Description of the Registrants Securities
Exhibit 4.1
DESCRIPTION OF THE REGISTRANT’S SECURITIES
REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
General
We are currently authorized to issue up to 1,500,000,000 shares of Common Stock, and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of which none were issued and outstanding as of the date of this Annual Report. All of our issued and outstanding shares have been validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
Our bylaws permit the board of directors to issue the whole or any part of any unissued balance of the authorized capital stock. Our certificate of incorporation permits us to increase or decrease the number of authorized shares of Common Stock by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the stock of the Company entitled to vote.
Common Stock
Voting Rights
Holders of our Common Stock are entitled to one vote for each share held on all matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders. Holders of our Common Stock have no cumulative voting rights. Further, holders of our Common Stock have no preemptive, conversion, redemption or subscription rights and there are no sinking fund provisions applicable to our Common Stock.
Liquidation Rights
In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, holders of our Common Stock have the right under Section 281 of the Delaware General Corporation Law to a ratable portion of assets remaining after satisfaction in full of the prior rights of our creditors, all liabilities and the total liquidation preferences of any outstanding shares of preferred stock.
Dividends
Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding shares of preferred stock, holders of our Common Stock are entitled to receive dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by our board of directors, or board, out of our assets which are legally available.
Preferred Stock
Our Certificate of Incorporation authorizes 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of which none were issued and outstanding as of the date of this registration statement. The board of directors is authorized to provide for the issuance of these unissued shares of preferred stock in one or more series, and to fix the number of shares and to determine the rights, preferences and privileges thereof. Accordingly, the board of directors may issue preferred stock which may convert into large numbers of shares of Common Stock and consequently lead to further dilution of other shareholders.
On November 22, 2020, certain stockholders representing more than 50% of our outstanding share capital approved the elimination of the our entire authorized class of fifty million (50,000,000) undesignated preferred stock, thereby reducing the total number of shares of capital stock that we may issue from one billion five hundred fifty-thousand (1,550,000,000) shares to one billion five hundred thousand (1,500,000,000) shares, all of which are designated as common stock (the “Certificate of Elimination”). The Certificate of Elimination will be effective upon the filing with the Secretary of the State of Delaware, which was not completed as of the date of this annual report’s filing.
Warrants and Options
| ● | options to purchase 45,511,888 shares of our Common Stock, at a weighted average exercise price of $0.05 per share; and | |
| ● | warrants to purchase 23,628,962 shares of our Common Stock, at a weighted average exercise price of $0.05 per share. |
Convertible Promissory Notes
In the last three years, we issued convertible promissory notes in an aggregate principal amount of $1,700,000 in a series of convertible loan agreements.
Anti-Takeover Provisions
The provisions of Delaware law, our Certificate of Incorporation and our Bylaws may have the effect of delaying, deferring or discouraging another person from acquiring control of the Company. These provisions, which are summarized below, may have the effect of discouraging takeover bids. They are also designed, in part, to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to negotiate first with our board of directors. We believe that the benefits of increased protection of our potential ability to negotiate with an unfriendly or unsolicited acquirer outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging a proposal to acquire us because negotiation of these proposals could result in an improvement of their terms.
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaw Provisions
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws include a number of provisions that could deter hostile takeovers or delay or prevent changes in control of our management team, including the following:
| ● | Board of directors’ vacancies. Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that vacancies on the board of directors may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office, irrespective of whether there is a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. Additionally, the number of directors to serve on our board of directors is fixed solely and exclusively by resolution duly adopted by our board of directors. This would prevent a stockholder from increasing the size of our board of directors and then gaining control of our board of directors by filling the resulting vacancies with its own nominees. This makes it more difficult to change the composition of our board of directors but promotes continuity of management. |
| ● | Special meetings of stockholders. Our Certificate of Incorporation currently provides that special meetings of our stockholders may be called by the board of directors acting pursuant to a resolution approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office, and special meetings of stockholders may not be called by any other person or persons. |
| ● | No cumulative voting. The Delaware General Corporation Law provides that stockholders are not entitled to the right to cumulate votes in the election of directors unless a corporation’s certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation does not provide for cumulative voting. |
| ● | Amendment of charter provisions. Any amendment of our Certificate of Incorporation requires the affirmative vote of the majority of the outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote on such amendment, and the affirmative vote of the majority of the outstanding shares of each class entitled to vote thereon as a class. Amendments to the Bylaws may be executed pursuant to a resolution by the board of directors pursuant to an affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office, or by the affirmative vote of at least 75% of the outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote. |
| ● | Issuance of undesignated preferred stock. Our board of directors has the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to issue up to 50,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock with rights and preferences, including voting rights, designated from time to time by our board of directors. The existence of authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock, which may be converted into large numbers of shares of Common Stock, would enable our board of directors to render more difficult or to discourage an attempt to obtain control of us by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or other means. |
| ● | Delaware Business Combination Statute. The Company is subject to the “business combination” provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years following the date such person becomes an interested stockholder, unless the business combination or the transaction in which such person becomes an interested stockholder is approved in a prescribed manner. Generally, a “business combination” includes a merger, asset or stock sale, or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. Generally, an “interested stockholder” is a person that, together with affiliates and associates, owns, or within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status did own, 15% or more of a corporation’s voting stock. The existence of this provision may have an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions not approved in advance by our board of directors, and the anti-takeover effect includes discouraging attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares of our Common Stock. |
| ● | Exclusive forum. Unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers or other employees to us or our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws, or (iv) any action asserting a claim against us governed by the internal affairs doctrine. This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees. |
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our Common Stock is Worldwide Stock Transfer, LLC, with a mailing address of One University Plaza, Suite 505, Hackensack, NJ 07601, and a facsimile number of ###-###-####,
Listing
Our Common Stock is quoted on the OTCQB under the symbol “CTGL.” We have applied to list our Common Stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market. No assurance can be given that our application will be approved or that a trading market will develop.
