Viking Therapeutics, Inc. UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT

EX-1.1 2 d49718dex11.htm EX-1.1 EX-1.1

Exhibit 1.1

Viking Therapeutics, Inc.

UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT

, 2016

MAXIM GROUP LLC

405 Lexington Avenue

New York, NY 10174

As Representative of the Underwriters

named on Schedule I hereto

Ladies and Gentlemen:

The undersigned, Viking Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), hereby confirms its agreement (this “Agreement”) to issue and sell to the underwriter or underwriters, as the case may be, named in Schedule I hereto (each, an “Underwriter” and, collectively, the “Underwriters”), for whom Maxim Group LLC is acting as representative (in such capacity, the “Representative”), an aggregate of shares (the “Firm Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, $0.00001 par value per share ( “Common Stock”) and warrants to purchase an aggregate of shares of Common Stock (the “Warrants,” and collectively with the Firm Shares, the “Firm Securities”). In addition, the Company proposes to grant to the Underwriters an option to purchase from the Company up to an additional shares of Common Stock (the “Option Shares”) and/or Warrants to purchase up to an additional shares of Common Stock (the “Option Warrants”) for the purpose of covering over-allotments in connection with the sale of the Firm Securities (collectively, the “Option Securities”). The Firm Securities, the Option Securities and the shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of the Warrants (the “Warrant Shares”) are collectively referred to herein as the “Transaction Securities.” The offering and sale of the Transaction Securities contemplated by this Agreement is referred to herein as the “Offering.”

1. Transaction Securities; Over-Allotment Option.

(a) Purchase of the Firm Securities. On the basis of the representations and warranties herein contained, but subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, the Company agrees to issue and sell, severally and not jointly, to the several Underwriters, an aggregate of the Firm Securities at a purchase price (net of discounts and commissions) per Firm Share and warrant to purchase shares of Common Stock of $ , which represents a 8.0% discount to the public offering price per Firm Share and warrant to purchase shares of Common Stock.

(b) The Underwriters, severally and not jointly, agree to purchase from the Company the number of Firm Shares set forth opposite their respective names on Schedule I attached hereto and made a part hereof.

(c) Payment and Delivery. Delivery and payment for the Firm Shares shall be made at 10:00 a.m., Eastern Time, on the third Business Day following the effective date (the “Effective Date”) of the Registration Statement (as hereinafter defined) (or the fourth Business Day following the Effective Date, if the Registration Statement is declared effective after 4:30 p.m. Eastern Time) or at such earlier time as shall be agreed upon by the Representative and the Company at the offices of the Representative or at such other place as shall be agreed upon by the Representative and the Company. The hour and date of delivery and payment for the Firm Securities is called the “Closing Date.” The closing of the payment of the purchase price for, and delivery of certificates representing, the Firm Securities is referred to herein as the “Closing.” Payment for the Firm Securities shall be made on the Closing Date by wire transfer in Federal (same day) funds upon delivery to the Representative of certificates (in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriters) representing the Firm Securities (or through the full fast transfer facilities of the Depository Trust Company (the “DTC”)) for the account of the Underwriters. The Firm Securities shall be registered in such name or names and in such authorized denominations as the Representative may request in writing at least two Business Days prior to the Closing Date. The Company will permit the Representative to examine and package the Firm Securities for delivery, at least one full Business Day prior to the Closing Date. The Company shall not be obligated to sell or deliver the Firm Securities except upon tender of payment by the Representative for all the Firm Securities.

(d) Over-Allotment Option. For the purposes of covering any over-allotments in connection with the distribution and sale of the Firm Securities, the Representative on behalf of the Underwriters is hereby granted an option (the “Over-Allotment Option”) to purchase all or any part of the Option Shares at $ per share and/or Option Warrants at $ per warrant.

(e) Exercise of Option. The Over-Allotment Option granted pursuant to Section 1(d) may be exercised by the Representative as to all (at any time) or any part (from time to time) of the Option Shares and/or Option Warrants within 45 days after the Closing Date. The Underwriters will not be under any obligation to purchase any of such Option Shares and/or Option Warrants prior to the exercise of the Over-Allotment Option. The Over-Allotment Option granted hereby may be exercised by the giving of written notice to the Company from the Representative, setting forth the number of Option Shares and/or Option Warrants to be purchased and the date and time for delivery of and payment for such Option Shares and/or Option Warrants, which will not be later than five Business Days after the date of the notice or such other time as shall be agreed upon by the Company and the Representative, at the offices of the Representative or at such other place as shall be agreed upon by the Company and the Representative. If such delivery and payment for all of the Option Shares and/or Option Warrants does not occur on the Closing Date, the date and time of any closing for such Option Shares and/or Option Warrants will be as set forth in the notice (hereinafter the “Option Closing Date”). Upon exercise of the Over-Allotment Option, the Company will become obligated to convey to the Underwriters, and, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, the Underwriters will become obligated to purchase, the number of Option Shares and/or Option Warrants specified in such notice. If any Option Shares and/or Option Warrants are to be purchased, each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase the number of Option Shares and/or Option Warrants (subject to such adjustments to eliminate fractional shares as the Representative may determine) set forth in the written notice to the Company from the Representative.

(f) Payment and Delivery of Option Shares and/or Option Warrants. Payment for Option Shares and/or Option Warrants shall be made on the Option Closing Date by wire transfer in Federal (same day) funds by deposit of the price for the Option Shares and/or Option Warrants being purchased to the Company upon delivery to the Underwriters of certificates (in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriters) representing such Option Shares and/or Option Warrants (or through the full fast transfer facilities of DTC) for the account of the Underwriters. The certificates representing the Option Shares and/or Option Warrants to be delivered will be in such denominations and registered in such names as the Representative requests not less than two Business Days prior to the Closing Date or the Option Closing Date, as the case may be, and will be made available to the Representative for inspection, checking and packaging at the aforesaid office of the Company’s transfer agent or correspondent not less than one full Business Day prior to the Closing Date or the Option Closing Date, as the case may be.

2. Representations and Warranties of the Company. The Company represents, warrants and covenants to, and agrees with, each of the Underwriters that, as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date:

(a) Compliance with Registration Requirements. The Company has prepared and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) a registration statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-208182), and amendments thereto, and related preliminary prospectuses for the registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), of the Transaction Securities which registration statement, as so amended (including post-effective amendments, if any), has been declared effective by the Commission and copies of which have heretofore been delivered to the Underwriters. The registration statement, as amended at the time it became effective, including the prospectus, financial statements, schedules, exhibits and other information (if any) deemed to be part of the registration statement at the time of effectiveness pursuant to Rule 430A under the Securities Act, is hereinafter referred to as the “Registration Statement.” If the Company has filed or is required pursuant to the terms hereof to file a registration statement pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act registering additional Transaction Securities (a “Rule 462(b) Registration Statement”), then, unless otherwise specified, any reference herein to the term “Registration Statement” shall be deemed to include such Rule 462(b) Registration Statement. Other than a Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, which, if filed, becomes effective upon filing, no other document with respect to the Registration Statement has heretofore been filed with the Commission. All of the Transaction Securities have been registered under the Securities Act pursuant to the Registration Statement or, if any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement is filed, will be duly registered under the Securities Act with the filing of such Rule 462(b) Registration Statement. The Company has responded to all requests of the Commission for additional or supplemental information. Based on a review of the Commission’s website at http://www.sec.gov/litigation/stoporders.shtml, no stop order suspending the effectiveness of either the Registration Statement or the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, if any, has been issued and no proceeding for that purpose has been initiated or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened by the Commission. The Company, if required by the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission (the “Rules and Regulations”), proposes to file the Prospectus with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act (“Rule 424(b)”). The prospectus, in the form in which it is to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b), or, if the prospectus is not to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b), the prospectus in the form included as part of the

Registration Statement at the time the Registration Statement became effective, is hereinafter referred to as the “Prospectus,” except that if any revised prospectus or prospectus supplement shall be provided to the Underwriters by the Company for use in connection with the Offering which differs from the Prospectus (whether or not such revised prospectus or prospectus supplement is required to be filed by the Company pursuant to Rule 424(b)), the term “Prospectus” shall also refer to such revised prospectus or prospectus supplement, as the case may be, from and after the time it is first provided to the Underwriters for such use. Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus subject to completion included in the Registration Statement or filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424 under the Securities Act is hereafter called a “Preliminary Prospectus.” Any reference herein to the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the exhibits or documents incorporated by reference therein pursuant to the Rules and Regulations on or before the Effective Date of the Registration Statement, the date of such Preliminary Prospectus or the date of the Prospectus, as the case may be. Any reference herein to the terms “amend”, “amendment” or “supplement” with respect to the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include: (i) the filing of any document under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and together with the Rules and Regulations promulgated thereunder (the “Exchange Act”), after the Effective Date, the date of such Preliminary Prospectus or the date of the Prospectus, as the case may be, which is incorporated therein by reference, and (ii) any such document so filed. All references in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, a Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus, or any amendments or supplements to any of the foregoing, shall be deemed to include any copy thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval System (“EDGAR”). The Prospectus delivered to the Underwriters for use in connection with the Offering was or will be identical to the electronically transmitted copies thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T promulgated by the Commission.

(b) Registration Statement and Prospectus. At the time of the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement or the effectiveness of any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement, when the Prospectus is first filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b), when any supplement to or amendment of the Prospectus is filed with the Commission, at all other subsequent times until the completion of the public offer and sale of the Firm Securities and Option Securities, if applicable, and at the Closing Date and any Option Closing Date, if applicable, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and any amendments thereof and supplements or exhibits thereto complied or will comply in all material respects with the applicable provisions of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the Rules and Regulations, and did not and will not, as of the date of such amendment or supplement, contain an untrue statement of a material fact and did not and will not, as of the date of such amendment or supplement, omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein: (i) in the case of the Registration Statement, not misleading, and (ii) in the case of the Prospectus, in light of the circumstances under which they were made as of its date, not misleading. When any Preliminary Prospectus was first filed with the Commission (whether filed as part of the Registration Statement for the registration of the Transaction Securities or any amendment thereto or pursuant to Rule 424(a) under the Securities Act) and when any amendment thereof or supplement thereto was first filed with the Commission, such Preliminary Prospectus and any amendments thereof and supplements thereto

complied in all material respects with the applicable provisions of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the Rules and Regulations and did not contain an untrue statement of a material fact and did not omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. No representation and warranty is made in this subsection (b), however, with respect to any information contained in or omitted from the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or any related Preliminary Prospectus or any amendment thereof or supplement thereto in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Company by or on behalf of any Underwriter through the Representative specifically for use therein. The parties acknowledge and agree that such information provided by or on behalf of any Underwriter consists solely of the following information in the Prospectus: the statements concerning the Underwriters set forth in the “Underwriting” section of the Prospectus (the “Underwriters’ Information”).

(c) Free Writing Prospectuses. Neither: (i) any Issuer-Represented General Free Writing Prospectus(es) (as defined below) issued at or prior to the Applicable Time (as defined below) and the Statutory Prospectus (as defined below), all considered together (collectively, the “General Disclosure Package”), nor (ii) any individual Issuer-Represented Limited-Use Free Writing Prospectus(es) (as defined below), when considered together with the General Disclosure Package, includes or included as of the Applicable Time any untrue statement of a material fact or omits or omitted as of the Applicable Time to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The preceding sentence does not apply to statements in or omissions from any Statutory Prospectus included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or any Issuer-Represented Limited-Use Free Writing Prospectus (as defined below) in conformity with the Underwriters’ Information.

(d) Emerging Growth Company. From the time of the initial filing of the Registration Statement with the Commission (or, if earlier, the first date on which the Company engaged directly or through any person authorized to act on its behalf in any Testing-the-Waters Communication (as defined below)) through the date hereof, the Company has been and is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act (an “Emerging Growth Company”). “Testing-the-Waters Communication” means any oral or written communication with potential investors undertaken in reliance on Section 5(d) of the Securities Act.

(e) Testing-the-Waters Materials. The Company (i) has not alone engaged in any Testing-the-Waters Communications, other than Testing-the-Waters Communications with the prior consent of the Representative with entities that are qualified institutional buyers within the meaning of Rule 144A under the Securities Act or institutions that are accredited investors within the meaning of Rule 501 under the Securities Act and (ii) has not authorized anyone other than the Representative to engage in Testing-the-Waters Communications. The Company reconfirms that the Representative has been authorized to act on its behalf in undertaking Testing-the-Waters Communications. The Company has not distributed any Written Testing-the-Waters Communications (as defined below) other than those listed on Schedule III hereto. “Written Testing-the-Waters Communication” means any Testing-the-Waters Communication that is a written communication within the meaning of Rule 405 under the

Securities Act. Any individual Written Testing-the-Waters Communication does not conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement or the General Disclosure Package, and when taken together with the General Disclosure Package as of the Applicable Time, did not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

(f) Conflicts with Registration Statement or Prospectus. Each Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus and Written Testing-the-Waters Communication, as of its respective issue date and at all subsequent times until the later of the Closing Date, the last Option Closing Date or until any earlier date that the Company notified or notifies the Representative as described in the next sentence, did not, does not and will not include any information that conflicted, conflicts or will conflict with the information contained in the then-current Registration Statement, Preliminary Prospectus, Statutory Prospectus or Prospectus. If at any time following issuance of an Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus or Written Testing-the-Waters Communication there occurred or occurs an event or development as a result of which such Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus or Written Testing-the-Waters Communication conflicted or would conflict with the information contained in the then-current Registration Statement, Preliminary Prospectus, Statutory Prospectus or Prospectus relating to the Transaction Securities or included or would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances prevailing at that subsequent time, not misleading, the Company has notified or will notify promptly the Representative so that any use of such Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus or Written Testing-the-Waters Communication may cease until it is promptly amended or supplemented by the Company, at its own expense, to eliminate or correct such conflict, untrue statement or omission.

(g) Distribution of Materials. The Company has not distributed and will not distribute any prospectus or other offering material in connection with the offering and sale of the Transaction Securities other than the General Disclosure Package, any Issuer-Represented Limited-Use Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus or other materials permitted by the Securities Act to be distributed by the Company. Unless the Company obtains the prior consent of the Representative, the Company has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Transaction Securities that would constitute an “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433 under the Securities Act, or that would otherwise constitute a “free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act, required to be filed with the Commission; provided that the prior written consent of the Representative shall be deemed to have been given in respect of any free writing prospectus referenced on Schedule III attached hereto. The Company has complied and will comply with the requirements of Rules 164 and 433 under the Securities Act applicable to any Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus as of its issue date and at all subsequent times through the Closing Date, including timely filing with the Commission where required, legending and record keeping. To the extent an electronic road show is used, the Company has satisfied and will satisfy the conditions in Rule 433 under the Securities Act to avoid a requirement to file with the Commission any electronic road show.

(h) Consent for Free Writing Prospectuses. Each Underwriter agrees that, unless it obtains the prior written consent of the Company, it will not make any offer relating to the

Transaction Securities that would constitute an Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus or that would otherwise (without taking into account any approval, authorization, use or reference thereto by the Company) constitute a “free writing prospectus” required to be filed by the Company with the Commission or retained by the Company under Rule 433 of the Securities Act; provided that the prior written consent of the Company hereto shall be deemed to have been given in respect of any Issuer-Represented General Free Writing Prospectuses referenced on Schedule III attached hereto.

(i) Certain Definitions. As used in this Agreement, the terms set forth below shall have the following meanings:

(i) “Applicable Time” means , 2016, (Eastern Time) on the date of this Agreement.

(ii) “Statutory Prospectus” as of any time means the prospectus that is included in the Registration Statement immediately prior to that time. For purposes of this definition, information contained in a form of prospectus that is deemed retroactively to be a part of the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 430A or 430B shall be considered to be included in the Statutory Prospectus as of the actual time that the form of prospectus is filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act.

(iii) “Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus” means any “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433 under the Securities Act, relating to the Transaction Securities that (A) is required to be filed with the Commission by the Company, or (B) is exempt from filing pursuant to Rule 433(d)(5)(i) under the Securities Act because it contains a description of the Transaction Securities or of the Offering that does not reflect the final terms or pursuant to Rule 433(d)(8)(ii) because it is a “bona fide electronic road show,” as defined in Rule 433 under the Securities Act, in each case in the form filed or required to be filed with the Commission or, if not required to be filed, in the form retained in the Company’s records pursuant to Rule 433(g) under the Securities Act.

(iv) “Issuer-Represented General Free Writing Prospectus” means any Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus that is intended for general distribution to prospective investors, as evidenced by its being specified in Schedule III to this Agreement.

(v) “Issuer-Represented Limited-Use Free Writing Prospectus” means any Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus that is not an Issuer-Represented General Free Writing Prospectus. The term Issuer-Represented Limited-Use Free Writing Prospectus also includes any “bona fide electronic road show,” as defined in Rule 433 under the Securities Act, that is made available without restriction pursuant to Rule 433(d)(8)(ii), even though not required to be filed with the Commission.

(j) Auditor. Marcum LLP (the “Auditor”), whose reports relating to the Company are included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, is an independent registered public accounting firm as required by the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the Rules and Regulations and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”). To the Company’s knowledge, the Auditor is not in violation of the auditor

independence requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley”) as such requirements pertain to the Auditor’s relationship with the Company. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Auditor has not, during the periods covered by the financial statements included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, provided to the Company any non-audit services, as such term is used in Section 10A(g) of the Exchange Act, except for any such non-audit services that were pre-approved by the Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors in accordance with Sections 10A(h) and (i) of the Exchange Act.

(k) Certain Changes. Subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is presented in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, and except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus: (i) the Company has not declared, paid or made any dividends or other distributions of any kind on or in respect of its capital stock, and (ii) there has been no material adverse change or, to the Company’s knowledge, any development which could reasonably be expected to result in a material adverse change in the future, whether or not arising from transactions in the ordinary course of business, in or affecting: (A) the business, condition (financial or otherwise), results of operations, stockholders’ equity, properties or prospects of the Company; (B) the long-term debt or capital stock of the Company; or (C) the Offering or consummation of any of the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus (a “Material Adverse Effect”). Since the date of the latest balance sheet included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company has not incurred or undertaken any liabilities or obligations, whether direct or indirect, liquidated or contingent, matured or unmatured, or entered into any transactions, including any acquisition or disposition of any business or asset, which are material to the Company, except for liabilities, obligations and transactions which are disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

(l) Capitalization. The Company has an authorized capitalization as set forth in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus under the heading “Capitalization;” all of the issued shares of capital stock of the Company have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all applicable federal and state securities laws and none of those shares was issued in violation of any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights to the extent any such rights were not waived; the Firm Shares and Option Shares have been duly authorized and, when issued and delivered against payment therefor as provided in this Agreement, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, and the issuance of the Transaction Securities is not subject to any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights that have not heretofore been waived (with copies of such waivers provided or made available to the Underwriters). The Transaction Securities conform in all material respects to the descriptions thereof contained in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus under the heading “Description of Capital Stock.” When issued, the Warrants and Option Warrants will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company to issue and sell, upon exercise thereof and payment of the respective exercise prices therefor, the number and type of securities of the Company called for thereby in accordance with the terms thereof and such Warrants and Option Warrants, when issued, will be enforceable against the Company in accordance with their respective terms, except: (i) as such enforceability may be

limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally; (ii) as enforceability of any indemnification or contribution provision may be limited under federal and state securities laws; and (iii) that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive and other forms of equitable relief may be subject to the equitable defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefor may be brought. The Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants and the Option Warrants have been duly authorized and reserved for issuance and when issued in accordance with the terms thereof, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable; will not have been issued in violation of or be subject to any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities of the Company; and the holders thereof will not be subject to personal liability by reason of being such holders.

(m) Warrants, Options and Registration Rights. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, (i) there are no outstanding rights (contractual or otherwise), warrants or options to acquire, or instruments convertible into or exchangeable for, or agreements or understandings to which the Company is a party with respect to the sale or issuance of, any shares of capital stock of or other equity interest in the Company and (ii) there are no contracts, agreements or understandings between the Company and any person granting such person the right to require the Company to file a registration statement under the Securities Act or otherwise register any securities of the Company beneficially owned by such person in connection with the Offering and the issuance and sale of the Warrant Shares upon exercise of the Warrants and the Option Warrants, except as have been waived or complied with.

(n) Subsidiaries. The Company does not have any subsidiaries.

(o) Incorporation and Good Standing. The Company has been duly incorporated and validly exists as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware. The Company has all requisite corporate power and authority to carry on its business as it is currently being conducted and as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, and to own, lease and operate its properties. The Company is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation in each jurisdiction in which the character or location of its properties (owned, leased or licensed) or the nature or conduct of its business makes such qualification necessary, except, in each case, for those failures to be so qualified or in good standing which (individually and in the aggregate) would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(p) Non-Contravention with Law or Existing Documents. The Company is not: (i) in violation of its certificate of incorporation or bylaws or other organizational documents, (ii) in default under any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it is bound or to which any of its property or assets is subject; and no event has occurred which, with notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute a default under or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, security interest, charge or other encumbrance (a “Lien”) upon any of its property or assets pursuant to, any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it is bound or to which any of its property or assets is subject, or (iii) in violation in any respect of any applicable law, rule, regulation, ordinance, directive, judgment,

decree or order of any judicial, regulatory or other legal or governmental agency or body, foreign or domestic, except, in the case of subsections (ii) and (iii) above, for such violations or defaults which (individually or in the aggregate) would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(q) Authorization. The Company has entered into a warrant agreement (the “Warrant Agreement”) with American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, as warrant agent, with respect to the Warrants substantially in the form filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. The Company has all requisite corporate power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement, the Warrant Agreement, and the Warrants and all other agreements, documents, certificates and instruments required to be delivered pursuant to this Agreement, the Warrant Agreement, and the Warrants. The Company’s execution, delivery and performance under this Agreement, the Warrant Agreement, and the Warrants and each of the transactions contemplated thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action. This Agreement, the Warrant Agreement, and the Warrants have been duly and validly executed and delivered by the Company and constitute the legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company and are enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, except (i) as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally; (ii) as enforceability of any indemnification or contribution provision may be limited under federal and state securities laws; and (iii) that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive and other forms of equitable relief may be subject to the equitable defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefor may be brought.

(r) No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, the Warrants, and the Warrant Agreement and all other agreements, documents, certificates and instruments required to be delivered pursuant to this Agreement, the Warrants, and the Warrant Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby do not and will not: (i) conflict with, require consent under or result in a breach of any of the terms and provisions of, or constitute a default (or an event which with notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute a default) under, or result in the creation or imposition of any Lien upon any property or assets of the Company pursuant to, any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement, instrument, franchise, license or permit to which the Company is a party or by which the Company or any of its properties, operations or assets may be bound, (ii) violate or conflict with any provision of the certificate of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational documents of the Company, or (iii) violate or conflict with any applicable law, rule, regulation, ordinance, directive, judgment, decree or order of any judicial, regulatory or other legal or governmental agency or body, domestic or foreign, or (iv) trigger a reset or repricing of any outstanding securities of the Company, except in the case of subsections (i) and (iii) for any default, conflict or violation that would not have a Material Adverse Effect.

(s) Consents to Conduct Business. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company has all consents, approvals, authorizations, orders, registrations, qualifications, licenses, filings, grants, franchises, easements, certificates and permits of, with and from all judicial, regulatory and other legal or governmental agencies, self-regulatory agencies, authorities and bodies and all third parties, foreign and domestic, including, without limitation, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) or equivalent in non-U.S. jurisdictions (collectively, the “Consents”), to own, lease and

operate its properties and conduct its business as it is now being conducted and as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, and each such Consent is valid and in full force and effect, except which (individually or in the aggregate), in each such case, would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has not received notice of any investigation or proceedings which results in or, if decided adversely to the Company could reasonably be expected to result in, the revocation of, or imposition of a materially burdensome restriction on, any Consent. No Consent contains a materially burdensome restriction not adequately disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

(t) Compliance with Law. The Company is in compliance with all applicable laws, rules, regulations, ordinances, directives, judgments, decrees and orders, foreign and domestic, except for any non-compliance the consequences of which would not have a Material Adverse Effect.

(u) Exchange Listing. The Firm Shares, Option Shares, Warrants, Option Warrants and Warrant Shares have been approved for listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market, subject to official notice of issuance (the “Exchange”), and the Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, delisting the Firm Shares or Option Shares, nor has the Company received any notification that the Exchange is contemplating terminating such listing.

(v) No Consents. No consent of, with or from any judicial, regulatory or other legal or governmental agency or body or any third party, foreign or domestic is required for the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, the Warrants, and the Warrant Agreement or consummation of each of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including the issuance, sale and delivery of the Firm Securities and the Option Securities to be issued, sold and delivered hereunder, except (i) such as may have previously been obtained (with copies of such consents provided to the Underwriters), each of which is in full force and effect as of the date hereof, (ii) the registration under the Securities Act of the Transaction Securities, which has become effective and which remains in full force and effect as of the date hereof, (iii) such consents as may be required under state securities or blue sky laws or the bylaws and rules of the Exchange, and (iv) the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) in connection with the purchase and distribution of the Firm Securities and the Option Securities by the Underwriters.

(w) Legal Proceedings. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there is no judicial, regulatory, arbitral or other legal or governmental proceeding, inquiry, investigation or other suit, litigation or arbitration, domestic or foreign, pending to which the Company is a party or of which any property, operations or assets of the Company is the subject which (i) individually or in the aggregate, if determined adversely to the Company would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, or (ii) is reasonably likely to materially and adversely affect the consummation of the transactions contemplated in this Agreement or the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder. To the Company’s knowledge, no such proceeding, litigation or arbitration is threatened or contemplated.

(x) Financial Statements. The financial statements, including the notes thereto, and the supporting schedules included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the Rules and Regulations, and present fairly the financial position as of the dates indicated and the cash flows and results of operations for the periods specified of the Company. Except as otherwise stated in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, said financial statements have been prepared in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved, except in the case of unaudited financials which are subject to normal year-end adjustments and do not contain certain footnotes. No other financial statements or supporting schedules are required to be included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus. The other financial information included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus present fairly the information included therein and have been prepared on a basis consistent with that of the financial statements that are included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and the books and records of the Company.

(y) Pro Forma or Adjusted Financial Statements. There are no pro forma or as adjusted financial statements which are required to be included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus in accordance with Regulation S-X which have not been included as so required. The pro forma and pro forma as adjusted financial information included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus have been properly compiled and prepared in accordance with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and the Rules and Regulations and include all adjustments necessary to present fairly in accordance with GAAP the pro forma and as adjusted financial position of the Company presented therein at the respective dates indicated and its cash flows and the results of operations for the respective periods specified. The assumptions used in preparing the pro forma and pro forma as adjusted financial information included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus provide a reasonable basis for presenting the significant effects directly attributable to the transactions or events described therein. The related pro forma and pro forma as adjusted adjustments give appropriate effect to those assumptions; and the pro forma and pro forma as adjusted financial information reflect the proper application of those adjustments to the corresponding historical financial statement amounts.

(z) Third Party Data. The statistical, industry-related and market-related data included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus are based on or derived from sources which the Company reasonably and in good faith believes are reliable and accurate, and the Company has obtained the written consent to the use of such data from such sources, to the extent required, except for such failures to obtain written consent which (individually and in the aggregate) would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(aa) Disclosure Controls and Procedures. The Company has established and maintains disclosure controls and procedures over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act) and such controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information relating to the Company required to be disclosed in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s

management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Company has utilized such controls and procedures in preparing and evaluating the disclosures in the Registration Statement, in the General Disclosure Package and in the Prospectus.

(bb) Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, neither the board of directors nor the audit committee has been informed, nor is the Company aware, of: (i) any significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; or (ii) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

(cc) No Price Stabilization or Manipulation. The Company has not taken, directly or indirectly, any action which constitutes or is designed to cause or result in, or which could reasonably be expected to constitute, cause or result in, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security to facilitate the sale or resale of the Transaction Securities.

(dd) Integration with other Offerings. Neither the Company nor any of its Affiliates has, prior to the date hereof, made any offer or sale of any securities which are required to be “integrated” pursuant to the Securities Act or the Rules and Regulations with the offer and sale of the Firm Securities and the Option Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package, and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of its Affiliates has sold or issued any securities during the six-month period preceding the date of the Prospectus, including but not limited to any sales pursuant to Rule 144A, Regulation D or Regulation S under the Securities Act, other than shares of Common Stock issued pursuant to employee benefit plans, qualified stock option plans or employee compensation plans or pursuant to outstanding options, rights or warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock.

(ee) Information regarding Officers and Directors. To the Company’s knowledge, all information contained in the questionnaires completed by each of the Company’s officers and directors and 5% holders immediately prior to the Offering and provided to the Representative as well as the biographies of such officers and directors in the Registration Statement are true and correct in all material respects and the Company has not become aware of any information which would cause the information disclosed in the questionnaires completed by the directors and officers to become inaccurate and incorrect in any material respect.

(ff) Non-Competition and Non-Solicitation. To the Company’s knowledge, no director or officer of the Company is subject to any non-competition agreement or non-solicitation agreement with any employer or prior employer which could materially affect his or her ability to be and act in his or her respective capacity of the Company.

(gg) Company Not an Investment Company. The Company is not and, at all times up to and including the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and after

giving effect to application of the net proceeds of the Offering, will not be, subject to registration as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and is not and will not be an entity “controlled” by an “investment company” within the meaning of such act.

(hh) Related Party Transactions. No relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among any of the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, any Affiliate (within the meaning of the Securities Act) of the Company, on the one hand, and any director, officer, stockholder, customer or supplier of the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, any Affiliate of the Company, on the other hand, which is required by the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or the Rules and Regulations to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus which is not so described as required. There are no outstanding loans, advances (except normal advances for business expenses in the ordinary course of business) or guarantees of indebtedness by the Company to or for the benefit of any of the officers or directors of the Company or any of their respective family members, except as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. The Company has not, in violation of Sarbanes-Oxley, directly or indirectly extended or maintained credit, arranged for the extension of credit, or renewed an extension of credit, in the form of a personal loan to or for any director or executive officer of the Company.

(ii) Compliance with Exchange Rules. The Company is in compliance with the rules and regulations promulgated by The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC or any other governmental or self-regulatory entity or agency having jurisdiction over the Company, except for such failures to be in compliance which (individually and in the aggregate) would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing: (i) all members of the Company’s board of directors who are required to be “independent” (as that term is defined under the rules of The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC), including, without limitation, all members of the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors, meet the qualifications of independence as set forth under applicable laws, rules and regulations and (ii) the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors has at least one member who is an “audit committee financial expert” (as that term is defined under applicable laws, rules and regulations).

(jj) [Intentionally Omitted].

(kk) Ownership of Real and Personal Property. The Company owns or leases all such properties (other than intellectual property, which is covered below) as are necessary to the conduct of its business as presently operated and as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. The Company has good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property and good and marketable title to all personal property owned by it, in each case free and clear of all Liens except such as are described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or such as would not (individually or in the aggregate) have a Material Adverse Effect. Any real property and buildings held under lease or sublease by the Company are held by it under valid, subsisting and, to the Company’s knowledge, enforceable leases with such exceptions as are not material to, and do not materially interfere with, the use made and proposed to be made of such property and buildings by the Company. The Company has not received any written notice of any claim adverse to its

ownership of any real or material personal property or of any claim against the continued possession of any real property, whether owned or held under lease or sublease by the Company.

(ll) Intellectual Property Matters. The Company: (i) owns, possesses or has the right to use all patents, patent applications, trademarks, service marks, trade names, trademark registrations, service mark registrations, copyrights, licenses, formulae, customer lists and know-how and other intellectual property (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary or confidential information, systems or procedures, “Intellectual Property”) necessary for the conduct of its businesses as being conducted and as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, and (ii) has no knowledge that the conduct of its business conflicts or will conflict with the rights of others, and it has not received any notice of any claim of conflict with, any right of others. To the Company’s knowledge, there is no infringement by third parties of any such Intellectual Property, except which (individually and in the aggregate) would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; there is no pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened, action, suit, proceeding or claim by others challenging the Company’s rights in or to any such Intellectual Property, and the Company is unaware of any facts which would form a reasonable basis for any such claim; and there is no pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened, action, suit, proceeding or claim by others that the Company infringes or otherwise violates any patent, trademark, copyright, trade secret or other proprietary rights of others, and the Company is unaware of any other fact which would form a reasonable basis for any such claim. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company has not received any claim for royalties or other compensation from any Person, including any employee of the Company who made inventive contributions to Company’s technology or products that are pending or unsettled, and except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus the Company does not and will not have any obligation to pay royalties or other compensation to any Person on account of inventive contributions.

(mm) Material Contracts. The agreements and documents described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus conform in all material respects to the descriptions thereof contained therein and there are no agreements or other documents required by the applicable provisions of the Securities Act to be described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus or to be filed with the Commission as exhibits to the Registration Statement, that have not been so described or filed. Each agreement or other instrument (however characterized or described) to which the Company is a party or by which its property or business is or may be bound or affected and (i) that is referred to in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus or attached as an exhibit thereto, or (ii) is material to the Company’s business, has been duly and validly executed by the Company, is in full force and effect in all material respects and is enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except (x) as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, (y) as enforceability of any indemnification or contribution provision may be limited under the foreign, federal and state securities laws, and (z) that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive and other forms of equitable relief may be subject to the equitable defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefor may be brought,

and none of such agreements or instruments has been assigned by the Company, and neither the Company nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any other party is in breach or default thereunder and, to the Company’s knowledge, no event has occurred that, with the lapse of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a breach or default thereunder, in any such case, which would result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(nn) Government Regulation. The disclosures in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus concerning the effects of foreign, federal, state and local regulation on the Company’s business as currently contemplated are correct in all material respects.

(oo) Tax Matters. The Company has accurately prepared and filed all federal, state, foreign and other tax returns that are required to be filed by it through the date hereof, or has received timely extensions thereof, and has paid or made provision for the payment of all material taxes, assessments, governmental or other similar charges, including without limitation, all sales and use taxes and all taxes which the Company is obligated to withhold from amounts owing to employees, creditors and third parties, with respect to the periods covered by such tax returns, whether or not such amounts are shown as due on any tax return (except as currently being contested in good faith and for which reserves required by GAAP have been created in the financial statements of the Company). No deficiency assessment with respect to a proposed adjustment of the Company’s federal, state, local or foreign taxes is pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened. The accruals and reserves on the books and records of the Company in respect of tax liabilities for any taxable period not finally determined are adequate to meet any assessments and related liabilities for any such period and, since the date of the Company’s most recent audited financial statements, the Company has not incurred any material liability for taxes other than in the ordinary course of its business. There is no tax lien, whether imposed by any federal, state, foreign or other taxing authority, outstanding against the assets, properties or business of the Company.

(pp) Labor and Employment Matters. No labor disturbance or dispute by or with the employees of the Company which, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, currently exists or, to the Company’s knowledge, is threatened. The Company is in compliance in all material respects with the labor and employment laws and collective bargaining agreements and extension orders applicable to its employees.

(qq) Environmental Matters. Except as would not be reasonably expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect, the Company is in compliance with all Environmental Laws (as hereinafter defined), and, to the Company’s knowledge, no future material expenditures are or will be required in order to comply therewith. The Company has not received any written notice or communication that relates to or alleges any actual or potential violation or failure to comply with any Environmental Laws that would, individually or in the aggregate, be reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. As used herein, the term “Environmental Laws” means all applicable laws and regulations, including any licensing, permits or reporting requirements, and any action by a federal, state or local government entity, pertaining to the protection of the environment, protection of public health, protection of worker health and safety, or the handling of hazardous materials, including

without limitation, the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. § 7401, et seq., the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, 42 U.S.C. § 9601, et seq., the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, 33 U.S.C. § 1321, et seq., the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, 49 U.S.C. § 1801, et seq., the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 42 U.S.C. § 690-1, et seq., and the Toxic Substances Control Act, 15 U.S.C. § 2601, et seq.

(rr) FDA Regulation. As to each product or product candidate subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration FDA under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, as amended, and the regulations thereunder (“FDCA”) and/or the jurisdiction of the non-U.S. counterparts thereof that is currently being tested by the Company (each such product, a “Product”), such Product is being tested by the Company in compliance with all applicable requirements under FDCA and/or and similar laws, rules and regulations relating to registration, investigational use, premarket clearance, licensure, or application approval, good manufacturing practices, good laboratory practices, good clinical practices, product listing, quotas, advertising, record keeping and filing of reports, except where the failure to be in compliance would not have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company currently has no products that have been approved by the FDA or any non-U.S. counterparts thereof to be manufactured, packaged, labeled, distributed, sold and/or marketed. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there is no pending, completed or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened, action (including any lawsuit, arbitration, or legal or administrative or regulatory proceeding, charge, complaint, or investigation) against the Company and the Company has not received any written notice, warning letter or other communication from the FDA or any other governmental entity or any non-U.S. counterparts thereof, in either case which (i) contests the premarket clearance, licensure, registration or approval of, the uses of, the distribution of, the manufacturing or packaging of, the testing of, the sale of, or the labeling and promotion of any Product, (ii) imposes a clinical hold on any clinical investigation by the Company, (iii) enters or proposes to enter into a consent decree of permanent injunction with the Company or (iv) otherwise alleges any violation of any laws, rules or regulations by the Company, and which, either individually or in the aggregate, would have a Material Adverse Effect. The properties, business and operations of the Company have been and are being conducted in all material respects in accordance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations of the FDA and non-U.S. counterparts thereof. The Company has not been informed by the FDA or any non-U.S. counterparts thereof that such agency will prohibit the marketing, sale, license or use of any Product nor has the FDA or a non-U.S. counterpart thereof provided any written notice that could reasonably be expected to preclude the approval or the clearing for marketing of any Product.

(ss) Clinical, Pre-clinical and Other Studies. The clinical, pre-clinical and other studies and tests (“Studies”) conducted by or on behalf of or sponsored by the Company that are described or referred to in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus were and, if still pending, are, being conducted in accordance with all applicable statutes, laws, rules and regulations (including, without limitation, those administered by the FDA or by any foreign, federal, state or local governmental or regulatory authority performing functions similar to those performed by the FDA), as well as the protocols, procedures and controls designed and approved for such Studies and with standard medical and scientific research procedures, except where the failure to be so conducted would not have a Material

Adverse Effect. The descriptions of the results of such Studies that are described or referred to in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus are accurate and complete in all material respects and fairly present the data derived from such Studies. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company has not received any written notices or other correspondence from the FDA or any other foreign, federal, state or local governmental or regulatory authority performing functions similar to those performed by the FDA requiring the termination or suspension of such Studies, other than ordinary course communications with respect to modifications in connection with the design and implementation of such Studies.

(tt) No Failure to File with a Governmental Authority; Governmental Permits. Except as would not result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company has not failed to file with the applicable regulatory authorities (including the FDA or any foreign, federal, state or local governmental or regulatory authority performing functions similar to those performed by the FDA and having jurisdiction over the Company) any filing, declaration, listing, registration, report or submission that is required to be so filed for the Company’s business operation as currently conducted. All such filings were in compliance with applicable laws when filed and no deficiencies have been asserted in writing by any applicable regulatory authority (including, without limitation, the FDA or any foreign, federal, state or local governmental or regulatory authority performing functions similar to those performed by the FDA) with respect to any such filings, declarations, listings, registrations, reports or submissions.

(uu) Benefit Arrangements. The Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus identify each employment, severance or other similar agreement, arrangement or policy and each material arrangement providing for insurance coverage, benefits, bonuses, stock options or other forms of incentive compensation, or post-retirement insurance, compensation or benefits which: (i) is entered into, maintained or contributed to, as the case may be, by the Company and (ii) covers any officer or director or former officer or former director of the Company, in each case to the extent required by the Rules and Regulations. These contracts, plans and arrangements are referred to collectively in this Agreement as the “Benefit Arrangements.” Each Benefit Arrangement has been maintained in material compliance with its terms and with requirements prescribed by any and all statutes, orders, rules and regulations that are applicable to that Benefit Arrangement.

(vv) Certain Employment Agreements. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, the Company is not a party to or subject to any employment contract or arrangement providing for annual future compensation, or the opportunity to earn annual future compensation (whether through fixed salary, bonus, commission, options or otherwise) of more than $120,000 to any executive officer or director.

(ww) Conditions to Use of Form S-1. The conditions for use of Form S-1 to register the Offering under the Securities Act, as set forth in the General Instructions to such Form, have been satisfied.

(xx) No Severance or other Payments. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, neither the execution of this Agreement, the Warrants, and the Warrant Agreement nor the consummation of the Offering,

constitutes a triggering event under any Benefit Arrangement or any other employment contract, whether or not legally enforceable, which (either alone or upon the occurrence of any additional or subsequent event) will or may result in any payment (of severance pay or otherwise), acceleration, increase in vesting or increase in benefits to any current or former participant, employee or director of the Company other than an event that is not material to the financial condition or business of the Company.

(yy) No Unlawful Contributions or Other Payments. Neither the Company nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any of its employees or agents, has at any time during the last three (3) years: (i) made any unlawful contribution to any candidate for foreign office, or failed to disclose fully any contribution in violation of law, or (ii) made any payment to any federal or state governmental officer or official or other person charged with similar public or quasi-public duties in the United States, other than payments that are not prohibited by the laws of the United States or any jurisdiction thereof.

(zz) No Offering with Intent to Unlawfully Influence. The Company has not offered, or caused the Underwriters to offer, any Transaction Securities to any person or entity with the intention of unlawfully influencing: (i) a supplier of the Company to alter the supplier’s level or type of business with the Company or (ii) a journalist or publication to write or publish favorable information about the Company.

(aaa) Anti-Money Laundering. The operations of the Company are and have been conducted at all times in compliance in all material respects with applicable financial record keeping and reporting requirements and money laundering statutes of the United States and, to the Company’s knowledge, all other jurisdictions to which the Company is subject, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any applicable governmental agency (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”), and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened.

(bbb) OFAC. Neither the Company nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee or Affiliate of the Company is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“OFAC”); and the Company will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of the Offering, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any joint venture partner or other person or entity, for the purpose of financing the activities of any person currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by OFAC.

(ccc) Compliance with Iran Sanctions Laws. None of the Company, its directors or officers or, to the Company’s knowledge, any agent, employee, affiliate or other person acting on behalf of the Company has engaged in any activities sanctionable under the Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010, the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012, the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 or any Executive Order relating to any of the foregoing (collectively, and as each may be amended from time to time, the “Iran Sanctions”); and the Company will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of the Offering, or lend, contribute or otherwise make

available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person or entity, for the purpose of engaging in any activities sanctionable under the Iran Sanctions.

(ddd) FINRA Compliance. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no claims, payments, arrangements, agreements or understandings relating to the payment of a finder’s, consulting or origination fee by the Company or any officer, director or stockholder of the Company (each, an “Insider”) with respect to the sale of the Firm Securities and the Option Securities hereunder or any other arrangements, agreements or understandings of the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, any of its stockholders that may affect the Underwriters’ compensation, as determined by FINRA. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company has not made any direct or indirect payments (in cash, securities or otherwise) to: (i) any person, as a finder’s fee, consulting fee or otherwise, in consideration of such person raising capital for the Company or introducing to the Company persons who raised or provided capital to the Company; (ii) to any FINRA member; or (iii) to any person or entity that has any direct or indirect affiliation or association with any FINRA member, within the 180 days prior to the Effective Date, other than the prior payment of $25,000 to the Representative in connection with the Offering as an advance against the Representative’s out-of-pocket expenses actually expected to be incurred, which advance shall be reimbursed to the Company to the extent such expenses are not actually incurred by the Representative. None of the net proceeds of the Offering will be paid by the Company to any participating FINRA member or its affiliates, except as specifically authorized herein. No officer, director or, to the Company’s knowledge, any beneficial owner of 5% or more of the Company’s securities (whether debt or equity, registered or unregistered, regardless of the time acquired or the source from which derived) (any such individual or entity, a “Company Affiliate”) has any direct or indirect affiliation or association with any FINRA member (as determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of FINRA); no Company Affiliate is an owner of stock or other securities of any member of FINRA (other than securities purchased on the open market); no Company Affiliate has made a subordinated loan to any member of FINRA; and no proceeds from the sale of the Firm Securities and the Option Securities (excluding underwriting compensation as disclosed in the Registration Statement or Prospectus) will be paid to any FINRA member, or any persons associated with or affiliated with any member of FINRA. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company has not issued any warrants or other securities or granted any options, directly or indirectly, to anyone who is a potential underwriter in the Offering or a related person (as defined by FINRA rules) of such an underwriter within the 180-day period prior to the initial filing date of the Registration Statement; no person to whom securities of the Company have been privately issued within the 180-day period prior to the initial filing date of the Registration Statement has any relationship or affiliation or association with any member of FINRA; and no FINRA member participating in the offering has a conflict of interest with the Company. For this purpose, a “conflict of interest” has the meaning ascribed to such term in FINRA Rule 5121(f)(5).

(eee) No Other Offering Materials. Neither the Company nor any of its directors or officers has distributed nor will it distribute prior to the later of (i) the Closing Date, or the last Option Closing Date, and (ii) completion of the distribution of the Firm Securities and Option Securities, any offering material in connection with the offering and sale of the Firm Securities and the Option Securities other than any Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus, the General

Disclosure Package, the Registration Statement and other materials, if any, permitted by the Securities Act.

(fff) Materiality Definition. As used in this Agreement, references to matters being “material” with respect to the Company shall mean a material event, change, condition, status or effect related to the condition (financial or otherwise), properties, assets (including intangible assets), liabilities, business, prospects, operations or results of operations of the Company, either individually or taken as a whole, as the context requires.

(ggg) Knowledge Definition. As used in this Agreement, the term “to the Company’s knowledge” (or similar language) shall mean the knowledge of the executive officers and directors of the Company who are named in the Prospectus, with the assumption that such executive officers and directors shall have made reasonable and diligent inquiry of the matters presented (with reference to what is customary and prudent for the applicable individuals in connection with the discharge by the applicable individuals of their duties as executive officers or directors of the Company).

(hhh) Underwriters’ Certificates. Any certificate signed by or on behalf of the Company and delivered to the Underwriters or to Loeb & Loeb LLP (“Underwriters’ Counsel”) shall be deemed to be a representation and warranty by the Company to each Underwriter listed on Schedule I hereto as to the matters covered thereby.

3. Offering. Upon authorization of the release of the Firm Securities and the Option Securities by the Representative, the Underwriters propose to offer the Firm Securities and the Option Securities, respectively, for sale to the public upon the terms and conditions set forth in the Prospectus.

4. Covenants of the Company. The Company acknowledges, covenants and agrees with the Representative that:

(a) The Registration Statement and any amendments thereto have been declared effective, and if Rule 430A is used or the filing of the Prospectus is otherwise required under Rule 424(b), the Company will file the Prospectus (properly completed if Rule 430A has been used) pursuant to Rule 424(b) within the prescribed time period and will provide evidence satisfactory to the Representative of such timely filing.

(b) During the period beginning on the date hereof and ending on the later of the last Option Closing Date or such date as, in the opinion of Underwriters’ Counsel, the Prospectus is no longer required by law to be delivered (or in lieu thereof the notice referred to in Rule 173(a) under the Securities Act is no longer required to be provided), in connection with sales by an underwriter or dealer (the “Prospectus Delivery Period”), prior to amending or supplementing the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, the Company shall furnish to the Representative for review a copy of each such proposed amendment or supplement, and the Company shall not file any such proposed amendment or supplement to which the Representative reasonably objects within 36 hours of delivery thereof to the Representative and its counsel.

(c) After the date of this Agreement, the Company shall promptly advise the Representative in writing (i) of the receipt of any comments of, or requests for additional or supplemental information from, the Commission with respect to the Registration Statement, (ii) of the time and date of any filing of any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement to any prospectus, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, (iii) of the time and date that any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement becomes effective, and (iv) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto or of any order preventing or suspending its use or the use of any prospectus, the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus or any Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus, or of any proceedings to remove, suspend or terminate from listing the Common Stock from any securities exchange upon which it is listed for trading, or of the threatening or initiation of any proceedings for any of such purposes. If the Commission shall enter any such stop order at any time, the Company will use its reasonable efforts to obtain the lifting of such order at the earliest possible moment. Additionally, the Company agrees that it shall comply with the provisions of Rules 424(b), 430A and 430B, as applicable, under the Securities Act and will use its commercially reasonable efforts to confirm that any filings made by the Company under Rule 424(b) or Rule 433 were received in a timely manner by the Commission (without reliance on Rule 424(b)(8) or Rule 164(b)).

(d) (i) During the Prospectus Delivery Period, the Company will comply in all material respects with all requirements imposed upon it by the Securities Act, as now and hereafter amended, and by the Rules and Regulations, as from time to time in force, and by the Exchange Act so far as necessary to permit the continuance of sales of or dealings in the Transaction Securities as contemplated by the provisions hereof, the General Disclosure Package, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus. If during such period any event occurs as a result of which the Prospectus (or if the Prospectus is not yet available to prospective purchasers, the General Disclosure Package) would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances then existing, not misleading, or if during such period it is necessary or appropriate in the opinion of the Company or its counsel or the Representative or Underwriters’ Counsel to amend the Registration Statement or supplement the Prospectus (or if the Prospectus is not yet available to prospective purchasers, the General Disclosure Package ) to comply with the Securities Act or to file under the Exchange Act any document which would be deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Prospectus in order to comply with the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, the Company will promptly notify the Representative and will amend the Registration Statement or supplement the Prospectus (or if the Prospectus is not yet available to prospective purchasers, the General Disclosure Package) or file such document (at the expense of the Company) so as to correct such statement or omission or effect such compliance.

(ii) If at any time following issuance of an Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus there occurred or occurs an event or development as a result of which such Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus conflicted or would conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement, the Statutory Prospectus or the Prospectus or included or would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances then existing, not misleading, the Company has promptly notified or promptly will notify the Representative

and has promptly amended or will promptly amend or supplement, at its own expense, such Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus to eliminate or correct such conflict, untrue statement or omission.

(e) The Company will promptly deliver to the Representative and Underwriters’ Counsel a signed copy of the Registration Statement, as initially filed and all amendments thereto, including all consents and exhibits filed therewith, and will maintain in the Company’s files manually signed copies of such documents for at least five (5) years after the date of filing thereof. The Company will promptly deliver to each of the Underwriters such number of copies of any Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus, the Registration Statement and all amendments of and supplements to such documents, if any, and all documents which are exhibits to the Registration Statement and Prospectus or any amendment thereof or supplement thereto, as the Representative may reasonably request. Prior to 10:00 a.m., Eastern Time, on the Business Day next succeeding the date of this Agreement and from time to time thereafter, the Company will furnish the Representative with copies of the Prospectus in New York City in such quantities as the Underwriters may reasonably request. The Representative will make such request sufficiently in advance of such time to give the Company time to comply.

(f) The Company consents to the use and delivery of the Preliminary Prospectus by the Underwriters in accordance with Rule 430 and Section 5(b) of the Securities Act.

(g) If the Company elects to rely on Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, the Company shall both file a Rule 462(b) Registration Statement with the Commission in compliance with Rule 462(b) and pay the applicable fees in accordance with Rule 111 of the Securities Act by the earlier of: (i) 10:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the date of this Agreement, and (ii) the time that confirmations are given or sent, as specified by Rule 462(b)(2).

(h) The Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts, in cooperation with the Representative, at or prior to the time of effectiveness of the Registration Statement, to qualify the Transaction Securities for offering and sale under the securities laws relating to the offering or sale of the Transaction Securities of such jurisdictions, domestic or foreign, as the Representative may reasonably designate and to maintain such qualification in effect for so long as required for the distribution thereof, except that in no event shall the Company be obligated in connection therewith to qualify as a foreign corporation or other entity or as a dealer in securities in any such jurisdiction, to execute a general consent to service of process in any such jurisdiction, or to subject itself to taxation in any such jurisdiction if it is otherwise not so subject.

(i) Except with respect to: (i) the issuance of securities upon the exercise of options granted under the Company’s equity incentive plan described as outstanding in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus; (ii) any options and other awards granted under a Company equity incentive plan or employee stock purchase plan described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus; (iii) shares of Common Stock issuable to Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated pursuant to the outstanding convertible note, as described in the Registration Statement; and (iv) shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of an outstanding warrant as described in the Registration Statement, neither the Company nor any successor to the Company shall undertake any public or private offerings of any equity securities of the Company (including equity-linked

securities) during the 90 day period following the later of the Closing Date or the last Option Closing Date without the prior written consent of the Representative.

(j) During the 90 day period following the Closing Date, the Company will not file any registration statement relating to the offer or sale of any of the Company’s securities, except a registration statement on Form S-8, or amendment thereafter filed with the Commission in connection with any current equity compensation plans, without the consent of the Representative.

(k) On the Effective Date, the Company and any of the individuals listed on Schedule II hereto (the “Lock-Up Parties”), subject to the exceptions set forth in the agreement substantially in the form attached hereto as Annex I, shall not sell or otherwise dispose of any securities of the Company, whether publicly or in a private placement during the period that their respective lock-up agreements are in effect. The Company will deliver to the Representative the agreements of Lock-Up Parties to the foregoing effect prior to the date of this Agreement, which agreements shall be substantially in the form attached hereto as Annex I (the “Lock-Up Agreement”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Company is no longer an Emerging Growth Company” and, (i) the Company issues an earnings release or material news, or a material event relating to the Company occurs, during the last 17 days of the Lock-Up Period, or (ii) prior to the expiration of the Lock-Up Period, the Company announces that it will release earnings results during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the Lock-Up Period, the restrictions imposed by this clause shall continue to apply until the expiration of the 18-day period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the occurrence of the material news or material event, unless the Representative waives such extension in writing. The Company shall announce the impending release or waiver by press release through a major news service at least two (2) business days before the effective date of the release or waiver.

(l) If the Representative, in its sole discretion, agrees to release or waive the restrictions set forth in a Lock-Up Agreement for an officer or director of the Company and provide the Company with notice of the impending release or waiver at least three business days before the effective date of the release or waiver, the Company agrees to announce the impending release or waiver by (i) a press release substantially in the form of Annex IV hereto through a major news service or (ii) any other method that satisfies the obligations described in FINRA Rule 5131(d)(2) at least two business days before the effective date of the release or waiver.

(m) The Company will promptly notify the Representative if the Company ceases to be an Emerging Growth Company at any time prior to the later of (i) the completion of the distribution of Shares within the meaning of the Securities Act and (ii) the completion of the lock-up period referenced in the Lock-Up Agreement.

(n) For a period of at least two (2) years from the Effective Date, the Company shall retain a nationally recognized PCAOB registered independent public accounting firm reasonably acceptable to the Representative. The Representative acknowledges that the Auditor is acceptable to the Representative.

(o) During the period of two (2) years from the Effective Date, the Company will make available to the Representative copies of all reports or other communications (financial or other) furnished to security holders or from time to time published or publicly disseminated by the Company, and will deliver to the Representative: as soon as practicable after they are available, copies of any reports, financial statements and proxy or information statements furnished to or filed with the Commission or any national securities exchange on which any class of securities of the Company is listed; provided, that any such item which is available on the EDGAR system (or successor thereto) need not be furnished in physical form.

(p) The Company will not issue press releases or engage in any other publicity, without the Representative’s prior written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed, for a period ending at 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on the first Business Day following the fortieth (40th) day following the Closing Date, other than normal and customary releases issued in the ordinary course of the Company’s business, or as required by law.

(q) The Company will retain a transfer agent for the Transaction Securities reasonably acceptable to the Representative for a period of at least two (2) years following the Closing Date. The Representative acknowledges that American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC is acceptable to the Representative.

(r) The Company will apply the net proceeds from the sale of the Firm Securities as set forth under the caption “Use of Proceeds” in the Prospectus. Without the written consent of the Representative, no proceeds of the Offering will be used to pay outstanding loans from officers, directors or stockholders.

(s) The Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to effect and maintain the listing of its Common Stock, the Warrants and the Option Warrants on The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC or the New York Stock Exchange, Inc., for at least two (2) years after the Closing Date.

(t) The Company, during the period when the Prospectus is required to be delivered under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, will file all documents required to be filed with the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the Rules and Regulations within the time periods required thereby.

(u) The Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to do and perform all things required to be done or performed under this Agreement by the Company prior to the Closing Date, and to satisfy all conditions precedent to the delivery of the Transaction Securities.

(v) The Company will not take, and will use its commercially best efforts to cause its Affiliates not to take, directly or indirectly, any action which constitutes or is designed to cause or result in, or which could reasonably be expected to constitute, cause or result in, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security to facilitate the sale or resale of the Transaction Securities.

(w) The Company shall cause to be prepared and delivered to the Representative, at its expense, within two (2) Business Days from the effective date of this Agreement, an

Electronic Prospectus to be used by the Underwriters in connection with the Offering. As used herein, the term “Electronic Prospectus” means a form of prospectus, and any amendment or supplement thereto, that meets each of the following conditions: (i) it shall be encoded in an electronic format, satisfactory to the Representative, that may be transmitted electronically by the other Underwriters to offerees and purchasers of the Firm Securities and the Option Securities for at least the period during which a Prospectus relating to the Transaction Securities is required to be delivered under the Securities Act; (ii) it shall disclose the same information as the paper prospectus and prospectus filed pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent that graphic and image material cannot be disseminated electronically, in which case such graphic and image material shall be replaced in the electronic prospectus with a fair and accurate narrative description or tabular representation of such material, as appropriate; and (iii) it shall be in or convertible into a paper format or an electronic format, satisfactory to the Representative, that will allow recipients thereof to store and have continuously ready access to the prospectus at any time during which a Prospectus relating to the Transaction Securities is required to be delivered under the Securities Act, without charge to such recipients (other than any fee charged for subscription to the Internet as a whole and for on-line time).

(x) The Company represents and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior written consent of the Representative, and the Representative represents and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior written consent of the Company, it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Transaction Securities that would constitute a Testing-the-Waters Communication or an “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433 under the Securities Act, or that would otherwise constitute a “free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act, required to be filed with the Commission; provided that the prior written consent of the parties hereto shall be deemed to have been given in respect of the Testing-the-Waters Communications and the free writing prospectuses included in Schedule III. Any such free writing prospectus consented to by the Company and the Representative is hereinafter referred to as a “Permitted Free Writing Prospectus.” Each of the Company and the Representative represents that it has treated or agrees that it will treat each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, and has complied and will comply with the requirements of Rule 433 applicable to any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, including timely Commission filing where required, legending and record keeping.

5. Payment of Expenses; Right of First Refusal.

(a) Whether or not the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus are consummated or this Agreement is terminated, the Company hereby agrees to pay all costs and expenses incident to the performance of its obligations hereunder including the following:

(i) all filing fees and communication expenses related to the registration of the Transaction Securities to be sold in the Offering, including all expenses in connection with the preparation, printing, formatting for EDGAR and filing of the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus and any and all amendments and supplements thereto and the mailing and delivering of copies thereof to the Underwriters and dealers;

(ii) all fees and expenses in connection with filings with FINRA;

(iii) all fees, disbursements and expenses of the Company’s counsel and accountants in connection with the registration of the Transaction Securities under the Securities Act and the Offering;

(iv) all fees and expenses in connection with listing of its Common Stock, the Warrants and the Option Warrants on the NASDAQ Capital Market;

(v) the costs of all mailing and printing of the underwriting documents (including this Agreement, any blue sky surveys and, if appropriate, any Agreement Among Underwriters, Selected Dealers’ Agreement, Underwriters’ Questionnaire and Power of Attorney);

(vi) all travel expenses of the Company’s officers and employees and any other expense of the Company incurred in connection with attending or hosting meetings with prospective purchasers of the Firm Securities and Option Securities;

(vii) any stock transfer taxes or other taxes incurred in connection with this Agreement or the Offering;

(viii) the cost of preparing certificates representing the Transaction Securities;

(ix) the cost and charges of any transfer agent or registrar for the Transaction Securities;

(x) any reasonable cost and expenses in conducting background checks of the Company’s officers and directors by a background search firm acceptable to the Representative;

(xi) any fees and expenses of Underwriters’ Counsel;

(xii) the cost of preparing, printing and delivering certificates representing each of the Transaction Securities;

(xiii) all other costs, fees and expenses incident to the performance of the Company’s obligations hereunder which are not otherwise specifically provided for in this Section 5;

provided, however, that the maximum amount of fees, costs and expenses incurred by the Underwriters (inclusive of legal fees, disbursement and costs) that the Company shall be responsible for shall not exceed $75,000. The Company and the Representative acknowledge that the Company has previously paid to the Representative an advance in an amount of $25,000 (the “Advance”) against the Representative’s out-of-pocket expenses actually anticipated to be incurred, which Advance shall be reimbursed to the Company to the extent such expenses are not actually incurred.

(b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 5, in the event that this Agreement is terminated by the Company, pursuant to Section 11(b), or subsequent to a Material Adverse Effect, the Company will pay the out-of-pocket expenses actually incurred as allowed under FINRA Rule 5110 by the Underwriters through the date of such termination (including the

fees and disbursements of Underwriters’ Counsel ) in an aggregate amount not to exceed $75,000, less the Advance previously paid.

(c) Effective upon the Closing, if the Offering results in gross proceeds to the Company of at least $10.0 million, then, for a period of nine (9) months following the Closing Date, the Company hereby grants the Representative a right of first refusal to act as lead managing underwriter and book runner (or lead placement agent) with economics at least equal to those of the other book runner (or co-lead placement agent) receiving the highest economics for any and all future registered offerings and private placements of equity, equity-linked and debt (excluding commercial bank debt) offerings of the Company during such nine (9) month period, including those of any of the Company’s successors or any of the Company’s subsidiaries; provided, however, that if the Offering results in gross proceeds to the Company of at least $12.0 million, all references to “nine (9)” in this sentence (other than in this provisio) shall be deemed to be “twelve (12)”. The Representative will not have more than one opportunity to waive or terminate the right of first refusal in consideration of any payment or fee.

6. Conditions of Underwriters’ Obligations. The obligations of the Underwriters to purchase and pay for the Firm Securities or the Option Securities, as the case may be, as provided herein shall be subject to: (i) the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Company herein contained, as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, (ii) the absence from any certificates, opinions, written statements or letters furnished to the Representative or to Underwriters’ Counsel pursuant to this Section 6 of any material misstatement or omission, (iii) the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder, and (iv) each of the following additional conditions.

(a) The Registration Statement shall have become effective and all necessary regulatory or listing approvals shall have been received not later than 5:30 p.m., Eastern Time, on the date of this Agreement, or at such later time and date as shall have been consented to in writing by the Representative. If the Company shall have elected to rely upon Rule 430A under the Securities Act, the Prospectus shall have been filed with the Commission in a timely fashion in accordance with the terms hereof and a form of the Prospectus containing information relating to the description of the Transaction Securities and the method of distribution and similar matters shall have been filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) within the applicable time period; and, at or prior to the Closing Date or the actual time of the Closing, no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any part thereof, or any amendment thereof, nor suspending or preventing the use of the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus shall have been issued; no proceedings for the issuance of such an order shall have been initiated or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened; any request of the Commission for additional information (to be included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or otherwise) shall have been complied with to the Representative’s satisfaction; and FINRA shall have raised no objection to the fairness and reasonableness of the underwriting terms and arrangements.

(b) The Representative shall not have reasonably determined, and advised the Company, that the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, or any amendment thereof or supplement thereto, or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, contains an untrue statement of fact which, in the Representative’s reasonable opinion, is material, or

omits to state a fact which, in the Representative’s reasonable opinion, is material and is required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; provided, however, that if in the Representative’s opinion such deficiency is curable, the Representative shall have given the Company reasonable notice of such deficiency and a reasonable chance to cure such deficiency.

(c) The Representative shall have received: (i) the written opinion and negative assurance letter of Paul Hastings LLP, legal counsel for the Company, dated as of the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, as applicable, and addressed to the Representative substantially in the form attached hereto as Annex II, and (ii) the written opinion of Knobbe Martens Olson & Bear, LLP, intellectual property legal counsel to the Company, dated as of the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, as applicable, and addressed to the Representative substantially in the form attached hereto as Annex III.

(d) The Representative shall have received a certificate of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, dated as of the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date to the effect that: (i) the condition set forth in subsection (a) of this Section 6 has been satisfied, (ii) as of the date hereof and as of the applicable Closing Date or Option Closing Date, the representations and warranties of the Company set forth in this Agreement are accurate, (iii) as of the applicable Closing Date or Option Closing Date, all agreements, conditions and obligations of the Company to be performed or complied with hereunder on or prior thereto have been duly performed or complied with, (iv) the Company has not sustained any material loss or interference with its business, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor dispute or any legal or governmental proceeding, (v) no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereof has been issued and no proceedings therefor have been initiated or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened by the Commission, and (vi) subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus there has not been any Material Adverse Effect.

(e) On the date of this Agreement, the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, the Representative shall have received a “cold comfort” letter from the Auditor as of the date of delivery and addressed to the Representative and in form and substance satisfactory to the Representative and Underwriters’ Counsel, confirming that they are independent certified public accountants with respect to the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act and the Rules and Regulations, and stating, as of the date of delivery (or, with respect to matters involving changes or developments since the respective dates as of which specified financial information is given in the Prospectus, as of a date not more than five (5) days prior to the date of such letter), the conclusions and findings of such firm with respect to the financial information and other matters relating to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus covered by such letter.

(f) Subsequent to the execution and delivery of this Agreement and prior to the Closing Date and any Option Closing Date, there shall not have been any change in the capital stock or long-term debt of the Company or any change or development that would cause, or reasonably be expected to cause, a Material Adverse Effect, including but not limited to, from the occurrence of any fire, flood, storm, explosion, accident, act of war or terrorism or other calamity, the effect of which, in any such case described above, is, in the sole judgment of the

Representative, so material and adverse as to make it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the Offering on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Prospectus (exclusive of any supplement).

(g) Prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Representative shall have received a Lock-Up Agreement from each Lock-Up Party, duly executed by the applicable Lock-Up Party, in each case substantially in the form attached hereto as Annex I.

(h) The Common Stock is registered under the Exchange Act and, as of the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, the Firm Shares and Option Shares, as applicable, shall be listed and admitted and authorized for trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market and satisfactory evidence of such action shall have been provided to the Representative. The Company shall have taken no action designed to terminate, or likely to have the effect of terminating, the registration of the Firm Shares or Option Shares under the Exchange Act or designed to delist or suspend, or likely to have the effect of delisting or suspending, from trading its Common Stock from the NASDAQ Capital Market, nor has the Company received any written information suggesting that the Commission or the NASDAQ Capital Market is contemplating terminating such registration or listing. The Transaction Securities shall be DTC eligible.

(i) FINRA shall have confirmed that it has not raised any objection with respect to the fairness and reasonableness of the underwriting terms and arrangements.

(j) No action shall have been taken and no statute, rule, regulation or order shall have been enacted, adopted or issued by any federal, state or foreign governmental or regulatory authority that would, as of the Closing Date or any Option Closing Date, prevent the issuance or sale of any Firm Securities or Option Securities; and no injunction or order of any federal, state or foreign court shall have been issued that would, as of the Closing Date or any Option Closing Date, prevent the issuance or sale of any Transaction Securities or materially and adversely affect the business or operations of the Company.

(k) The Company shall have furnished the Representative and Underwriters’ Counsel with a Certificate of Good Standing for the Company certified by the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware dated as of a date within five (5) days of the Closing Date and or the Option Closing Date, as applicable.

(l) The Company shall have furnished the Representative and Underwriters’ Counsel with such other certificates, opinions or other documents as they may have reasonably requested.

If any of the conditions specified in this Section 6 shall not have been fulfilled when and as required by this Agreement, or if any of the certificates, opinions, written statements or letters furnished to the Representative or to Underwriters’ Counsel pursuant to this Section 6 shall not be reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Representative and to Underwriters’ Counsel, all obligations of the Underwriters hereunder may be cancelled by the Representative at, or at any time prior to, the consummation of the Closing. Notice of such cancellation shall be given to the Company in writing or by telephone. Any such telephonic notice shall be confirmed promptly thereafter in writing.

7. Indemnification.

(a) The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, its officers, directors and employees, and each person, if any, who controls such Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, against any losses, liabilities, claims, damages and expenses whatsoever as incurred (including but not limited to reasonable attorneys’ fees and any and all expenses reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever, and any and all amounts paid in settlement of any claim or litigation), joint or several, to which they or any of them may become subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise (including in settlement of any litigation if such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Company), insofar as such losses, liabilities, claims, damages or expenses (or actions in respect thereof) (i) arise out of or are based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in (A) the Registration Statement, including the information deemed to be a part of the Registration Statement at the time of effectiveness and at any subsequent time pursuant to Rules 430A and 430B of the Rules and Regulations, the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto (including any documents filed under the Exchange Act and deemed to be incorporated by reference into the Prospectus), or (B) any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or in any other materials or information provided to investors by, or with the approval of, the Company in connection with the marketing of the Offering, or any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication, including any road show or investor presentations made to investors by the Company (whether in person or electronically) (collectively “Marketing Materials”), or (C) any filings or reports filed by the Company under the Exchange Act or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and will reimburse such indemnified party for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by it in connection with investigating or defending against such loss, claim, damage, liability or action; (ii) in whole or in part upon any breach of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein; or (iii) in whole or in part upon any breach of any covenant of the Company contained herein; provided, however, that the Company shall not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus or any such amendment or supplement, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any other Marketing Materials, in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriters’ Information.

(b) Each Underwriter, severally and not jointly, shall indemnify and hold harmless the Company, each of the directors of the Company, each of the officers of the Company who shall have signed the Registration Statement, and each other person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, against any losses, liabilities, claims, damages and expenses whatsoever as incurred (including but not limited to reasonable attorneys’ fees and any and all expenses reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever, and any and all amounts paid in settlement of any claim or litigation), joint or several, to which they or any of them may become subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise (including in settlement of any litigation if such

settlement is effected with the written consent of the Representative), insofar as such losses, liabilities, claims, damages or expenses (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, as originally filed or any amendment thereof, or any related Preliminary Prospectus, the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus, or in any amendment thereof or supplement thereto, or any Marketing Materials or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and will reimburse such indemnified party for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by it in connection with investigating or defending against such loss, liability, claim, damage, action or expense, in each case to the extent, but only to the extent, that any such loss, liability, claim, damage, action or expense arises out of or is based upon any such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in the Registration Statement, as originally filed or any amendment thereof, or any related Preliminary Prospectus, the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus, or in any amendment thereof or supplement thereto, or any Marketing Materials in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriters’ Information; provided, however, that in no case shall any Underwriter be liable or responsible for any amount in excess of the underwriting discount applicable to the Firm Securities or Option Securities to be purchased by such Underwriter hereunder. The parties agree that such information provided by or on behalf of any Underwriter through the Representative consists solely of the material referred to in the last sentence of Section 2(b).

(c) Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under subsection (a) or (b) above of notice of any claims or the commencement of any action, such indemnified party shall, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against the indemnifying party under such subsection, notify each party against whom indemnification is to be sought in writing of the claim or the commencement thereof (but the failure to so notify an indemnifying party shall not relieve the indemnifying party from any liability which it may have under this Section 7 to the extent that it is not materially prejudiced as a result thereof and in any event shall not relieve it from any liability that such indemnifying party may have otherwise than on account of the indemnity agreement hereunder). In case any such claim or action is brought against any indemnified party, and it notifies an indemnifying party of the commencement thereof, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate, at its own expense, in the defense of such action, and to the extent it may elect by written notice delivered to the indemnified party promptly after receiving the aforesaid notice from such indemnified party, to assume the defense thereof with counsel satisfactory to such indemnified party; provided, however, that counsel to the indemnifying party shall not (except with the written consent of the indemnified party) also be counsel to the indemnified party. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the indemnified party or parties shall have the right to employ its or their own counsel in any such case, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such indemnified party or parties unless (i) the employment of such counsel shall have been authorized in writing by one of the indemnifying parties in connection with the defense of such action, (ii) the indemnifying parties shall not have employed counsel to have charge of the defense of such action within a reasonable time after notice of commencement of the action, (iii) the indemnifying party does not diligently defend the action after assumption of the defense, or (iv) such indemnified party or parties shall have reasonably concluded that a conflict may arise between the positions of the indemnifying party and the indemnified party, or any of them, in conducting the defense of any such action or there may be legal defenses available to it or them which are different from or additional to those available to

one or all of the indemnifying parties (in which case the indemnifying parties shall not have the right to direct the defense of such action on behalf of the indemnified party or parties), in any of which events such fees and expenses shall be borne by the indemnifying parties and shall be paid as incurred. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the indemnified parties, effect any settlement or compromise of, or consent to the entry of judgment with respect to, any pending or threatened claim, investigation, action or proceeding in respect of which indemnity or contribution may be or could have been sought by an indemnified party under this Section 7 or Section 8 (whether or not the indemnified party is an actual or potential party thereto), unless (x) such settlement, compromise or judgment (i) includes an unconditional release of the indemnified party from all liability arising out of such claim, investigation, action or proceeding and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or any failure to act, by or on behalf of the indemnified party, and (y) the indemnifying party confirms in writing its indemnification obligations hereunder with respect to such settlement, compromise or judgment.

8. Contribution. In order to provide for contribution in circumstances in which the indemnification provided for in Section 7 is for any reason held to be unavailable from any indemnifying party or is insufficient to hold harmless a party indemnified thereunder, the Company and the Underwriters shall contribute to the aggregate losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses of the nature contemplated by such indemnification provision (including any investigation, legal and other expenses incurred in connection with, and any amount paid in settlement of, any action, suit or proceeding or any claims asserted, but after deducting in the case of losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses suffered by the Company, any contribution received by the Company from persons, other than the Underwriters, who may also be liable for contribution, including persons who control the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, officers of the Company who signed the Registration Statement and directors of the Company) as incurred to which the Company and one or more of the Underwriters may be subject, in such proportions as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company and the Underwriters from the Offering or, if such allocation is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportions as are appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to above but also the relative fault of the Company and the Underwriters in connection with the statements or omissions which resulted in such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company and the Underwriters shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as (x) the total proceeds from the Offering (net of underwriting discounts and commissions but before deducting expenses) received by the Company bears to (y) the underwriting discount or commissions received by the Underwriters, in each case as set forth in the table on the cover page of the Prospectus. The relative fault of each of the Company and of the Underwriters shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or the Underwriters and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 8 were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to above in this Section 8. The aggregate amount of losses, liabilities, claims, damages

and expenses incurred by an indemnified party and referred to above in this Section 8 shall be deemed to include any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any judicial, regulatory or other legal or governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 8: (i) no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the discounts and commissions applicable to the Firm Shares and Option Shares underwritten by it and distributed to the public exceeds the amount of any damages which such Underwriter has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission and (ii) no person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. For purposes of this Section 8, each person, if any, who controls an Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act shall have the same rights to contribution as such Underwriter, and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, each officer of the Company who shall have signed the Registration Statement and each director of the Company shall have the same rights to contribution as the Company, subject in each case to clauses (i) and (ii) of the immediately preceding sentence. Any party entitled to contribution will, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of any action, suit or proceeding against such party in respect of which a claim for contribution may be made against another party or parties, notify each party or parties from whom contribution may be sought, but the omission to so notify such party or parties shall not relieve the party or parties from whom contribution may be sought from any obligation it or they may have under this Section 8 or otherwise. The obligations of the Underwriters to contribute pursuant to this Section 8 are several in proportion to the respective number of Firm Securities to be purchased by each of the Underwriters hereunder and not joint.

9. Underwriter Default.

(a) If any Underwriter or Underwriters shall default in its or their obligation to purchase Firm Securities hereunder, and if the securities with respect to which such default relates (the “Default Securities”) do not (after giving effect to arrangements, if any, made by the Representative pursuant to subsection (b) below) exceed in the aggregate 10% of the number of Firm Securities, each non-defaulting Underwriter, acting severally and not jointly, agrees to purchase from the Company that number of Default Securities that bears the same proportion of the total number of Default Securities then being purchased as the number of Firm Securities set forth opposite the name of such Underwriter on Schedule I hereto bears to the aggregate number of Firm Securities set forth opposite the names of the non-defaulting Underwriters, subject, however, to such adjustments to eliminate fractional shares as the Representative in its sole discretion shall make.

(b) In the event that the aggregate number of Default Securities exceeds 10% of the number of Firm Securities, the Representative may in its discretion arrange for themselves or for another party or parties (including any non-defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters who so agree) to purchase the Default Securities on the terms contained herein. In the event that within 48 hours after such a default the Representative does not arrange for the purchase of the Default

Securities as provided in this Section 9, this Agreement shall thereupon terminate, without liability on the part of the Company with respect thereto (except in each case as provided in Sections 5, 7, 8, 9 and 11(d)) or the Underwriters, but nothing in this Agreement shall relieve a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters of its or their liability, if any, to the other Underwriters and the Company for damages occasioned by its or their default hereunder.

(c) In the event that any Default Securities are to be purchased by the non-defaulting Underwriters, or are to be purchased by another party or parties as aforesaid, the Representative or the Company shall have the right to postpone the Closing Date for a period, not exceeding five (5) Business Days, in order to effect whatever changes may thereby be necessary in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or in any other documents and arrangements, and the Company agrees to file promptly any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus which, in the reasonable opinion of Underwriters’ Counsel, may thereby be made necessary or advisable. The term “Underwriter” as used in this Agreement shall include any party substituted under this Section 9 with like effect as if it had originally been a party to this Agreement with respect to such Firm Securities.

10. Survival of Representations and Agreements. All representations and warranties, covenants and agreements of the Company and the Underwriters contained in this Agreement or in certificates of officers of the Company submitted pursuant hereto, including the agreements contained in Section 5, this Section 10 and Sections 14 and 15, the indemnity agreements contained in Section 7 and the contribution agreements contained in Section 8, shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of any Underwriter or any controlling person thereof or by or on behalf of the Company, any of its officers and directors or any controlling person thereof, and shall survive delivery of and payment for the Firm Securities and the Option Securities to and by the Underwriters. The representations, covenants and agreements contained in Sections 5, 7, 8, this Section 10 and Sections 12, 13, 14 and 15 shall survive any termination of this Agreement, including termination pursuant to Section 9 or 11. The representations, covenants and obligations contained in Sections 2, 3 and 4 shall survive termination of this Agreement if any Securities are purchased pursuant to this Agreement.

11. Effective Date of Agreement; Termination.

(a) This Agreement shall become effective upon the later of: (i) receipt by the Representative and the Company of notification of the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or (ii) the execution of this Agreement. Notwithstanding any termination of this Agreement, the provisions of this Section 11 and of Sections 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14 and 15, inclusive, shall remain in full force and effect at all times after the execution hereof. If this Agreement is terminated after any Firm Securities or Option Securities have been purchased hereunder, the provisions of Sections 2, 3 and 4 shall survive termination of this Agreement.

(b) The Representative shall have the right to terminate this Agreement at any time prior to the consummation of the Closing if: (i) any domestic or international event or act or occurrence has materially disrupted, or in the opinion of the Representative will in the immediate future materially disrupt, the market for the Company’s securities or securities in general; (ii) trading on the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. or The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC shall have

been suspended or been made subject to material limitations, or minimum or maximum prices for trading shall have been fixed, or maximum ranges for prices for securities shall have been required, on the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. or The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC or by order of the Commission, FINRA or any other governmental authority having jurisdiction; (iii) a banking moratorium has been declared by any state or federal authority or if any material disruption in commercial banking or securities settlement or clearance services shall have occurred; or (iv) (A) there shall have occurred any outbreak or escalation of hostilities or acts of terrorism involving the United States or there is a declaration of a national emergency or war by the United States or (B) there shall have been any other calamity or crisis or any change in political, financial or economic conditions if the effect of any such event in (A) or (B), in the judgment of the Representative, is so material and adverse that such event makes it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering, sale and delivery of the Firm Securities on the terms and in the manner contemplated by the Prospectus.

(d) If this Agreement shall be terminated pursuant to any of the provisions hereof or if the sale of the Firm Securities or the Option Securities provided for herein is not consummated because any condition to the obligations of the Underwriters set forth herein is not satisfied or because of any refusal, inability or failure on the part of the Company to perform any agreement herein or comply with any provision hereof, the Company will, subject to demand by the Representative, reimburse the Underwriters for those out-of-pocket expenses (including the actual, reasonable and documented fees and expenses of Underwriters’ Counsel), actually and reasonably incurred by the Underwriters in connection herewith in an aggregate amount not to exceed $75,000, less the Advance previously paid.

12. Notices. All communications hereunder, except as may be otherwise specifically provided herein, shall be in writing, and:

(a) if sent to the Representative or any Underwriter, shall be mailed, delivered or faxed and confirmed in writing, to:

Maxim Group LLC

405 Lexington Avenue

New York, New York 10174

Attention:

Fax: 212 ###-###-####

with a copy to Underwriters’ Counsel at:

Loeb & Loeb LLP

345 Park Avenue

New York, NY 10154

Attention: Mitchell S. Nussbaum, Esq.

Fax: ###-###-####

(b) if sent to the Company, shall be mailed, delivered or faxed and confirmed in writing to the Company’s agent for service as such agent’s address appears on the cover page of the Registration Statement with a copy to Paul Hastings LLP, 1117 S. California Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, Attention: Jeffrey T. Hartlin, Esq., Fax: 650 ###-###-####;

provided, however, that any notice to an Underwriter pursuant to Section 7 shall be delivered or sent by mail or facsimile transmission to such Underwriter at its address set forth in its acceptance facsimile to the Representative, which address will be supplied to any other party hereto by the Representative upon request. Any such notices and other communications shall take effect at the time of receipt thereof.

13. Parties; Limitation of Relationship. This Agreement shall inure solely to the benefit of, and shall be binding upon, the Underwriters, the Company and the controlling persons, directors, officers, employees and agents referred to in Sections 7 and 8, and their respective successors and assigns, and no other person shall have or be construed to have any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of or by virtue of this Agreement or any provision herein contained. This Agreement and all conditions and provisions hereof are intended to be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the parties hereto and said controlling persons and their respective successors, officers, directors, heirs and legal representatives, and it is not for the benefit of any other person. The term “successors and assigns” shall not include a purchaser, in its capacity as such, of Firm Securities and the Option Securities from any of the Underwriters.

14. Submission of Jurisdiction; Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. The Company irrevocably (a) submits to the jurisdiction of any court of the State of New York for the purpose of any suit, action or other proceeding arising out of this Agreement, or any of the agreements or transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (each, a “Proceeding”), (b) agrees that all claims in respect of any Proceeding may be heard and determined in any such court, (c) waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any immunity from jurisdiction of any such court or from any legal process therein, (d) agrees not to commence any Proceeding other than in such courts, and (e) waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claim that such Proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum. EACH OF THE COMPANY (ON BEHALF OF ITSELF AND, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, ON BEHALF OF ITS RESPECTIVE EQUITY HOLDERS AND CREDITORS) HEREBY WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN RESPECT OF ANY CLAIM BASED UPON, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT AND THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED BY THIS AGREEMENT, THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT, AND THE PROSPECTUS.

15. Entire Agreement. This Agreement, together with the schedules and annexes attached hereto and as the same may be amended from time to time in accordance with the terms hereof, contains the entire agreement among the parties hereto relating to the subject matter hereof and there are no other or further agreements outstanding not specifically mentioned herein.

16. Severability. If any term or provision of this Agreement or the performance thereof shall be invalid or unenforceable to any extent, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect or

render invalid or unenforceable any other provision of this Agreement and this Agreement shall be valid and enforced to the fullest extent permitted by law.

17. Amendment. This Agreement may only be amended by a written instrument executed by each of the parties hereto.

18. Waiver, etc. The failure of any of the parties hereto to at any time enforce any of the provisions of this Agreement shall not be deemed or construed to be a waiver of any such provision, nor to in any way affect the validity of this Agreement or any provision hereof or the right of any of the parties hereto to thereafter enforce each and every provision of this Agreement. No waiver of any breach, non-compliance or non-fulfillment of any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be effective unless set forth in a written instrument executed by the party or parties against whom or which enforcement of such waiver is sought; and no waiver of any such breach, non-compliance or non-fulfillment shall be construed or deemed to be a waiver of any other or subsequent breach, non-compliance or non-fulfillment.

19. No Fiduciary Relationship. The Company hereby acknowledges that the Underwriters are acting solely as underwriters in connection with the offering of the Company’s securities. The Company further acknowledges that the Underwriters are acting pursuant to a contractual relationship created solely by this Agreement entered into on an arm’s length basis and in no event do the parties intend that the Underwriters act or be responsible as a fiduciary to the Company, its management, stockholders, creditors or any other person in connection with any activity that the Underwriters may undertake or have undertaken in furtherance of the Offering by the Company of the Transaction Securities, either before or after the date hereof. The Underwriters hereby expressly disclaim any fiduciary or similar obligations to the Company, either in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any matters leading up to such transactions, and the Company hereby confirms its understanding and agreement to that effect. The Company hereby further confirms its understanding that no Underwriter has assumed an advisory or fiduciary responsibility in favor of the Company with respect to the Offering contemplated hereby or the process leading thereto, including any negotiation related to the pricing of the Firm Securities or the Option Securities; and the Company has consulted its own legal and financial advisors to the extent it has deemed appropriate in connection with this Agreement and the Offering. The Company and the Underwriters agree that they are each responsible for making their own independent judgments with respect to any such transactions, and that any opinions or views expressed by the Underwriters to the Company regarding such transactions, including but not limited to any opinions or views with respect to the price or market for the Company’s securities, do not constitute advice or recommendations to the Company. The Company hereby waives and releases, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims that the Company may have against the Underwriters with respect to any breach or alleged breach of any fiduciary or similar duty to the Company in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any matters leading up to such transactions.

20. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute one and the same instrument. Delivery of a signed counterpart of this Agreement by facsimile or other electronic transmission shall constitute valid and sufficient delivery thereof.

21. Headings. The headings herein are inserted for convenience of reference only and are not intended to be part of, or to affect the meaning or interpretation of, this Agreement.

22. Time is of the Essence. Time shall be of the essence of this Agreement. As used herein, the term “Business Day” shall mean any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or any day on which the major stock exchanges in New York, New York are not open for business.

[Signature Page Follows]

If the foregoing correctly sets forth your understanding, please so indicate in the space provided below for that purpose, whereupon this letter shall constitute a binding agreement among us.


Very truly yours,

VIKING THERAPEUTICS, INC.

By:
Name:		Brian Lian, Ph.D.
Title:		President and Chief Executive Officer

Accepted by the Representative, acting for themselves and as

Representative of the Underwriters named on Schedule I attached hereto,

as of the date first written above:


MAXIM GROUP LLC

By:
Name:
Title:

[Signature Page to Underwriting Agreement]

SCHEDULE I


Name of Underwriter	Number of Firm Shares Being Purchased	Number of Option Shares to be Purchased if the Over-Allotment Option is Fully Exercised
Maxim Group LLC
FBR Capital Markets & Co.

SCHEDULE II

Lock-Up Parties

Brian Lian, Ph.D.

Michael Morneau

Rochelle Hanley, M.D.

Matthew W. Foehr

Lawson Macartney, DVM, Ph.D.

Matthew Singleton

Stephen W. Webster

Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated

SCHEDULE III

Free Writing Prospectus; Written Testing-the-Waters Communications

[None.]

ANNEX I

FORM OF LOCK-UP AGREEMENT

, 2016

MAXIM GROUP LLC

405 Lexington Avenue

New York, NY 10174

As Representative of the Underwriters

named on Schedule I hereto

Ladies and Gentlemen:

The undersigned, a holder of common stock, par value $0.00001 per share (“Common Stock”), or rights to acquire Common Stock, of Viking Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”) understands that you, as representative (the “Representative”) of the several Underwriters, propose to enter into an Underwriting Agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with the Company, providing for the public offering of Common Stock and warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock (the “Securities”) pursuant to registration statement number 333-208182 (the “Public Offering”) by the several Underwriters named on Schedule I to the Underwriting Agreement (the “Underwriters”). Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings set forth in the Underwriting Agreement.

In consideration of the Underwriters’ agreement to enter into the Underwriting Agreement and to proceed with the Public Offering of the Securities, and for other good and valuable consideration receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the undersigned hereby agrees for the benefit of the Company, the Representative and the other Underwriters that, without the prior written consent of the Representative, the undersigned will not, during the period ending 90 days (the “Lock-Up Period”) after the date of the final prospectus supplement relating to the Public Offering (the “Effective Date”), directly or indirectly, unless otherwise provided herein, (a) offer, sell, agree to offer or sell, solicit offers to purchase, grant any call option or purchase any put option with respect to, pledge, borrow or otherwise dispose (each a “Transfer”) of any Relevant Security (as defined below), or (b) establish or increase any “put equivalent position” or liquidate or decrease any “call equivalent position” (in each case within the meaning of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder) with respect to any Relevant Security, or otherwise enter into any swap, derivative or other transaction or arrangement that Transfers to another, in whole or in part, any economic consequence of ownership of a Relevant Security, whether or not such transaction is to be settled by delivery of Relevant Securities, other securities, cash or other consideration. As used herein, the term “Relevant Security” means any shares of Common Stock, warrant or option to purchase Common Stock or other security of the Company that is convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or equity securities of the Company, in each case that are owned by the undersigned on the Effective Date or acquired by the undersigned during the Lock-Up Period.

In addition, the undersigned hereby agrees that, without the prior written consent of the Representative, during the Lock-Up Period and except with respect to the rights of the undersigned to participate in the Public Offering, the undersigned will not: (i) file or participate in the filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission of any registration statement, or circulate or participate in the circulation of any preliminary or final prospectus or other disclosure document with respect to any proposed offering or sale of a Relevant Security and (ii) exercise any rights the undersigned may have to require registration with the Securities and Exchange Commission of any proposed offering or sale of a Relevant Security.

In addition, to the extent the Company ceases to be an “Emerging Growth Company” at any time prior to the expiration of the Lock-Up Period and if: (i) the Company issues an earnings release or material news or a material event relating to the Company occurs during the last seventeen (17) days of the Lock-Up Period, or (ii) prior to the expiration of the Lock-Up Period, the Company announces that it will release earnings results during the sixteen (16)-day period beginning on the last day of the Lock-Up Period, the restrictions imposed by this Agreement shall continue to apply until the expiration of the eighteen (18)-day period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the occurrence of the material news or material event, as applicable, unless the Representative waives, in writing, such extension or the undersigned receives prior written confirmation from the Representative or the Company that the restrictions imposed herein have expired.

In furtherance of the undersigned’s obligations hereunder, the undersigned hereby authorizes the Company during the Lock-Up Period to cause any transfer agent for the Relevant Securities to decline to transfer, and to note stop transfer restrictions on the stock register and other records relating to, Relevant Securities for which the undersigned is the record holder and the transfer of which would be a violation of this lock-up agreement and, in the case of Relevant Securities for which the undersigned is the beneficial but not the record holder, agrees during the Lock-Up Period to cause the record holder to cause the relevant transfer agent to decline to transfer, and to note stop transfer restrictions on the stock register and other records relating to, such Relevant Securities to the extent such transfer would be violation of this lock-up agreement.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the undersigned may transfer the undersigned’s Relevant Securities (i) as a bona fide gift or gifts, (ii) for bona fide financial and estate planning purposes, including, but not limited to, transfers to any trust for the direct or indirect benefit of the undersigned or the immediate family of the undersigned, (iii) if the undersigned is a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other business entity (1) to another corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other business entity that is a direct or indirect affiliate (as defined in Rule 405 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended) of the undersigned or (2) to limited partners, limited liability company members or stockholders of the undersigned, (iv) if the undersigned is a trust, to the beneficiary of such trust, (v) by testate succession or intestate succession, (vi) by operation of law, such as pursuant to a qualified domestic order or in connection with a divorce decree or settlement, provided, in the case of clauses (i)-(vi), that such transfer shall not involve a disposition for value and the transferee agrees in writing with the Underwriters and the Company to be bound by the terms of this lock-up agreement, (vii) to the Company pursuant to any contractual arrangement that provides for the repurchase of the undersigned’s Common Stock or such other securities by the Company or in connection with the termination of the undersigned’s employment or other service relationship

with the Company, or (viii) pursuant to a bona fide third party tender offer, merger, consolidation or other similar transaction made to all holders of the Company’s capital stock involving a change of control of the Company, provided that in the event that the tender offer, merger, consolidation or other such transaction is not completed, the undersigned’s Common Stock shall remain subject to the restrictions set forth herein, and provided further that the consideration per share of Common Stock paid in such transaction shall be no less than the public offering price per share paid in the Public Offering. For purposes of this Agreement, “immediate family” shall mean any relationship by blood, marriage or adoption, not more remote than first cousin.

In addition, the foregoing restrictions shall not apply to (i) the exercise of stock options granted pursuant to the Company’s equity incentive plans (whether on a cash or cashless basis) or the conversion or redemption of outstanding convertible securities, provided that such restrictions shall apply to any of the Relevant Securities issued upon such exercise, conversion or redemption, as the case may be, (ii) the establishment or modification of any contract, instruction or plan (a “Plan”) that satisfies all of the requirements of Rule 10b5-1(c)(1)(i)(B) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; provided that no sales of the undersigned’s Relevant Securities shall be made pursuant to such a Plan prior to the expiration of the Lock-Up Period (as such may have been extended pursuant to the provisions hereof), or (iii) transfers of the Relevant Securities to the Company in transactions exempt from Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act, provided that no filing by any party under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act shall be required or shall be made voluntarily in connection with such transfer.

If the undersigned is an officer or director of the Company, the undersigned acknowledges that the Company has agreed in the Underwriting Agreement to announce the impending release or waiver by press release through a major news service at least two (2) business days before the effective date of the release or waiver. Any release or waiver granted by the Representative hereunder to any such officer or director shall only be effective two (2) business days after the publication date of such press release. The provisions of this paragraph will not apply if (a) the release or waiver is effected solely to permit a transfer not for consideration and (b) the transferee has agreed in writing to be bound by the same terms described in this Agreement to the extent and for the duration that such terms remain in effect at the time of the transfer.

The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the undersigned has full power and authority to enter into this letter agreement and that this letter agreement constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of the undersigned, enforceable in accordance with its terms. Upon request, the undersigned will execute any additional documents necessary in connection with enforcement hereof. Any obligations of the undersigned shall be binding upon the successors and assigns of the undersigned from the date first above written.

The undersigned understands that, if the Underwriting Agreement or the Registration Statement does not become effective, the Company or the Representative informs the other that it does not intend to proceed with the Public Offering, or if the Underwriting Agreement (other than the provisions thereof which survive termination) shall terminate or be terminated prior to payment for and delivery of the Securities to be sold thereunder, the undersigned shall be released from all obligations under this letter agreement.

The undersigned, whether or not participating in the Public Offering, understands that the Underwriters are entering into the Underwriting Agreement and proceeding with the Public Offering in reliance upon this letter agreement.

This lock-up agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, without regard to the conflict of laws principles thereof. Delivery of a signed copy of this letter agreement by facsimile or e-mail/.pdf transmission shall be effective as delivery of the original hereof.


Very truly yours,


(Name - Please Print)


(Signature)


(Name of Signatory, in the case of entities - Please Print)


(Title of Signatory, in the case of entities - Please Print)

Address: