act or delisting the Common Stock from the NASDAQ CM, nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission or NASDAQ CM is contemplating terminating such registration or listing.

(m) Audit Opinion. Marcum LLP, which has provided an audit opinion concerning the Company’s financial statements and schedules, if any, for the periods set forth in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus in such report and included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, has audited the Company’s financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 is an independent registered public accounting firm as required by the Securities Act and the Rules and Regulations and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Except as disclosed in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and as pre-approved in accordance with the requirements set forth in Section 10A of the Exchange Act, Marcum LLP has not been engaged by the Company to perform any “prohibited activities” (as defined in Section 10A of the Exchange Act).

(n) Minutes and Consents. The minutes or consents of the board of directors and stockholders of the Company for the last two fiscal years have been made available to the Underwriters and counsel for the Underwriters, and such minutes or consents accurately reflect in all material respects all transactions referred to in such minutes.

(o) Compliance with Laws. The Company is in compliance with all applicable federal, state, local and foreign laws, regulations, orders and decrees governing its business as currently conducted, except where noncompliance would not, singularly or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. This Section does not relate to matters with respect to taxes, which are the subject of Sections 2(kk) and (ll), employee benefits, which are the subject of Section 2(mm), and environmental matters, which are the subject of Section 2(x).

(p) Absence of Further Requirements. Except for the registration of the Offered Securities under the Securities Act and such consents, approvals, authorizations, registrations or qualifications as may be required under the Exchange Act and applicable state or foreign securities laws, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) and NASDAQ CM in connection with the issuance and sale of the Offering Securities by the Company, no consent, approval, authorization or order of, or filing, qualification or registration with, any court or governmental agency or body, foreign or domestic, which has not been made, obtained or taken and is not in full force and effect, is required for the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by the Company, the offer or sale of the Offered Securities or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.

(q) Title to Property. The Company and the Subsidiaries do not own any real property. Each of the Company and each Subsidiary has good title, or has valid rights to lease or otherwise use all items of personal property owned by them which are material to the business of the Company and each such Subsidiary in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, security interests, claims and defects except those that (i) are described in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, or (ii) do not, singularly or in the aggregate, materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company or the Subsidiaries; and all of the leases and subleases material to the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries, and under which the Company or each Subsidiary holds properties described in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, are in full force and effect, and, except as described in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company has not received any written notice of any material claim of any sort that has been asserted by anyone adverse to the rights of the Company or the Subsidiaries under any of the leases or subleases mentioned above, or affecting or questioning the rights of the Company or the Subsidiary to the continued possession of the leased or subleased premises under any such lease or sublease.

(r) Absence of Defaults and Conflicts Resulting from Transaction. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by the Company, the issue and sale of the Offered Securities by the Company and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby will not (with or without notice or lapse of time or both) conflict with or result in a breach or violation of (i) any of the terms or provisions of, constitute a default under, give rise to any right of termination or other right or the cancellation or acceleration of any right or obligation or loss of a benefit under, or give rise to the creation or imposition of any lien, encumbrance, security interest, claim or charge upon any property or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary pursuant to, any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary is subject, (ii) the provisions of the charter or by-laws of the Company or any Subsidiary, or (iii) any law, statute, rule, regulation, judgment, order or decree of any court or governmental agency or body, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the Company or any Subsidiary or any of their properties or assets, except in the case of each of the foregoing clauses of this paragraph, for such breaches, violations or defaults that would not singularly or in the aggregate have a Material Adverse Effect.

(s) Absence of Existing Defaults and Conflicts. Except as disclosed in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in violation of its respective charter or by-laws or in default (or with the giving of notice or lapse of time would be in default) under any existing material obligation, agreement, covenant or condition contained in any indenture, loan agreement, mortgage, lease or other agreement or instrument to which any of them is a party or by which any of them is bound or to which any of the properties of any of them is subject, except such defaults that would not, singularly or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

(t) Authorization of Agreement. The Company has the full right, power and authority to enter into this Agreement, and to perform and to discharge its obligations hereunder; and this Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company, and constitutes the valid and binding obligations of the Company enforceable in accordance with their respective terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting generally the enforcement of creditors’ rights and the relief of debtors. All corporate action required to be taken for the authorization, issuance and sale of the Offered Securities has been duly and validly taken.

(u) Possession of Licenses and Permits. Each of the Company and each Subsidiary possesses all licenses, certificates, authorizations and permits issued by, the appropriate local, state, federal or foreign regulatory agencies or bodies which are necessary for the ownership of its properties or the conduct of its businesses as described in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus (collectively, the “Governmental Permits”) except where any failure to possess the same, singularly or in the aggregate, would not have a Material Adverse Effect. Each of the Company and each Subsidiary is in material compliance with all material Governmental Permits; all such Governmental Permits are valid and in full force and effect, except where the validity or failure to be in full force and effect would not, singularly or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any written notification of any revocation or modification (or proceedings related thereto) of any such Governmental Permit and the Company has no reason to believe that any such material Governmental Permit will not be renewed. This Section does not relate to matters with respect to taxes, which are the subject of Sections 2(kk) and (ll), employee benefits, which are the subject of Section 2(mm), environmental matters, which are the subject of Section 2(x).

(v) Absence of Labor Dispute. No labor disturbance by the employees of the Company or any Subsidiary exists or, to the best of the Company’s knowledge, is imminent, and the Company has no knowledge of any existing or imminent labor disturbance by the employees of any of its or its Subsidiaries’ principal suppliers, manufacturers, customers or contractors, that could reasonably be expected, singularly or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has no knowledge that any key employee or significant group of employees of the Company or any Subsidiary plans to terminate employment with the Company or any Subsidiary.

(w) Possession of Intellectual Property. Each of the Company and each Subsidiary owns or possesses the right to use all patents and patent applications, trademarks, trademark registrations and applications, service marks, service mark registrations and applications, tradenames, copyrights, copyright registrations and applications, licenses, inventions, software, databases, know-how, Internet domain names, trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary or confidential information, systems or procedures, and other intellectual property (collectively, “Intellectual Property”) necessary to conduct their respective businesses as currently conducted, and as proposed to be conducted and described in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, and the Company is not aware of any claim to the contrary or any challenge by any other person or entity to the rights of the Company or any Subsidiary with respect to the foregoing except for those in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or those that could not have a Material Adverse Effect. The Intellectual Property licenses described in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus are valid, binding upon, and enforceable by or against the parties thereto in accordance with their terms. Each of the Company and each Subsidiary has complied in all material respects with, and is not in breach nor has received any asserted or threatened claim of breach of, any Intellectual Property license, and the Company has no knowledge of any breach or anticipated breach by any other person or entity to any Intellectual Property license. To the Company’s knowledge, the Company’s and each Subsidiary’s respective businesses as now conducted does not infringe, misappropriate or otherwise violate or conflict with any valid patents, trademarks, service marks, trade names, copyrights, licenses or other Intellectual Property or franchise right of any person or entity. Except as disclosed in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there is no claim outstanding against the Company or any Subsidiary alleging the infringement, misappropriation or other violation by the Company or such Subsidiary of any patent, trademark, service mark, trade name, copyright, license or other Intellectual Property or franchise right of any person or entity. Each of the Company and each Subsidiary has taken all reasonable steps to protect, maintain and safeguard its rights in all Intellectual Property, including the execution of appropriate nondisclosure and confidentiality agreements. Except as described in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, all granted Intellectual Property owned by the Company and/or each Subsidiary is valid and enforceable. The consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement will not result in the loss or impairment of or payment of any additional amounts with respect to, nor require the consent of any other person or entity in respect of, the Company or any Subsidiary’s right to own, use, or hold for use any of the Intellectual Property as owned, used or held for use in the conduct of their respective businesses as currently conducted. With respect to the use of the software in the Company or any Subsidiary’s business as it is currently conducted, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has experienced any material defects in such software including any material error or omission in the processing of any transactions other than defects which have been corrected. The Company and the Subsidiaries have at all times complied in all material respects with all applicable laws relating to privacy, data protection, and the collection and use of personal information collected, used, or held for use by the Company and the Subsidiaries in the conduct of the Company and the Subsidiaries’ business. No claims have been asserted or threatened against the Company or any Subsidiary alleging a violation of any person’s privacy or personal information or data rights and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, to the Company’s knowledge, will not breach or otherwise cause any violation of any law related to privacy, data protection, or the collection and use of personal information collected, used, or held for use by the Company or any Subsidiary in the conduct of the Company’s or such Subsidiary’s business, except for such breaches or violations as would not cause a Material Adverse Effect. Each of the Company and each Subsidiary has taken reasonable measures to ensure that such information is protected against unauthorized access, use, modification, or other misuse, except for those that would not have a Material Adverse Effect.

(x) Environmental Laws. The Company and its Subsidiaries (a) are in material compliance with any and all applicable federal, state, local and foreign laws, rules, regulations, decisions and orders relating to the protection of human health and safety, the environment or hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants (collectively, “Environmental Laws”); (b) have received and are in compliance with all permits, licenses or other approvals required of it under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct its business; and (c) have not received notice of any actual or potential liability for the investigation or remediation of any disposal or release of hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants regulated under any Environmental Laws, except in each case as would not, singularly or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

(y) Accurate Disclosure. The statements in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus under the heading “Description of Capital Stock” insofar as such statements summarize legal matters, agreements, documents or proceedings discussed therein, are accurate and fair summaries in all material respects of such legal matters, agreements, documents or proceedings.

(z) No Integration. Neither the Company, nor any of its affiliates, nor any person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause the Offered Securities to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of the Securities Act which would require the registration of any such securities under the Securities Act.

(aa) Forward-Looking Statements. No forward-looking statement (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act) contained in either the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus has been made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in good faith.

(bb) FINRA. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor any of their affiliates (within the meaning of FINRA’s Conduct Rule 5121(f)(1)) directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, or is an associated person (within the meaning of Article I, Section 1(ee) of the By-laws of FINRA) of, any member firm of FINRA.

(cc) Absence of Manipulation. The Company has not taken, directly or indirectly, any action that is designed to or that has constituted or that would reasonably be expected to cause or result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Offered Securities.

(dd) Statistical and Market-Related Data. Any third-party statistical and market-related data included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, a Statutory Prospectus or the General Disclosure Package are based on or derived from sources that the Company believes to be reliable and accurate.

(ee) Internal Controls and Compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting and other controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) and to maintain accountability for assets; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. Except as described in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, since the end of the Company’s most recent audited fiscal year, there has been (A) no material weakness in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (whether or not remediated) and (B) no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The Company is in compliance with all applicable provisions of Sarbanes-Oxley and all applicable rules and regulations promulgated thereunder or implementing the provisions thereof that are presently in effect.

(ff) Litigation. Except as set forth in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there is no legal or governmental action, suit, claim or proceeding pending to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or of which any property or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary is the subject which is required to be described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus or a document incorporated by reference therein and is not described therein, or which, singularly or in the aggregate, if determined adversely to the Company or any Subsidiary, could have a Material Adverse Effect or prevent the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby; and to the Company’s knowledge, no such proceedings are threatened by governmental authorities or threatened by any third party.

(gg) Financial Statements. The financial statements, together with the related notes and schedules, included or incorporated by reference in the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus and the Registration Statement fairly present the financial condition and the results of operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries at the respective dates or for the respective periods therein specified. Such statements and related notes and schedules have been prepared in accordance with GAAP applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved except as may be set forth in the related notes included or incorporated by reference in the General Disclosure Package. The financial statements, together with the related notes and schedules, included or incorporated by reference in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus comply in all material respects with the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, and the Rules and Regulations and the rules and regulations under the Exchange Act.

(hh) No Material Adverse Change in Business. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has sustained, since the date of the latest audited financial statements included or incorporated by reference in the General Disclosure Package, any material loss or material interference with its business from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor dispute or court or governmental action, order or decree, otherwise than as set forth or contemplated in the General Disclosure Package; and, since such date, there has not been any material change in the capital stock or long-term debt of the Company or any Subsidiary, or any material adverse changes, or any development involving a prospective material adverse change, in or affecting the business, assets, general affairs, management, financial position, prospects, stockholders’ equity or results of operations of the Company or any Subsidiary otherwise than as set forth or contemplated in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

(ii) Investment Company Act. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is or, after giving effect to the offering of the Offered Securities and the application of the proceeds thereof as described in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, will become an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.

(jj) Ratings. No “nationally recognized statistical rating organization” as such term is defined is defined in Section 3(a)(62) of the Exchange Act (i) has imposed (or has informed the Company that it is considering imposing) any condition (financial or otherwise) on the Company’s retaining any rating assigned to the Company or any securities of the Company or (ii) has indicated to the Company that it is considering any of the actions described in Section 7(c)(ii) hereof.

(kk) Taxes. The Company and its Subsidiaries have filed all United States federal income tax returns that have been required to be filed and has paid all taxes shown thereon or otherwise assessed, which are due and payable, except assessments against which appeals have been or will be promptly taken and as to which adequate reserves have been provided. The Company and its Subsidiaries have filed all other tax returns that are required to have been filed by them pursuant to applicable state, local or foreign law, except insofar as the failure to file such returns would not have a Material Adverse Effect, and has paid all taxes shown thereon or otherwise assessed, which are due and payable, except assessments against which appeals have been or will be promptly taken and as to which adequate reserves have been provided. The Company and its subsidiaries have no tax deficiency that has been or, to the Company’s knowledge, might be asserted or threatened against it that could have a Material Adverse Effect.

(ll) PFIC Status. The Company was not a “passive foreign investment company” (“PFIC”) as defined in Section 1297 of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), for its most recently completed taxable year and, based on the Company’s current projected income, assets and activities, the Company does not expect to be classified as a PFIC for any subsequent taxable year.

(mm) ERISA. No “prohibited transaction” (as defined in Section 406 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, including the regulations and published interpretations thereunder (“ERISA”), or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time (the “Code”)) or “accumulated funding deficiency” (as defined in Section 302 of ERISA) or any of the events set forth in Section 4043(b) of ERISA (other than events with respect to which the thirty (30)-day notice requirement under Section 4043 of ERISA has been waived) has occurred or could reasonably be expected to occur with respect to any employee benefit plan of the Company or any Subsidiary which could, singularly or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. Each employee benefit plan of the Company or any Subsidiary is in compliance in all material respects with applicable law, including ERISA and the Code. Each of the Company and each Subsidiary has not incurred and could not reasonably be expected to incur liability under Title IV of ERISA with respect to the termination of, or withdrawal from, any pension plan (as defined in ERISA). Each pension plan for which the Company and each Subsidiary would have any liability that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code is so qualified, and nothing has occurred, whether by action or by failure to act, which could, singularly or in the aggregate, cause the loss of such qualification.

(nn) FCPA. Neither the Company nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company is aware of or has taken any action, directly or indirectly, that would result in a violation by such persons of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder; and the Company and, to the knowledge of the Company, its affiliates have instituted and maintain policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure continued compliance therewith.

(oo) Office of Foreign Assets Control. Neither the Company nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“OFAC”); and the Company will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of the offering of the Offered Securities contemplated hereby, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any Subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person or entity for the purpose of financing the activities of any person currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by OFAC.

(pp) No Unlawful Payments. Neither the Company nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has (i) used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expense relating to political activity; (ii) made any direct or indirect unlawful payment to any foreign or domestic government official or employee from corporate funds; or (iii) made any bribe, rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or, to the Company’s knowledge, other unlawful payment.

(qq) Margin Securities. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary owns any “margin securities” as that term is defined in Regulation U of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Board”), and none of the proceeds of the sale of the Offered Securities will be used, directly or indirectly, for the purpose of purchasing or carrying any margin security, for the purpose of reducing or retiring any indebtedness which was originally incurred to purchase or carry any margin security or for any other purpose which might cause any of the Securities to be considered a “purpose credit” within the meanings of Regulation T, U or X of the Federal Reserve Board.

(rr) Anti-Money Laundering. The operations of the Company are and have been conducted at all times in compliance in all material respects with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the money laundering statutes of all applicable jurisdictions, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”); and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator or non-governmental authority involving the Company with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened.

(ss) Intentionally Omitted.

(tt) Insurance. Each of the Company and each Subsidiary carries, or is covered by, insurance provided by recognized, financially sound and reputable institutions with policies in such amounts and covering such risks as is adequate, in the judgment of management, for the conduct of its business. The Company has no reason to believe that it or any Subsidiary will not be able (i) to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such policies expire or (ii) to obtain comparable coverage from similar institutions as may be necessary or appropriate to conduct its business as now conducted and at a cost that would not result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(uu) Outstanding Loans. There are no outstanding loans, advances (except normal advances for business expenses in the ordinary course of business) or guarantees or indebtedness by the Company or its Subsidiaries to or for the benefit of any of the officers or directors of the Company, its Subsidiaries or any of their respective family members, except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. All transactions by the Company with office holders or control persons of the Company have been duly approved by the board of directors of the Company, or duly appointed committees or officers thereof.

(vv) XBRL Language. The interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included as an exhibit to any document incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and has been prepared in accordance with the Commission’s rules and guidelines applicable thereto in all material respects.

(ww) Contracts. There is no material agreement or document required by the Securities Act or by the Rules and Regulations to be described in the General Disclosure Package and in the Prospectus or a document incorporated by reference therein or to be filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement or a document incorporated by reference therein which is not so described or filed therein as required; and all descriptions of any such agreements or documents contained in the General Disclosure Package and in the Prospectus or in a document incorporated by reference therein are accurate and complete descriptions of such documents in all material respects. Other than as described in the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, no such agreement has been suspended or terminated for convenience or default by the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, any of the other parties thereto, and the Company has not received notice of and the Company does not have knowledge of any such pending or threatened suspension or termination except for such suspensions or terminations or pending or threatened suspensions or terminations that would not reasonably be expected to, singularly or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

(xx) Outstanding Options. All grants of options were validly issued and duly authorized by the board of directors of the Company (or a duly authorized committee thereof) in material compliance with all applicable laws and regulations and recorded in the Company’s financial statements in accordance with GAAP.

(yy) Related Party Transactions. No relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company on the one hand, and the directors, officers, stockholders (or analogous interest holders), customers or suppliers of the Company or any of their affiliates on the other hand, which is required by the Securities Laws to be described in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or a document incorporated by reference therein and which is not so described.

3. Purchase, Sale and Delivery of Offered Securities. On the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements and subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell to the several Underwriters, and each of the Underwriters agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase from the Company, at a purchase price of $[*] per share, the respective number of shares of Firm Securities set forth opposite the names of the Underwriters in Schedule A hereto, plus any additional number of Firm Securities which such Underwriters may become obligated to purchase pursuant to the provisions of Section 9 hereof.

The Company will deliver the Firm Securities to or as instructed by the Representative for the accounts of the several Underwriters through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company issued in such names and in such denominations as the Representative shall request against payment of the purchase price by the Underwriters in Federal (same day) funds by wire transfer to an account at a bank designated in writing by the Company to the Representative drawn to the order of the Company at the office of Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton LLP, 30 Rockefeller Plaza, 39^th Floor, New York, NY 10112, at [*] A.M/P.M., New York time, on [*], 2017 or at such other time as the Representative and the Company determine, such time being herein referred to as the “First Closing Date”. For purposes of Rule 15c6-1 under the Exchange Act, the First Closing Date (if later than the otherwise applicable settlement date) shall be the settlement date for payment of funds and delivery of securities for all the Firm Securities sold pursuant to the offering.

In addition, upon written notice from the Representative given to the Company from time to time not more than 45 days subsequent to the date of the Prospectus, the Underwriters may purchase all or less than all of the Optional Securities at the purchase price per share to be paid for the Firm Securities. The Company agrees to sell to the Underwriters the number of shares of Optional Securities specified in such notice and the Underwriters agree, severally and not jointly, to purchase such Optional Securities. Such Optional Securities shall be purchased for the account of each Underwriter in the same proportion as the number of shares of Firm Securities set forth opposite such Underwriter’s name bears to the total number of shares of Firm Securities (subject to adjustment by the Representative to eliminate fractions) and may be purchased by the Underwriters only for the purpose of covering over-allotments made in connection with the sale of the Firm Securities. No Optional Securities shall be sold or delivered unless the Firm Securities previously have been, or simultaneously are, sold and delivered. The right to purchase the Optional Securities or any portion thereof may be exercised from time to time and to the extent not previously exercised may be surrendered and terminated at any time upon notice by the Representative to the Company.

Each time for the delivery of and payment for the Optional Securities, being herein referred to as an “Optional Closing Date”, which may be the First Closing Date (the First Closing Date and each Optional Closing Date, if any, being sometimes referred to as a “Closing Date”), shall be determined by the Representative but shall be not later than three full business days after written notice of election to purchase Optional Securities is given or at such other time as the Representative and the Company determine. The Company will deliver the Optional Securities being purchased on each Optional Closing Date to or as instructed by the Representative through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company issued in such names and in such denominations as the Representative shall request against payment of the purchase price therefor in Federal (same day) funds by wire transfer to an account at a bank designated in writing by the Company to the Representative drawn to the order of the Company, at the office of Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton LLP.

It is understood that each Underwriter has authorized the Representative, for its account, to accept delivery of, receipt for, and make payment of the purchase price for, the Firm Securities and the Optional Securities, if any, which it has agreed to purchase.

4. Offering by Underwriters. It is understood that the several Underwriters propose to offer the Offered Securities for sale to the public as set forth in the Prospectus.

5. Certain Agreements of the Company. The Company agrees with the several Underwriters that:

(a) Filing of Prospectuses. The Company has filed or will file each Statutory Prospectus (including the Prospectus) pursuant to and in accordance with Rule 424(b)(4) not later than the second business day following the earlier of the date it is first used or the execution and delivery of this Agreement. The Company has complied and will comply with Rule 433.

(b) Filing of Amendments; Response to Commission Requests. The Company will promptly advise the Representative of any proposal to amend or supplement the Registration Statement or any Statutory Prospectus at any time, will offer the Representative a reasonable opportunity to comment on any such amendment or supplement and will not file any such proposed amendment or supplement to which the Representative reasonably objects; and the Company will also advise the Representative promptly of (i) the filing of any such amendment or supplement, (ii) any request by the Commission or its staff for any amendment to the Registration Statement, for any supplement to any Statutory Prospectus or for any additional information, (iii) the institution by the Commission of any stop order proceedings in respect of the Registration Statement or the threatening of any proceeding for that purpose, and (iv) the receipt by the Company of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification of the Offered Securities in any jurisdiction or the institution or threatening of any proceedings for such purpose. The Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to prevent the issuance of any such stop order or the suspension of any such qualification and, if issued, to obtain as soon as possible the withdrawal thereof.

(c) Continued Compliance with Securities Laws. If, at any time when a prospectus relating to the Offered Securities is (or but for the exemption in Rule 172 would be) required to be delivered under the Securities Act by any Underwriter or dealer, any event occurs as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, or if it is necessary at any time to amend the Registration Statement or supplement the Prospectus to comply with the Securities Act, the Company will promptly notify the Representative of such event so that any use of the General Disclosure Package may cease until it is amended or supplemented and will promptly prepare and file with the Commission and furnish, at its own expense, to the Underwriters and the dealers and any other dealers in such quantities as the Representative may reasonably request, an amendment or supplement which will correct such statement or omission or an amendment which will effect such compliance. Neither the Representative’s consent to, nor the Underwriters’ delivery of, any such amendment or supplement shall constitute a waiver of any of the conditions set forth in Section 7 hereof.

(d) Rule 158. The Company will timely file such reports pursuant to the Exchange Act as are necessary in order to make generally available to its security holders as soon as practicable an earnings statement for the purposes of, and to provide to the Underwriters the benefits contemplated by, the last paragraph of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and Rule 158.

(e) Furnishing of Prospectuses. The Company will furnish to the Representative copies of the Registration Statement, including all exhibits, any Statutory Prospectus, the Prospectus and all amendments and supplements to such documents, in each case as soon as available and in such quantities as the Representative reasonably request. The Company will pay the expenses of printing and distributing to the Underwriters all such documents.

(f) Blue Sky Qualifications. The Company will arrange for the qualification of the Offered Securities for sale under the laws of such jurisdictions as the Representative designates and will continue such qualifications in effect so long as required for the distribution; provided, however, that the Company shall not be obligated to qualify as a foreign corporation in any jurisdiction in which it is not so qualified or to file a general consent to service of process in any jurisdiction.

(g) Reporting Requirements. During the period of 2 years hereafter, other than in the event of a Non-Surviving Transaction, the Company will furnish to the Representative and, upon request, to each of the other Underwriters, as soon as practicable after the end of each fiscal year, a copy of its annual report to stockholders for such year; and the Company will furnish to the Representative as soon as available, a copy of each report and any definitive proxy statement of the Company filed with the Commission under the Exchange Act or mailed to stockholders. However, so long as the Company is subject to the reporting requirements of either Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act and is timely filing reports with the Commission on its Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval system (“EDGAR”), it is not required to furnish such reports or statements to the Underwriters.

(h) Payment of Expenses.

(i) The Company will pay all expenses incident to the performance of its obligations under this Agreement, including but not limited to (a) all filing fees relating to the registration of the Offered Securities to be sold in the Offering; (b) all actual FINRA Corporate Financing filing fees associated with the review of the Offering by FINRA; (c) all fees and expenses relating to the listing of such Shares on the NASDAQ CM, (d) all actual fees, expenses and disbursements relating to background checks of our officers and directors not to exceed $10,000, (e) all fees, expenses and disbursements relating to the registration or qualification of such Offered Securities under the “blue sky” securities laws of such states and other jurisdictions as the Underwriters may reasonably designate (including, without limitation, all filing and registration fees); (f) [reserved]; (g) the costs of all mailing and printing of the underwriting documents (including, without limitation, this Agreement, any Blue Sky Surveys and, if appropriate, any Agreement Among Underwriters, Selected Dealers’ Agreement, Underwriters’ Questionnaire and Power of Attorney), Registration Statements, Prospectuses and all amendments, supplements and exhibits thereto and as many Prospectuses as the Underwriters may reasonably deem necessary; (h) the costs of preparing, printing and delivering certificates representing the Shares, if any; (i) fees and expenses of the transfer agent for the Common Stock; (j) stock transfer and/or stamp taxes, if any, payable upon the transfer of securities from the Company to the Underwriters; (k) the fees and expenses of the Company’s accountants; (l) the legal fees and expenses and fees and expenses of any other agents and representatives of the Company incurred as a result of the Offering; and (m) all fees and expenses of the Representative, including, without limitation, its legal fees and expenses, all such fees not to exceed $70,000 in the aggregate (inclusive of payments under clause (c) herein). The Underwriters may deduct from the net proceeds of the Offering payable to the Company on the Closing Date, the expenses set forth herein to be paid by the Company to the Underwriters; provided, however, that in the event that the Offering is terminated, the Company agrees to reimburse the Underwriters pursuant to subsection (ii) hereof.

(ii) Intentionally Omitted.

(iii) Except in the case of a default by the Underwriters pursuant to Section 9 below or termination by the Representative pursuant to Section 11 below, in the event that this Agreement shall not be carried out for any reason whatsoever, within the time specified herein or any extensions thereof pursuant to the terms herein, the Company shall be obligated to pay to the Underwriters their actual and accountable out-of-pocket expenses related to the transactions contemplated herein then due and payable (including the fees and disbursements of Underwriters’ Counsel) up to $25,000 and, upon demand, the Company shall pay the full amount thereof to the Representative on behalf of the Underwriters; provided, however, that such expense cap in no way limits or impairs the indemnification and contribution provisions of this Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any advance received by the Representative will be reimbursed to the Company to the extent not actually incurred in compliance with FINRA Rule 5110(f)(2)(C).

(i) Use of Proceeds. The Company will use the net proceeds received in connection with this offering in the manner described in the “Use of Proceeds” section of the Prospectus and, except as disclosed in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company does not intend to use any of the proceeds from the sale of the Offered Securities hereunder to repay any outstanding debt owed to any affiliate of any Underwriter.

(j) Intentionally Deleted.

(k) Restriction on Sale of Securities. For the period specified below (the “Lock-Up Period”), the Company will not, directly or indirectly, take any of the following actions with respect to its Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any of its Common Stock (“Lock-Up Securities ”): (i) offer, sell, issue, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of Lock-Up Securities, (ii) offer, sell, issue, contract to sell, contract to purchase or grant any option, right or warrant to purchase Lock-Up Securities, (iii) enter into any swap, hedge or any other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, the economic consequences of ownership of Lock-Up Securities, (iv) establish or increase a put equivalent position or liquidate or decrease a call equivalent position in Lock-Up Securities within the meaning of Section 16 of the Exchange Act or (v) file with the Commission a registration statement under the Securities Act relating to Lock-Up Securities, or publicly disclose the intention to take any such action, without the prior written consent of the Representative. The restrictions set forth in this Section (k) shall not apply to (A) the sale of Offered Securities to the Underwriters; (B) the issuance of restricted Securities or options to acquire Securities pursuant to the Company’s employee benefit plans, qualified stock option plans or other employee compensation plans, as such plans are in existence on the date hereof and described in the General Disclosure Package and Prospectus, (C) the issuance of Securities pursuant to valid exercises of options, warrants or rights or upon valid conversion of securities outstanding on the date hereof, (D) the issuance by the Company of any Securities or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Securities as consideration for mergers, acquisitions, other business combinations or strategic alliances or acquisitions of intellectual property rights occurring after the dates of this Agreement; provided that each recipient of Securities pursuant to this clause (D) agrees that all such shares remain subject to restrictions substantially similar to those contained in this paragraph (k); or (E) the purchase or sale of the Company’s securities pursuant to a plan, contract or instruction that satisfies the requirements of Rule 10b5-1(c)(1)(i)(B) that was in effect prior to the date hereof. The Lock-Up Period will commence on the date hereof and continue for ninety (90) days after the date hereof or such earlier date that the Representative consents to in writing. If the Representative, in its sole discretion, agrees to release or waive the restrictions during the Lock-Up Period (as defined in the Lock-Up Agreement) for an officer or director of the Company and provide the Company with notice of the impending release or waiver at least three (3) Business Days before the effective date of the release or waiver, the Company agrees to announce the impending release or waiver by a press release through a major news service at least two (2) Business Days before the effective date of the release or waiver.

(l) Press Releases. Prior to the Closing Date, the Company agrees not to issue any press release or other communication directly or indirectly or hold any press conference with respect to the Company, its condition, financial or otherwise, or earnings, business affairs or business prospects (except for routine oral marketing communications in the ordinary course of business and consistent with the past practices of the Company and of which the Representative is notified), without the prior consent of the Representative, unless in the judgment of the Company and its counsel, and after notification to the Representative, such press release or communication is required by law.

(m) Further Assurances. The Company agrees to use its commercially reasonable efforts to do and perform all things required to be done or performed under this Agreement prior to the Closing Date and to satisfy all conditions precedent to the delivery of the Firm Securities or Optional Securities, as applicable.

(n) NASDAQ Listing. For a period of 2 years after the date of this Agreement, other than in the event of a Non-Surviving Transaction, the Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to maintain the registration of the shares of Common Stock on the Nasdaq CM.

6. Free Writing Prospectuses. The Company represents and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior consent of the Representative, and each Underwriter represents and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior consent of the Company and the Representative, it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Offered Securities that would constitute an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or that would otherwise constitute a “free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 405, required to be filed with the Commission. Any such free writing prospectus consented to by the Company and the Representative is hereinafter referred to as a “Permitted Free Writing Prospectus.” The Company represents that it has treated and agrees that it will treat each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, and will comply with the requirements of Rules 164 and 433 applicable to any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, including timely Commission filing where required, legending and record keeping.

7. Conditions of the Obligations of the Underwriters. The obligations of the several Underwriters to purchase and pay for the Firm Securities on the First Closing Date and the Optional Securities to be purchased on each Optional Closing Date will be subject to the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Company herein (as though made on such Closing Date), to the accuracy of the statements of Company officers made in any certificates or other documents delivered to the Underwriters in connection herewith, to the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder and to the following additional conditions precedent:

(a) Accountants’ Comfort Letter. The Representative shall have received letters, dated the date hereof and each Closing Date, of Marcum LLP confirming that they are a registered public accounting firm and independent public accountants within the meaning of the Securities Laws and in form and substance reasonably acceptable to the Representative (except that, in any letter dated a Closing Date, the specified date shall be a date no more than one day prior to such Closing Date).

(b) Filing of Prospectus. The Prospectus shall have been filed with the Commission in accordance with the Rules and Regulations and Section 5(a) hereof. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or of any part thereof shall have been issued and no proceedings for that purpose shall have been instituted or, to the knowledge of the Company or any Underwriter, shall be contemplated by the Commission.

(c) No Material Adverse Change. Subsequent to the execution and delivery of this Agreement, there shall not have occurred any of the following: (i) trading in securities generally on the New York Stock Exchange, Nasdaq Stock Market or the NYSE MKT LLC or in the over-the-counter market, or trading in any securities of the Company on any exchange or in the over-the-counter market, shall have been suspended or materially limited, or minimum or maximum prices or maximum range for prices shall have been established on any such exchange or such market by the Commission, by such exchange or market or by any other regulatory body or governmental authority having jurisdiction, (ii) a banking moratorium shall have been declared by federal or state authorities or a material disruption has occurred in commercial banking or securities settlement or clearance services in the United States, (iii) the United States shall have become engaged in hostilities, or the subject of an act of terrorism, or there shall have been an outbreak of or escalation in hostilities involving the United States, or there shall have been a declaration of a national emergency or war by the United States or (iv) there shall have occurred such a material adverse change in general economic, political or financial conditions (or the effect of international conditions on the financial markets in the United States shall be such) as to make it, in the judgment of the Representative, impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the sale or delivery of the Securities on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

(d) Opinion of Counsel for Company. The Representative shall have received an opinion and 10b-5 negative assurance letter, dated as of the applicable Closing Date, of Ellenoff, Grossman & Schole, LLP, counsel for the Company, in form and substance reasonably acceptable to the Representative.

(e) Opinion of IP Counsel for Company. The Representative shall have received an opinion letter, dated as of the applicable Closing Date, of Terry Fokas, intellectual property counsel for the Company, in form and substance reasonably acceptable to the Representative with respect to statements in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus regarding the Intellectual Property of the Company.

(f) Opinion of Counsel for Underwriters. The Representative shall have received from Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, such opinion or opinions and 10b-5 negative assurance letter, dated as of such Closing Date, with respect to such matters as the Representative may require, and the Company shall have furnished to such counsel such documents as they reasonably request for the purpose of enabling them to pass upon such matters.

(g) Officer’s Certificate. The Company shall have furnished to the Representative a certificate, dated as of such Closing Date, of its Chairman of the Board, its Chief Executive Officer or President and its Chief Financial Officer stating that (i) such officers have examined the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package, any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus and the Prospectus and, in their opinion, the Registration Statement and each amendment thereto, as of the Applicable Time and as of the date of this Agreement and as of such Closing Date, did not include any untrue statement of a material fact and did not omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and the General Disclosure Package, as of the Applicable Time and as of such Closing Date, any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as of its date and as of such Closing Date, the Prospectus, as of the respective date thereof and as of such Closing Date, did not include any untrue statement of a material fact and did not omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances in which they were made, not misleading, (ii) since the effective date of the Registration Statement, no event has occurred which should have been set forth in a supplement or amendment to the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus under the Securities Laws, (iii) to the their knowledge, as of such Closing Date, the representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and correct and the Company has complied with all agreements and satisfied all conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder at or prior to such Closing Date, and (iv) there has not been, subsequent to the date of the most recent audited financial statements included or incorporated by reference in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, any material adverse change in the financial position or results of operations of the Company or the Subsidiaries, or any change or development that, singularly or in the aggregate, would involve a material adverse change or a prospective material adverse change, in or affecting the condition (financial or otherwise), results of operations, business, assets or prospects of the Company or the Subsidiaries, except as set forth in General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

(h) Listing. Nasdaq CM shall have approved the Offering Securities for listing, subject only to official notice of issuance.

(i) No Objection. FINRA shall have confirmed that it has not raised any objection with respect to the fairness and reasonableness of the underwriting terms and arrangements relating to the offering of the Offered Securities.

(j) Lock-up Agreements. On or prior to the date hereof, the Representative shall have received lock-up letters in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A from the Company’s directors and executive officers.

(k) Conformed Copies; Waiver. The Company will furnish the Representative with such conformed copies of such opinions, certificates, letters and documents as the Representative reasonably request. The Representative may in its sole discretion waive on behalf of the Underwriters compliance with any conditions to the obligations of the Underwriters hereunder, whether in respect of an Optional Closing Date or otherwise.

(l) Proceedings. All proceedings taken in connection with the sale of the Firm Securities and the Optional Securities as herein contemplated shall be reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Representative and its legal counsel.

(m) Since the date of the most recent financial statements of the Company included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package, the Statutory Prospectus and the Prospectus, (i) there shall not have been any material change in the capital stock of the Company or any material change in the indebtedness (other than in the ordinary course of business) of the Company; (ii) except as set forth or contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Statutory Prospectus, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, no material oral or written agreement or other transaction shall have been entered into by the Company that is not in the ordinary course of business or that would reasonably be expected to result in a material reduction in the future earnings of the Company; (iii) no loss or damage (whether or not insured) to the property of the Company shall have been sustained that would have a Material Adverse Effect; (iv) no legal or governmental action, suit or proceeding affecting the Company or any of its properties that is material to the Company or that materially affects or would reasonably be expected to materially affect the transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall have been instituted or threatened; and (v) there shall not have been any material change in the assets, properties, condition (financial or otherwise), or in the results of operations, business affairs or business prospects of the Company that makes it impractical or inadvisable in the Representative’s reasonable judgment to proceed with the purchase or offering of the Shares as contemplated hereby.

(n) No action shall have been taken and no law, statute, rule, regulation or order shall have been enacted, adopted or issued by any governmental agency or body which would prevent the issuance or sale of the Offered Securities or materially and adversely affect the business or operations of the Company; and no injunction, restraining order or order of any other nature by any federal or state court of competent jurisdiction shall have been issued which would prevent the issuance or sale of the Offered Securities or materially and adversely affect the business or operations of the Company.

(o) As of each Closing Date, the Representative shall have received a certificate of the Company signed by the Secretary of the Company, certifying: (i) that the Certificate of Incorporation and bylaws of the Company are true and complete, have not been modified and are in full force and effect; (ii) that the resolutions relating to the Offering are in full force and effect and have not been modified; and (iii) as to the incumbency of the officers of the Company to execute and deliver this Agreement and the Registration Statement.

(p) The Company shall have furnished or caused to be furnished to the Representative such further customary certificates or documents as the Representative shall have reasonably requested.

8. Indemnification and Contribution.

(a) Indemnification of Underwriters. The Company will indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, its partners, members, directors, officers, employees, agents, affiliates and each person, if any, who controls such Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act (each, an “Indemnified Party”), against any and all losses, claims, damages or liabilities, joint or several, to which such Indemnified Party may become subject, under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, other federal or state statutory law or regulation or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of any material fact contained in any part of the Registration Statement, any Statutory Prospectus as of any time, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and will reimburse each Indemnified Party for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such Indemnified Party in connection with investigating or defending against any loss, claim, damage, liability, action, litigation, investigation or proceeding whatsoever (whether or not such Indemnified Party is a party thereto), whether threatened or commenced, and in connection with the enforcement of this provision with respect to any of the above as such expenses are incurred; provided, however, that the Company will not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage or liability arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement in or omission or alleged omission from any of such documents in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by any Underwriter through the Representative specifically for use therein, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the information described as such in subsection (b) below.

(b) Indemnification of Company. Each Underwriter will severally and not jointly indemnify and hold harmless the Company, each of its directors and each of its officers who signs a Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act (each, an “Underwriter Indemnified Party”), against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which such Underwriter Indemnified Party may become subject, under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, other federal or state statutory law or regulation or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of any material fact contained in any part of the Registration Statement, any Statutory Prospectus as of any time, the Prospectus, or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or the alleged omission of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, in each case to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by such Underwriter through the Representative specifically for use therein, and will reimburse any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such Underwriter Indemnified Party in connection with investigating or defending against any such loss, claim, damage, liability, action, litigation, investigation or proceeding whatsoever (whether or not such Underwriter Indemnified Party is a party thereto), whether threatened or commenced, based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission as such expenses are incurred, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the following information in the “Underwriting” section of the Prospectus: the paragraphs under the headings (A) “Price Stabilization, Short Positions and Penalty Bids” and (B) “Electronic Distribution” provided, however, that the obligation of each Underwriter to indemnify the Company (including any controlling person, director or officer thereof) shall be limited to the amount of the underwriting discount and commissions applicable to the Offered Securities to be purchased by such Underwriter hereunder.

(c) Actions against Parties; Notification. Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under this Section of notice of the commencement of any action, such indemnified party will, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against the indemnifying party under subsection (a) or (b) above, notify the indemnifying party of the commencement thereof; but the failure to notify the indemnifying party shall not relieve it from any liability that it may have under subsection (a) or (b) above except to the extent that it has been materially prejudiced (through the forfeiture of substantive rights or defenses) by such failure; and provided further that the failure to notify the indemnifying party shall not relieve it from any liability that it may have to an indemnified party otherwise than under subsection (a) or (b) above. In case any such action is brought against any indemnified party and it notifies the indemnifying party of the commencement thereof, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate therein and, to the extent that it may wish, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense thereof, with counsel satisfactory to such indemnified party (who shall not, except with the consent of the indemnified party, be counsel to the indemnifying party), and after notice from the indemnifying party to such indemnified party of its election so to assume the defense thereof, the indemnifying party will not be liable to such indemnified party under this Section for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by such indemnified party in connection with the defense thereof except as set forth below. Notwithstanding the indemnifying party's election to appoint counsel to represent the indemnified party in an action, the indemnified party shall have the right to employ separate counsel (including local counsel), and the indemnifying party shall bear the reasonable fees, costs and expenses of such separate counsel if (i) the use of counsel chosen by the indemnifying party to represent the indemnified party would present such counsel with a conflict of interest, (ii) the actual or potential defendants in, or targets of, any such action include both the indemnified party and the indemnifying party and the indemnified party shall have reasonably concluded that there may be legal defenses available to it and/or other indemnified parties which are different from or additional to those available to the indemnifying party, (iii) the indemnifying party shall not have employed counsel satisfactory to the indemnified party to represent the indemnified party within a reasonable time after notice of the institution of such action or (iv) the indemnifying party shall authorize the indemnified party to employ separate counsel at the expense of the indemnifying party. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the indemnified party, effect any settlement of any pending or threatened action in respect of which any indemnified party is or could have been a party and indemnity could have been sought hereunder by such indemnified party unless such settlement (i) includes an unconditional release of such indemnified party from all liability on any claims that are the subject matter of such action and (ii) does not include a statement as to, or an admission of, fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of an indemnified party.

(d) Contribution. If the indemnification provided for in this Section is unavailable or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party under subsection (a) or (b) above, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to in subsection (a) or (b) above (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other from the offering of the Offered Securities or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) above is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other in connection with the statements or omissions which resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total net proceeds from the offering (before deducting expenses) received by the Company bear to the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by the Underwriters. The relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or the Underwriters and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such untrue statement or omission. The amount paid by an indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to in the first sentence of this subsection (d) shall be deemed to include any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any action or claim which is the subject of this subsection (d). Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection (d), no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total commissions and discounts at which the Securities underwritten by it and distributed to the public were offered to the public exceeds the amount of any damages which such Underwriter has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The Underwriters’ obligations in this subsection (d) to contribute are several in proportion to their respective underwriting obligations and not joint. The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 8(d) were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in this Section 8(d).

9. Default of Underwriters. If any Underwriter or Underwriters default in their obligations to purchase Offered Securities hereunder on either the First or any Optional Closing Date and the aggregate number of shares of Offered Securities that such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed to purchase does not exceed 10% of the total number of shares of Offered Securities that the Underwriters are obligated to purchase on such Closing Date, the Representative may make arrangements satisfactory to the Company for the purchase of such Offered Securities by other persons, including any of the Underwriters, but if no such arrangements are made by such Closing Date, the non-defaulting Underwriters shall be obligated severally, in proportion to their respective commitments hereunder, to purchase the Offered Securities that such defaulting Underwriters agreed but failed to purchase on such Closing Date. If any Underwriter or Underwriters so default and the aggregate number of shares of Offered Securities with respect to which such default or defaults occur exceeds 10% of the total number of shares of Offered Securities that the Underwriters are obligated to purchase on such Closing Date and arrangements satisfactory to the Representative and the Company for the purchase of such Offered Securities by other persons are not made within 36 hours after such default, this Agreement will terminate without liability on the part of any non-defaulting Underwriter or the Company, except as provided in Section 10 (provided that if such default occurs with respect to Optional Securities after the First Closing Date, this Agreement will not terminate as to the Firm Securities or any Optional Securities purchased prior to such termination). As used in this Agreement, the term “Underwriter” includes any person substituted for an Underwriter under this Section. Nothing herein will relieve a defaulting Underwriter from liability for its default.

10. Survival of Certain Representations and Obligations. The respective indemnities, agreements, representations, warranties and other statements of the Company or its officers and of the several Underwriters set forth in or made pursuant to this Agreement will remain in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation, or statement as to the results thereof, made by or on behalf of any Underwriter, the Company or any of their respective representatives, officers or directors or any controlling person, and will survive delivery of and payment for the Offered Securities. If the purchase of the Offered Securities by the Underwriters is not consummated for any reason other than solely because of the termination of this Agreement pursuant to Sections 9 and 11 hereof, the Company will reimburse the Underwriters for all out-of-pocket expenses (including fees and disbursements of counsel) reasonably incurred by them in connection with the offering of the Offered Securities, and the respective obligations of the Company and the Underwriters pursuant to Section 8 hereof shall remain in effect. In addition, if any Offered Securities have been purchased hereunder, the representations and warranties in Section 2 and all obligations under Section 5 shall also remain in effect

11. Termination of Agreement.

(a) Termination by the Representative. The Representative may terminate this Agreement, by notice to the Company, at any time at or prior to the Closing Date (i) if there has been, since the time of execution of this Agreement or since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Prospectus or General Disclosure Package, any Material Adverse Effect, which, in the reasonable judgment of the Representative is material and adverse and makes it impractical or inadvisable to market the Securities, (ii) if trading in any securities of the Company has been suspended or materially limited by the Commission or the Nasdaq Global Market, or if trading in securities generally on the New York Stock Exchange, Nasdaq Stock Market or the NYSE MKT LLC or in the over-the-counter market, or trading in any securities of the Company on any exchange or in the over-the-counter market, shall have been suspended or materially limited, or minimum or maximum prices or maximum range for prices shall have been established on any such exchange or such market by the Commission, by such exchange or market or by any other regulatory body or governmental authority having jurisdiction, (iii) a banking moratorium shall have been declared by federal or state authorities or a material disruption has occurred in commercial banking or securities settlement or clearance services in the United States, (iv) the United States shall have become engaged in hostilities, or the subject of an act of terrorism, or there shall have been an outbreak of or escalation in hostilities involving the United States, or there shall have been a declaration of a national emergency or war by the United States or (v) there shall have occurred such a material adverse change in general economic, political or financial conditions (or the effect of international conditions on the financial markets in the United States shall be such) as to make it, in the judgment of the Representative, impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the sale or delivery of the Securities on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

(b) Liabilities. If this Agreement is terminated pursuant to this Section, such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party; provided, further, that Sections 8 and 10 shall survive such termination and remain in full force and effect.

(c) Termination of Lock-Up Agreements. In the event this Agreement is terminated for any reason, the Representative shall contemporaneously terminate or waive in their entirety the agreements referred to in Section 7(j) of this Agreement.

12. Notices. All notices and other communications hereunder will be in writing and will be deemed to have been duly given if mailed or transmitted by any standard form of telecommunication. Notices to the Underwriters shall be directed to the Representative at Laidlaw & Company (UK) Ltd., 546 Fifth Avenue, 5^th Floor, New York, New York 10036, Attention: Francis Ryan Smith, Vice President – Investment Banking, Email: ***@*** with a copy to Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton LLP, 30 Rockefeller Plaza, 39^nd Floor, New York, New York 10112, Attention: Richard A. Friedman, Esq., Fax: (212) 653-8701, Notices to the Company shall be directed to it at Spherix Incorporated, One Rockefeller Plaza, 11^th Floor, New York, New York 10020, Attention: Anthony Hayes, Chief Executive Officer, E-mail: ***@*** with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to Ellenoff, Grossman & Schole LLP, 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10105, Attention: Robert F. Charron, Esq., Fax: (212) 370-7889.

13. Binding Effect; No Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement will inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective successors and, with respect to Section 8 only, the officers and directors and controlling persons referred to therein, and for the benefit of no other person, firm or corporation.

14. Representation of Underwriters. The Representative will act for the several Underwriters in connection with this financing, and any action under this Agreement taken by the Representative will be binding upon all the Underwriters.

15. Waiver of Jury Trial. The Company and each Underwriter hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby

16. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute one and the same Agreement. Delivery of a signed counterpart of this Agreement by facsimile or email/pdf transmission shall constitute valid and sufficient delivery thereof.

17. Absence of Fiduciary Relationship. The Company acknowledges and agrees that:

(a) No Other Relationship. The Representative has been retained solely to act as an underwriter in connection with the sale of Offered Securities and that no fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship between the Company and the Representative have been created in respect of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the Prospectus, irrespective of whether the Representative has advised or is advising the Company on other matters;

(b) Arms’ Length Negotiations. The price of the Offered Securities set forth in this Agreement was established by the Company following discussions and arms-length negotiations with the Representative and the Company is capable of evaluating and understanding and understands and accepts the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement;

(c) Absence of Obligation to Disclose. The Company has been advised that the Representative and their affiliates are engaged in a broad range of transactions which may involve interests that differ from those of the Company and that the Representative have no obligation to disclose such interests and transactions to the Company by virtue of any fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship; and

18. Headings. The section headings in this Agreement are for the convenience of the parties only and will not affect the construction or interpretation of this Agreement.

19. Applicable Law and Jurisdiction. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York, without reference to its conflicts of law principles. The Company and each Underwriter hereby submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the federal and state courts in the Borough of Manhattan in The City of New York in any suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby. The Company and each Underwriter irrevocably and unconditionally waives any objection to the laying of venue of any suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby in federal and state courts in the Borough of Manhattan in The City of New York and irrevocably and unconditionally waives and agrees not to plead or claim in any such court that any such suit or proceeding in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum.

20. Integration. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties to this Agreement and supersedes all prior written or oral and all contemporaneous oral agreements, understandings and negotiations with respect to the subject matter hereof.

21. Interpretation. In this Agreement, the masculine, feminine and neuter genders and the singular and the plural include one another. The section headings in this Agreement are for the convenience of the parties only and will not affect the construction or interpretation of this Agreement.

22. Amendments. This Agreement may be amended or modified, and the observance of any term of this Agreement may be waived, only by a writing signed by the Company and the Representative.

23. Partial Unenforceability. The invalidity or unenforceability of any section, paragraph, clause or provision of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other section, paragraph, clause or provision hereof. If any section, paragraph, clause or provision of this Agreement is for any reason determined to be invalid or unenforceable, there shall be deemed to be made such minor changes (and only such minor changes) as are necessary to make such invalid section, paragraph, clause or provision of this Agreement valid and enforceable.

(Remainder of page intentionally left blank. Signature page to follow.)

If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding of our agreement, kindly sign and return to the Company one of the counterparts hereof, whereupon it will become a binding agreement between the Company and the several Underwriters in accordance with its terms.

	Very truly yours,

	SPHERIX INCORPORATED

	By:
		Anthony Hayes
		Chief Executive Officer

	The foregoing Underwriting Agreement is hereby confirmed and accepted as of the date first above written.

Laidlaw & Company (UK) Ltd.

By:
	Name:	Hugh Regan
	Title:	Executive Director

[Signature Page to Underwriting Agreement]

SCHEDULE A

Underwriter	Number of Firm Securities			Number of Optional Securities
Laidlaw & Company (UK) Ltd.		[*	]		[*	]

Total		[*	]		[*	]

SCHEDULE B

General Use Free Writing Prospectuses (included in the General Disclosure Package)

None.

Other Information Included in the General Disclosure Package

The following information is also included in the General Disclosure Package:

EXHIBIT A

Form of Lock-Up Agreement

[•], 2017

Laidlaw & Company (UK) Ltd.

As Representative of the Several Underwriters

546 Fifth Avenue, 5 ^th Floor

New York, New York 10036

Ladies and Gentlemen:

This Lock-Up Agreement (this “Agreement”) is being delivered to you in connection with the proposed Underwriting Agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) between Spherix Incorporated, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and Laidlaw & Company (UK) Ltd. (“you” or “Representative”), as representative of a group of underwriters (collectively, the “Underwriters”), to be named therein, and the other parties thereto (if any), relating to the proposed public offering (the “Offering”) of shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), of the Company.

In order to induce the Representative and the other Underwriters to enter into the Underwriting Agreement, and in light of the benefits that the Offering of the Securities will confer upon the undersigned in its capacity as a securityholder and/or an officer or a director of the Company, and for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the undersigned agrees with each Underwriter that, during the period beginning on and including the date of the Underwriting Agreement through and including the date that is the 90^th day after the date of the Underwriting Agreement (the “Lock-Up Period”), the undersigned will not, without the prior written consent of Representative, directly or indirectly, (i) offer, sell, assign, transfer, pledge, contract to sell, or otherwise dispose of, or announce the intention to otherwise dispose of, any shares of Common Stock now owed or hereafter acquired by the undersigned or with respect to which the undersigned has or hereafter acquires the power of disposition (including, without limitation, Common Stock which may be deemed to be beneficially owned by the undersigned in accordance with the rules and regulations promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and as the same may be amended or supplemented on or after the date hereof from time to time (the “Securities Act”) (such shares, the “Beneficially Owned Shares”)) or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, (ii) enter into any swap, hedge or similar agreement or arrangement that transfers in whole or in part, the economic risk of ownership of the Beneficially Owned Shares or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, whether now owned or hereafter acquired by the undersigned or with respect to which the undersigned has or hereafter acquires the power of disposition, or (iii) engage in any short selling of the Common Stock.

If the undersigned is an officer or director of the Company, (i) Representative agrees that, at least three business days before the effective date of any release or waiver of the foregoing restrictions in connection with a transfer of shares of Common Stock, Representative will notify the Company of the impending release or waiver, and (ii) the Company has agreed in the Underwriting Agreement to announce the impending release or waiver by press release through a major news service at least two business days before the effective date of the release or waiver. Any release or waiver granted by Representative hereunder to any such officer or director shall only be effective two business days after the publication date of such press release. The provisions of this paragraph will not apply if (a) the release or waiver is effected solely to permit a transfer not for consideration and (b) the transferee has agreed in writing to be bound by the same terms described in this Agreement to the extent and for the duration that such terms remain in effect at the time of the transfer.

The restrictions set forth in this Agreement shall not apply to:

(1) if the undersigned is a natural person, any transfers made by the undersigned (a) as a bona fide gift to any member of the immediate family (as defined below) of the undersigned or to a trust the beneficiaries of which are exclusively the undersigned or members of the undersigned’s immediate family, (b) by will or intestate succession upon the death of the undersigned, (c) as a bona fide gift to a charity or educational institution, (d) by operation of law, including domestic relations orders, or (e) if the undersigned is or was an officer, director or employee of the Company, to the Company pursuant to the Company’s right of repurchase upon termination of the undersigned’s service with the Company;

(2) if the undersigned is a corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other business entity, any transfers to any shareholder, partner or member of, or owner of a similar equity interest in, the undersigned, as the case may be, if, in any such case, such transfer is not for value;

(3) the exercise by the undersigned of any stock option(s) issued pursuant to the Company’s existing stock option plans or arrangements, including any exercise effected by the delivery of shares of Common Stock of the Company held by the undersigned; provided, that, the Common Stock received upon such exercise shall remain subject to the restrictions provided for in this Agreement;

(4) the exercise by the undersigned of any warrant(s) issued by the Company prior to the date of this Agreement, including any exercise effected by the delivery of shares of Common Stock of the Company held by the undersigned; provided, that, the Common Stock received upon such exercise shall remain subject to the restrictions provided for in this Agreement;

(6) any transfers as a forfeiture of shares of Common Stock to the Company in a transaction exempt from Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act in connection with the payment of taxes due upon the exercise of options to purchase Common Stock or vesting of other Company securities pursuant to the Company’s existing employee benefit plans;

(7) the occurrence after the date hereof of any of the following: (a) an acquisition by an individual or legal entity or “group” (as described in Rule 13d-5(b)(1) promulgated under the Exchange Act) of effective control (whether through legal or beneficial ownership of capital stock of the Company, by contract or otherwise) of 100% of the voting securities of the Company, (b) the Company merges into or consolidates with any other entity, or any entity merges into or consolidates with the Company, or (c) the Company sells or transfers all or substantially all of its assets to another person; provided, that, the Common Stock received upon any of the events set forth in clauses (a) through (c) above shall remain subject to the restrictions provided for in this Agreement;

(8) transfers consented to, in writing, by Representative;

provided, however, that in the case of any transfer described in clause (1), or (2) above, it shall be a condition to the transfer that (A) the transferee executes and delivers to Representative, acting on behalf of the Underwriters, not later than one business day prior to such transfer, a written agreement, in substantially the form of this Agreement (it being understood that any references to “immediate family” in the agreement executed by such transferee shall expressly refer only to the immediate family of the undersigned and not to the immediate family of the transferee) and otherwise satisfactory in form and substance to Representative, and (B) if the undersigned is required to file a report under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act reporting a reduction in beneficial ownership of shares of Common Stock or Beneficially Owned Shares or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or Beneficially Owned Shares during the Lock-Up Period, the undersigned shall include a statement in such report to the effect that, in the case of any transfer pursuant to clause (1) above, such transfer is being made as a gift or by will or intestate succession or, in the case of any transfer pursuant to clause (2) above, such transfer is being made to a shareholder, partner or member of, or owner of a similar equity interest in, the undersigned and is not a transfer for value. In addition, the restrictions sets forth herein shall not prevent the undersigned from entering into a sales plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act after the date hereof, provided that (i) a copy of such plan is provided to Representative promptly upon entering into the same and (ii) no sales or transfers may be made under such plan until the Lock-Up Period ends or this Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms. For purposes of this paragraph, “immediate family” shall mean a spouse, domestic partner, child, grandchild or other lineal descendant (including by adoption), father, mother, brother or sister of the undersigned; and “affiliate” shall have the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

The undersigned further agrees that (i) it will not, during the Lock-Up Period, make any demand or request for or exercise any right with respect to the registration under the Securities Act of any shares of Common Stock or other Beneficially Owned Shares or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or other Beneficially Owned Shares, and (ii) the Company may, with respect to any Common Stock or other Beneficially Owned Shares or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or other Beneficially Owned Shares owned or held (of record or beneficially) by the undersigned, cause the transfer agent or other registrar to enter stop transfer instructions and implement stop transfer procedures with respect to such securities during the Lock-Up Period. In addition, the undersigned hereby waives, from the date hereof until the expiration of the Lock-Up Period and any extension of such period pursuant to the terms hereof, any and all rights, if any, to request or demand registration pursuant to the Securities Act of any shares of Common Stock that are registered in the name of the undersigned or that are Beneficially Owned Shares.

The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the undersigned has full power and authority to enter into this Agreement and that this Agreement has been duly authorized (if the undersigned is not a natural person), executed and delivered by the undersigned and is a valid and binding agreement of the undersigned. This Agreement and all authority herein conferred are irrevocable and shall survive the death or incapacity of the undersigned (if a natural person) and shall be binding upon the heirs, personal representatives, successors and assigns of the undersigned.

The undersigned understands that, if (i) the Company notifies the Representative in writing that it does not intend to proceed with the Offering, (ii) the execution of the Underwriting Agreement has not occurred prior to [*], 2017, or (iii) the Underwriting Agreement (other than the provisions thereof which survive termination) shall terminate or be terminated prior to payment for and delivery of the Common Stock to be sold thereunder, then this Agreement shall be thereby terminated and of no further force or effect.

This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York without regard to conflict of laws principles thereof.

	Very truly yours,


	(Name - Please Print)


	(Signature)


	(Name of Signatory, in the case of entities - Please Print)


	(Title of Signatory, in the case of entities - Please Print)

	Address: