Form of Indemnification Agreement

The Business Corporations Act (Ontario)(the “OBCA”) permits, and in some cases requires, the Corporation to indemnify individuals who are or were directors and officers of the Corporation, or who act or acted at the Corporation’s request as directors or officers or in a similar capacity of other entities (an “Other Entity”, a term which, for the purposes of this indemnification agreement (the “Agreement”) shall include a corporation or other entity that becomes an Other Entity in the future). In this Agreement:

all such individuals, including those acting in a capacity similar to a director and/or officer of an Other Entity, are referred to as “Directors” and “Officers”, respectively, and the phrase “Director and Officer” means an individual who is or was either, or both, a Director and/or an Officer;

unless the context otherwise requires, words importing the singular include the plural and vice versa and words importing gender include all genders; and

unless otherwise indicated, references to sections are to sections in this Agreement;

The Corporation’s By-Laws require the Corporation to indemnify Directors and Officers;

It is desirable for Directors and Officers to obtain a contractual indemnity from the corporations they serve; and

It is in the best interests of the Corporation to attract and retain responsible and capable Directors and Officers, and the entering into of an agreement containing broad indemnification provisions of the kind contained in this Agreement is of vital importance to achieving these goals. Accordingly, the Corporation and the Indemnified Party wish to enter into this Agreement, and in so doing affirm that they intend that all the provisions of this Agreement be given legal effect to the full extent permitted by applicable law.

Subject to sections 2 and 3, the Corporation agrees to indemnify and save harmless the Indemnified Party to the full extent allowed by law:

from and against all costs, charges and expenses reasonably incurred by the Indemnified Party in respect of any civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or other proceeding to which the Indemnified Party is made a party by reason of being or having been a Director and Officer; and

from and against all liabilities, damages, costs, charges and expenses whatsoever that the Indemnified Party may sustain or incur as a result of serving as a Director and Officer in respect of any act, matter, deed or thing whatsoever made, done, committed, permitted or acquiesced in

by the Indemnified Party as a Director and Officer, whether before or after the effective date of this Agreement.

Indemnification under section 1shall be made only if the Indemnified Party:

acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of either the Corporation or the Other Entity, as the case may be; and

in the case of a criminal or administrative proceeding that is enforced by a monetary penalty, the Indemnified Party had reasonable grounds for believing that the Indemnified Party’s conduct was lawful.

In accordance with the OBCA, in conjunction with a derivative action involving an action by or on behalf of the Corporation or an Other Entity to procure a judgment in its favour, to which the Indemnified Party is made a party by reason of being or having been a Director or Officer of the Corporation or the Other Entity, indemnification under section 1, including the making of Expense Advances under section 9, shall be made only after obtaining approval of the court having jurisdiction. In the event that the approval of the Ontario Superior Court of Justice or any other court is required to effect any indemnification granted hereunder, the Corporation agrees to use its commercially reasonable efforts to obtain such court’s approval to such indemnification.

For the purposes of this Agreement:

“proceeding” shall include a claim, demand, suit, action, proceeding or investigation, whether anticipated, threatened, pending, commenced, continuing or completed, and any appeal or appeals therefrom;

“costs, charges and expenses” shall include:

subject to section 14, an amount paid to settle an action or satisfy a judgment, except in respect of an action to which section 3, above, is applicable;

a fine, penalty, levy or charge paid to any domestic or foreign government (federal, provincial, state, municipal or otherwise) or to any regulatory authority, agency, commission or board of any domestic or foreign government, or imposed by any court or any other law, regulation or rule-making entity having jurisdiction in the relevant circumstances (collectively, a “Governmental Authority”), including as a result of a breach or alleged breach of any statutory or common law duty imposed on directors or officers or of any law, statute, rule or regulation or of any provision of the articles, by-laws or any resolution of the Corporation or an Other Entity;

an amount paid to satisfy a liability arising as a result of the failure of the Corporation or an Other Entity to pay wages, vacation pay and any other amounts that may be owing to employees or to make contributions that may be required to be made to any pension plan, retirement income plan or other benefit plan for employees or to remit to any Governmental Authority payroll deductions, income taxes or other taxes, or any other amounts payable by the Corporation or an Other Entity;

legal costs on a full indemnity basis, including those incurred in enforcing the Indemnified Party’s rights under this Agreement; and

all costs, charges and expenses reasonably incurred by the Indemnified Party in investigating a proceeding; and

the Indemnified Party shall be considered to have been made a “party” to any proceeding if the Indemnified Party has any participation whatsoever in such proceeding, including merely as a witness.

Upon the Indemnified Party becoming aware of any proceeding which may give rise to indemnification under this Agreement, the Indemnified Party shall give written notice to the Corporation, directed to its Chief Executive Officer, as soon as is practicable, provided, however, that failure to give notice in a timely fashion shall not disentitle the Indemnified Party to indemnification unless the Corporation suffers actual prejudice by reason of the delay. Similarly, upon the Corporation becoming aware of any proceeding which may give rise to indemnification under this Agreement, the Corporation agrees to as promptly as practicable notify the Indemnified Party and, if deemed necessary by the Corporation acting reasonably, to as promptly as practicable retain counsel to represent the Indemnified Party in such action, claim, demand or proceeding and the Corporation agrees to pay all of the fees and disbursements of such counsel relating thereto.

In any such action, claim, demand or proceeding, the Indemnified Party shall have the right to retain other counsel to act on the Indemnified Party’s behalf provided that the fees and disbursements of such other counsel shall be paid by the Indemnified Party unless:

the Indemnified Party and the Corporation shall have mutually agreed to the retention of such other counsel; or

the named parties to any such action, claim, demand or proceeding (including any added third, or interpleaded parties) include the Indemnified Party and the Corporation or one or more of the Other Entities and representation of both parties by the same counsel would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interests between them (including the availability of different defences);

The Corporation may conduct any investigation it considers appropriate of any proceeding of which it receives notice under section 5, and shall pay all costs of that investigation.

The intention of this Agreement is to provide the Indemnified Party indemnification to the fullest extent permitted by law and without limiting the generality of the foregoing and notwithstanding anything contained herein:

nothing in this Agreement shall be interpreted, by implication or otherwise, in limitation of the scope of the indemnification provided in section 1(other than as set forth in section 2); provided that the Indemnified Party shall not be entitled to duplication of indemnification thereunder in respect of the same damage, liability, cost, charge or expense;

section 1is intended to provide indemnification to the Indemnified Party to the fullest extent permitted by the OBCA, and, in the event that the OBCA is amended to permit a broader scope of indemnification (including, without limitation, the deletion or limiting of one or more of the provisos to the applicability of indemnification), section 1shall, from the date of such amendment, be deemed to be amended concurrently with the amendment to the statute so as to provide such broader indemnification;

the indemnification and Expense Advances provided for by this Agreement shall not be deemed to derogate from or exclude any other rights to which the Indemnified Party may be entitled under any provision of the OBCA or otherwise at law, or pursuant to the articles, the by-laws, any other constating or equivalent documents or instruments or any vote of shareholders of the Corporation or any one or more of the Other Entities, this Agreement or otherwise; and

the Corporation agrees that none of the Indemnified Party or the Indemnified Party’s heirs, successors or legal representatives shall have any liability to, and the Corporation hereby releases and discharges the Indemnified Party, and the Indemnified Party’s heirs, successors and legal representatives, from and against all damages, liabilities, costs, charges or expenses incurred or suffered by, the Corporation or any affiliate (as defined in the OBCA) in connection with the Indemnified Party being or having been a Director of any one or more of the Corporation or the Other Entity or by reason of any action taken, or omission to take action, by

the Indemnified Party in his capacity as a Director of any of the Corporation or the Other Entity, provided that the release and discharge contained in this sub-paragraph shall not apply to damages, liabilities, costs, charges and expenses incurred or suffered by the Corporation as a direct result of the Indemnified Party’s own fraud, dishonesty, bad faith, or wilful default or misconduct.

The parties wish to facilitate the payment by the Indemnified Party of ongoing costs in connection with any proceeding for which indemnification under this Agreement is provided. Accordingly, the parties agree as follows:

subject to section 9.2below, the Corporation shall, upon demand, make advances (“Expense Advances”) to the Indemnified Party of all reasonable amounts for which the Indemnified Party seeks indemnification under this Agreement before the final disposition of the relevant proceeding. In connection with such demand, the Indemnified Party shall provide the Corporation with a written affirmation of the Indemnified Party’s good faith belief that the Indemnified Party has met the Standards of Conduct, along with sufficient particulars of the costs, charges and expenses to be covered by the proposed Expense Advance to enable the Corporation to make an assessment of its reasonableness;

the Corporation shall have no obligation to make Expense Advances to the Indemnified Party unless and until a majority of those members of the Corporation’s board of directors who have no interest in the relevant proceeding, authorize the making of such advances to the Indemnified Party. The board of directors may, before authorizing Expense Advances, retain independent counsel or make any inquiries it considers appropriate in the circumstances for the purpose of confirming the Indemnified Party’s compliance with the Standards of Conduct and entitlement to indemnity. The board of directors shall have discretion in deciding whether or not to authorize such advances, but shall exercise its discretion reasonably, in light of all relevant circumstances, and in good faith; and

the Indemnified Party shall repay to the Corporation, upon demand, all Expense Advances if and to the extent that it is determined, either by the Corporation’s board of directors or by a court of competent jurisdiction, that the Indemnified Party had not met the Standards of Conduct or is otherwise not entitled to indemnification. The Indemnified Party’s obligation to reimburse the Corporation for Expense Advances shall be unsecured and no interest shall be charged thereon.

If the Corporation is obliged to pay any amount pursuant to this Agreement (including, without limitation, the indemnities in section 1 or the making of Expense Advances under section 9), the Indemnified Party agrees:

where such payment is not permitted to be paid by law or pursuant to this Agreement, as established in a final judicial determination which is not, or which is no longer, subject to appeal, then the Indemnified Party shall repay such amounts to the Corporation within thirty (30) days of such written request for reimbursement; and

if the Indemnified Party subsequently receives indemnification or reimbursement in respect of all or any part of such payment from a source other than the Corporation, the amounts so advanced and paid by the Corporation shall be repaid by the Indemnified Party to the Corporation within thirty (30) days of a written request for repayment to the extent that the Indemnified Party has received indemnification or reimbursement from such other source.

The indemnities in section 1shall not apply in respect of any proceeding initiated by the Indemnified Party against:

the Corporation or an Other Entity, unless it is brought to establish or enforce any right under this Agreement;

any Director or Officer unless the Corporation or the Other Entity, as the case may be, has joined in or consented to the initiation of such proceeding; or

any other corporation, partnership, trust, joint venture, unincorporated entity or person, unless it is a counterclaim.

Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the Corporation shall not be permitted to:

indemnify the Indemnified Party if a final decision by a court of competent jurisdiction determines that such indemnification is prohibited by applicable law;

indemnify the Indemnified Party for the disgorgement of profits arising from the purchase or sale by the Indemnified Party of securities of the Corporation in violation of the Securities Act (Ontario), Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or any similar legislation; or

indemnify the Indemnified Party against the loss of erroneously awarded compensation under Rule 10D-1 under the Exchange Act.

The Corporation shall be entitled to participate, at its own expense, in the defence of any proceeding. If the Corporation so elects after receipt of notice of a proceeding, or the Indemnified Party in that notice so directs, the Corporation shall assume control of the negotiation, settlement or defence of the proceeding, in which case the defence shall be conducted by counsel chosen by the Corporation and reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Party. If the Corporation elects to assume control of the defence, the Indemnified Party shall have the right to participate in the negotiation, settlement or defence of the proceeding and to retain counsel to act on the Indemnified Party’s behalf, provided that the fees and disbursements of that counsel shall be paid by the Indemnified Party unless otherwise provided for by section 6hereof. The Indemnified Party and the Corporation shall cooperate fully with each other and their respective counsel in the investigation related to, and defence of, any proceeding and shall make available to each other all relevant books, records, documents and files and shall otherwise use their best efforts to assist each other’s counsel to conduct a proper and adequate defence.

The parties wish to encourage the settlement of any proceeding. Accordingly, the parties agree as follows:

the Corporation may, with the prior written consent of the Indemnified Party (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed), enter into an agreement to settle any proceeding;

if the Indemnified Party refuses after requested by the Corporation, acting reasonably, to give consent to the terms of a proposed settlement which is otherwise acceptable to the Corporation, the Corporation may require the Indemnified Party to negotiate or defend the proceeding independently of the Corporation. In that case, any amount recovered by the claimant in excess of the amount for which settlement could have been made by the Corporation shall not be recoverable under this Agreement, and the Corporation will only be responsible for costs, charges and expenses up to the time at which settlement could have been made;

the Corporation shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its prior written consent (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed);

the Indemnified Party shall have the right to negotiate a settlement in respect of any proceeding against the Indemnified Party, provided that unless the Corporation has approved the settlement, the Indemnified Party shall pay any compensation or other payment to be made under the settlement and the costs of negotiating and implementing the settlement, and shall not seek indemnity from the Corporation in respect of such compensation, payment or costs; and

the settlement of a proceeding shall not create a presumption that the Indemnified Party did not meet or would not have met the Standards of Conduct.

The Corporation shall make reasonable best efforts to ensure that all liabilities of the Corporation under this Agreement are at all times covered by directors’ and officers’ liability insurance with a responsible insurer to cover the liabilities of the Corporation under this Agreement. In this regard, the parties agree that:

the responsibility for obtaining and maintaining directors’ and officers’ liability insurance shall rest with a senior manager of the Corporation, who shall retain an insurance broker or other person having expertise and experience in directors’ and officers’ liability insurance;

the Corporation shall provide to the Indemnified Party a copy of each policy of insurance providing the coverages contemplated by this section 15promptly after such coverage is obtained, and shall promptly notify the Indemnified Party if the insurer cancels or refuses to renew such coverage (or any part of such coverage);

coverage need not be obtained for any liabilities of the Corporation under this Agreement if the coverage is not generally available from responsible insurers, or is available from one or more responsible insurers but at a cost which, in the opinion of the Corporation, acting reasonably and taking into account the financial condition and size of the Corporation and the nature of its business, is excessive (for greater certainty, the board of directors of the Corporation determined that, effective as of April 30, 2020, coverage would not be obtained for the reason of excessive cost); and

the Corporation shall not do any act or thing (including changing insurers) or fail to do any act or thing, that could cause or result in a denial of insurance coverage or of any claim under such coverage; without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Corporation shall give prompt and proper notice to the insurer of any claim against the Indemnified Party.

Should any payment made pursuant to this Agreement, including, without limitation, an amount paid or payable on account of insurance premiums or made by an insurer under an insurance policy, be deemed to constitute a taxable benefit or otherwise be or become subject to any tax or levy, then the Corporation shall pay the amount of any and all such taxes and levies, together with any interest and penalties thereon not arising exclusively from the gross negligence of the Indemnified Party, as may be necessary to ensure that the amount received by or on behalf of the Indemnified Party, after the payment of or withholding for such tax, fully reimburses the Indemnified Party for the actual cost, expense or liability incurred by or on behalf of the Indemnified Party.

Each of the provisions contained in this Agreement is distinct and severable and a declaration of invalidity or unenforceability of any such provision or part thereof by a court of competent jurisdiction shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision hereof. To the extent permitted by applicable law, the parties waive any provision of law which renders any provision of this Agreement invalid or unenforceable in any respect. The parties shall engage in good faith negotiations to replace any provision which is declared invalid or unenforceable with a valid and enforceable provision, the economic effect of which comes as close as possible to that of the invalid or unenforceable provision which it replaces.

This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the Province of Ontario and the laws of Canada applicable therein.

The obligations of the Corporation under this Agreement shall continue after the Indemnified Party ceases to be a Director or Officer and shall survive indefinitely.

Except as expressly provided in this Agreement, no amendment or waiver of this Agreement shall be binding unless executed in writing by the party to be bound thereby. No waiver of any provision of

this Agreement shall constitute a waiver of any other provision nor shall any waiver of any provision of this Agreement constitute a continuing waiver unless otherwise expressly provided.

This Agreement shall enure to the benefit of the Indemnified Party and the Indemnified Party’s heirs, administrators, executors and personal representatives and shall be binding upon the Corporation and its successors.

This Agreement may be executed (including electronically) in one or more counterparts, each of which, when executed, shall for all purposes be deemed to be an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same Agreement.