EX-10.8 Non-Exclusive License Agreement, to UMMS disclosure number 01-36

Exhibit 10.8

NON-EXCLUSIVE LICENSE AGREEMENT

     This Agreement, effective as of April 15, 2003 (the “Effective Date”), is between the University of Massachusetts Medical School (“Medical School”), a public institution of higher education of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts having an address of 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655 and CytRx Corporation (“Company”), a Delaware corporation having an address of 11726 San Vicente Blvd., Suite 650, Los Angeles, CA 90049.

R E C I T A L S

     WHEREAS, Medical School is owner by assignment of the invention claimed in the United States Patent Application listed in Exhibit A pertaining to the Medical School’s invention disclosure number UMMC 01-36 entitled RNA Sequence-Specific Mediators of RNA Interference;

     WHEREAS, Company desires to obtain a non-exclusive license in the field of therapeutics limited to the narrowed fields of other Medical School license agreements; specifically, using RNAi to inhibit HCMV Immediate Early (IE) gene expression in Retinitis applications, using RNAi to inhibit mutant SOD1 gene expression in Amytrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) applications, and using RNAi to inhibit gene targets implicated in Type II Diabetes and Obesity under the rights of Medical School in any patent rights claiming those inventions; and

     WHEREAS, Medical School is willing to grant Company a non-exclusive license on the terms set forth in this Agreement.

     NOW, THEREFORE, Medical School and Company hereby agree as follows:

1. Definitions.

     1.1. “Affiliate” means any legal entity (such as a corporation, partnership, or limited liability company) that is controlled by Company. For the purposes of this definition, the term “control” means (a) beneficial ownership of at least fifty percent (50%) of the voting securities of a corporation or other business organization with voting securities or (b) a fifty percent (50%) or greater interest in the net assets or profits of a partnership or other business organization without voting securities.

     1.2. “Biological Materials” means the tangible biological materials described on Exhibit A, as well as tangible materials that are routinely produced through use of the original materials, including, for example, any progeny derived from a cell line, monoclonal antibodies produced by hybridoma cells, DNA or RNA replicated from isolated DNA or RNA, recombinant proteins produced through use of isolated DNA or RNA, and substances routinely purified from a source material included in the original materials (such as recombinant proteins isolated from a cell extract or supernatant by non-proprietary affinity purification methods). These Biological

[***] = Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a confidential treatment request. An unredacted version of this exhibit has been filed separately with the Commission.

Materials shall be listed on Exhibit A, which will be periodically amended to include any additional Biological Materials that Medical School may furnish to Company.

     1.3. “Combination Product” means a product that contains a Licensed Product component and at least one other essential functional component.

     1.4. “Confidential Information” means any confidential or proprietary information furnished by one party (the “Disclosing Party”) to the other party (the “Receiving Party”) in connection with this Agreement, provided that such information is specifically designated as confidential. Such Confidential Information shall include, without limitation, any diligence reports furnished to Medical School under Section 3.1. and royalty reports furnished to Medical School under Section 5.2.

     1.5. “Field” means therapeutics, prophylactics, and diagnostics arising from the limited use of RNAi to inhibit HCMV Immediate Early (IE) gene expression in Retinitis applications, using RNAi to inhibit mutant SOD1 gene expression in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) applications, and using RNAi to inhibit gene targets implicated in Type II Diabetes and Obesity.

     1.6. “Licensed Product” means any product that cannot be developed, manufactured, used, or sold without (a) infringing one or more claims under the Patent Rights or (b) using or incorporating some portion of one or more Biological Materials.

     1.7. “Net Sales” means the gross amount billed or invoiced on sales by Company and its Affiliates and Sublicensees of Licensed Products, less the following: (a) customary trade, quantity, or cash discounts and commissions to non-affiliated brokers or agents to the extent actually allowed and taken; (b) amounts repaid or credited by reason of rejection or return; (c) to the extent separately stated on purchase orders, invoices, or other documents of sale, any taxes or other governmental charges levied on the production, sale, transportation, delivery, or use of a Licensed Product which is paid by or on behalf of Company; (d) outbound transportation costs prepaid or allowed and costs of insurance in transit; and (e) allowance for bad debt that is customary and reasonable for the industry and in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 1.7, Net Sales does not include sales of Licensed Products at or below the fully burdened cost of manufacturing solely for research or clinical testing or for indigent or similar public support or compassionate use programs.

     In any transfers of Licensed Products between Company and an Affiliate or Sublicensee, Net Sales shall be calculated based on the final sale of the Licensed Product to an independent third party. In the event that Company or an Affiliate or Sublicensee receives non-monetary consideration for any Licensed Products, Net Sales shall be calculated based on the fair market value of such consideration.

     In the case of Combination Products, Net Sales means the gross amount billed or invoiced on sales of the Combination Product less the deductions set forth above, multiplied by a proration factor that is determined as follows:

     (i) If all components of the Combination Product were sold separately during the same or immediately preceding Royalty Period, the proration factor shall be determined by the formula [A / (A+B)], where A is the aggregate gross sales price of all Licensed Product components during such period when sold separately from the other essential functional components, and B is the aggregate gross sales price of the other essential functional components during such period when sold separately from the Licensed Product Components; or

     (ii) If all components of the Combination Product were not sold separately during the same or immediately preceding Royalty Period, the proration factor shall be determined by the formula [C / (C+D)], where C is the aggregate fully absorbed cost of the Licensed Product components during the prior Royalty Period and D is the aggregate fully absorbed cost of the other essential functional components during the prior Royalty Period, with such costs being determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

     1.8.“Patent Rights” means the U.S. patent applications listed on Exhibit A, and any divisional, continuation, or continuation-in-part of such patent applications to the extent the claims are directed to subject matter specifically described therein, as well as any patent issued thereon and any reissue or reexamination of such patent, and any foreign counterparts to such patents and patent applications. Exhibit A shall be periodically amended to include any additional Patent Rights that may arise. “Medical School Patent Rights” means Patent Rights assigned to the Medical School and the joint owners Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Wissenschaften E.V.

     1.9.“Royalty Period” means the partial calendar quarter commencing on the date on which the first Licensed Product is sold or used every complete or partial calendar quarter thereafter during which either (a) this Agreement remains in effect or (b) Company has the right to complete and sell work-in-progress and inventory of Licensed Products pursuant to Section 6.5.

     1.10. “Sublicensee” means any permitted sublicensee of the rights granted Company under this Agreement, as further described in Section 2.2.

     1.11. “Sublicense Income” means any payments that Company receives from a Sublicensee in consideration of the sublicense of the rights granted Company under Section 2.1., including without limitation license fees, royalties, milestone payments, and license maintenance fees, but excluding the following payments: (a) payments made in consideration for the issuance of equity or debt securities of Company at fair market value, and (b) payments specifically committed to the development of Licensed Products.

2. Grant of Rights.

     2.1. Subject to the terms of this Agreement, Medical School hereby grants to Company and its Affiliates a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-bearing license (with the right to sublicense) under its commercial rights in the Patent Rights and Biological Materials to develop, make, have made, use, and sell Licensed Products in the Field.

     2.2. Sublicenses. Company shall have the right to grant sublicenses of its rights under Section 2.1. with the consent of Medical School, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. All sublicense agreements executed by Company pursuant to this Article 2 shall expressly bind the Sublicensee to the terms of this. Company shall promptly furnish Medical School with a fully executed copy of any such sublicense agreement.

3. Company Obligations Relating to Commercialization.

     3.1. Diligence Requirements. Company shall use diligent efforts or shall cause its Affiliates or Sublicensees to use diligent efforts to develop Licensed Products and to introduce Licensed Products into the commercial market; thereafter, Company or its Affiliates or Sublicensees shall make Licensed Products reasonably available to the public. Specifically, Company or its Affiliates or Sublicensees shall fulfill the following obligations:

     (a) Within ninety (90) days after the Effective Date, Company shall furnish Medical School with a written research and development plan under which Company intends to develop Licensed Products.

     (b) Within sixty (60) days after each anniversary of the Effective Date, Company shall furnish Medical School with a written report on the progress of its efforts during the prior year to develop and commercialize Licensed Products, including without limitation research and development efforts, efforts to obtain regulatory approval, marketing efforts, and sales figures. The report shall also contain a discussion of intended efforts and sales projections for the current year.

     (c) Company shall endeavor to obtain all necessary governmental approvals for the manufacture, use and sale of Combination Product and Licensed Product. Specifically, Company shall:

          (i) Within eight (8) years after the Effective Date, file an Investigational New Drug Application (“IND”) or its equivalent covering at least one Combination Product or Licensed Product with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”);

          (ii) Within thirteen (13) years after the Effective Date, file a New Drug Application (“NDA”) with the FDA covering at least one Combination Product or Licensed Product;

          (iii) Within eighteen (18) months after receiving FDA approval of the NDA for a Combination Product or Licensed Product, market at least one Combination Product or Licensed Product in the U.S.; and

          (iv) reasonably fill the market demand for any Combination Product or Licensed Product following commencement of marketing of such product at any time during the exclusive period of this Agreement.

           (d) Within eighteen (18) months after the Effective Date, Company shall successfully undertake a public or private offering of raising ten million dollars ($10,000,000).

           (e) In addition to the obligations set forth above, Company or its Affiliates or Sublicensees shall spend (either directly or through sponsored research by Company or its Affiliates or Sublicensees at the Medical School) an aggregate of not less than {***} per calendar year for the development of Combination Product and/or Licensed Product commencing with the year 2004.

Company shall have the responsibility to finance its obligations in this Section 3.1, and the Medical School shall provide reasonable cooperation to Company in this regard. In the event that Medical School determines that Company (or an Affiliate or Sublicensee) has not fulfilled its obligations under this Section 3.1., Medical School shall furnish Company with written notice of such determination. Within sixty (60) days after receipt of such notice, Company shall either (i) fulfill the relevant obligation or (ii) negotiate with Medical School a mutually acceptable schedule of revised diligence obligations, failing which Medical School shall have the right, immediately upon written notice to Company, to terminate this Agreement.

     3.2. Indemnification.

          (a) Indemnity. Company shall indemnify, defend, and hold harmless Medical School and its trustees, officers, faculty, students, employees, and agents and their respective successors, heirs and assigns (the “Indemnitees”), against any liability, damage, loss, or expense (including reasonable attorneys fees and expenses of litigation) incurred by or imposed upon any of the Indemnitees in connection with any claims, suits, actions, demands or judgments arising out of any theory of liability (including without limitation actions in the form of tort, warranty, or strict liability and regardless of whether such action has any factual basis) concerning any product, process, or service that is made, used, or sold pursuant to any right or license granted under this Agreement; provided, however, that such indemnification shall not apply to any liability, damage, loss, or expense to the extent directly attributable to (i) the negligent activities or intentional misconduct of the Indemnitees or (ii) the settlement of a claim, suit, action, or demand by Indemnitees without the prior written approval of Company.

          (b) Procedures. The Indemnitees agree to provide Company with prompt written notice of any claim, suit, action, demand, or judgment for which indemnification is sought under this Agreement. Company agrees, at its own expense, to provide attorneys reasonably acceptable to Medical School to defend against any such claim. The Indemnitees shall cooperate

fully with Company in such defense and will permit Company to conduct and control such defense and the disposition of such claim, suit, or action (including all decisions relative to litigation, appeal, and settlement); provided, however, that any Indemnitee shall have the right to retain its own counsel, at the expense of Company, if representation of such Indemnitee by the counsel retained by Company would be inappropriate because of actual or potential differences in the interests of such Indemnitee and any other party represented by such counsel. Company agrees to keep Medical School informed of the progress in the defense and disposition of such claim and to consult with Medical School with regard to any proposed settlement.

          (c) Insurance. Company shall maintain insurance or self-insurance that is reasonably adequate to fulfill any potential obligation to the Indemnitees, but in any event not less than one million dollars ($1,000,000) for injuries to any one person arising out of a single occurrence and five million dollars ($5,000,000) for injuries to all persons arising out of a single occurrence. Company shall provide Medical School, upon request, with written evidence of such insurance or self-insurance. Company shall continue to maintain such insurance or self-insurance after the expiration or termination of this Agreement during any period in which Company or any Affiliate or Sublicensee continues to make, use, or sell a product that was a Licensed Product under this Agreement and thereafter for a period of two (2) years.

     3.3. Use of Medical School Name. In accordance with Section 6.3., Company and its Affiliates and Sublicensees shall not use the name “University of Massachusetts Medical School” or any variation of that name in connection with the marketing or sale of any Licensed Products.

     3.4. Marking of Licensed Products. To the extent commercially feasible and consistent with prevailing business practices, Company shall mark, and shall cause its Affiliates and Sublicensees to mark, all Licensed Products that are manufactured or sold under this Agreement with the number of each issued patent under the Patent Rights that applies to such Licensed Product.

     3.5. Compliance with Law. Company shall comply with, and shall ensure that its Affiliates and Sublicensees comply with, all local, state, federal, and international laws and regulations relating to the development, manufacture, use, and sale of Licensed Products. Company expressly agrees to comply with the following:

     (a) Company or its Affiliates and Sublicensees shall obtain all necessary approvals from the United States Food & Drug Administration and any similar governmental authorities of any foreign jurisdiction in which Company or an Affiliate or Sublicensee intends to make, use, or sell Licensed Products.

     (b) Company and its Affiliates and Sublicensees shall comply with all United States laws and regulations controlling the export of certain commodities and technical data, including without limitation all Export Administration Regulations of the United States Department of Commerce. Among other things, these laws and regulations prohibit, or require a license for, the export of certain types of commodities and technical

data to specified countries. Company hereby gives written assurance that it will comply with, and will cause its Affiliates and Sublicensees to comply with, all United States export control laws and regulations, that it bears sole responsibility for any violation of such laws and regulations by itself or its Affiliates and Sublicensees, and that it will indemnify, defend, and hold Medical School harmless (in accordance with Section 3.1.) for the consequences of any such violation.

4. Consideration for Grant of Rights.

     4.1. License Fee. In partial consideration of the rights granted Company under this Agreement, Company shall pay to Medical School, within thirty (30) days after the Effective Date, (a) a license fee of {***}, and (b) a payment in the amount of {***} to reimburse Medical School for its actual expenses incurred as of January 31, 2003 in connection with obtaining the Patent Rights. These license fee payments are nonrefundable and are not creditable against any other payments due to Medical School under this Agreement.

     4.2. Equity. In partial consideration of the license granted to Company under this Agreement, on or about April 18, 2003, Company shall issue to Medical School a total number of shares of Common Stock of Company, ($.01 par value per share) equal to {***} of the outstanding shares of Company. Company shall register the shares that are issued to the Medical School within ninety (90) days after their issuance and those shares will then be unrestricted.

     4.3. License Maintenance Fee. Beginning on the anniversary of the Effective Date, and in each calendar year during the term of the Agreement, Company shall pay to Medical School {***}. This annual license maintenance fee is nonrefundable and is not creditable against any other payments due to Medical School under this Agreement.

     4.4. Royalties. In partial consideration of the rights granted Company under this Agreement, Company shall pay to Medical School a royalty of {***} of Net Sales of Licensed Products by Company and its Affiliates.

          (a) If there is a competing product in the marketplace, no royalties are due for a Licensed Product that is within the definition of “Licensed Product” because it uses or incorporates only Biological Materials.

          (b) If during the Royalty Period, patents under the Patent Rights have expired or have been abandoned in a particular country, (i) no royalty is payable by Company, if there is a competing product in that country, and (ii) if Company reduces its prices for Licensed Products in that country, even if there is no competing product in that country, Company and Medical School shall negotiate in good faith a reduction in the royalty rate to reflect the reduction in Company’s gross margins caused by the price reduction.

          (c) Company shall pay Medical School {***} of Net Sales of commercial clinical laboratory services by Company and its Affiliates.

     4.5. Minimum Royalty. At the beginning of each calendar year during the term of this Agreement, beginning January 1, 2016, Company shall pay to Medical School a minimum royalty of {***}. If the actual royalty payments to Medical School in any calendar year are less than the minimum royalty payment required for that year, Company shall have the right to pay Medical School the difference between the actual royalty payment and the minimum royalty payment in full satisfaction of its obligations under this Section, provided such minimum payment is made to Medical School within sixty (60) days after the conclusion of the calendar year. Waiver of any minimum royalty payment by Medical School shall not be construed as a waiver of any subsequent minimum royalty payment. If Company fails to make any minimum royalty payment within the sixty-day period, such failure shall constitute a material breach of its obligations under this Agreement, and Medical School shall have the right to terminate this Agreement in accordance with Section 7.3.

     4.6. Third-Party Royalties. If Company is legally required to make royalty payments to Medical School under any agreement other than this Agreement (the “Other Medical School Licenses”), or to one or more third parties in the same Royalty Period for which royalties are due under Section 4.5 or 4.7 in order for Company to make, use or sell Licensed Products or have its sublicense make, use, or sell Licensed Products:

	(a)		in the case of any payments to Medical School under Other Medical School Licenses with respect to Licensed Products under this Agreement, the royalty payment made by Company to Medical School under this Agreement for the applicable Royalty Payment shall be reduced by fifty percent (50%) of the aggregate amounts payable for the same Royalty Period under the Other Medical School Licenses (before making any similar reduction in those payments pursuant to a corresponding reduction clause in those agreements), with a minimum floor of {***} of Net Sales of Licensed Products or {***} of the Sublicense Income to be paid under this Agreement; and
	(b)		in the case of payments to one or more third parties, an offset of fifty percent (50%) of the amount paid to third parties may be taken by Company against any royalties payable by Company to the Medical School under this Agreement with a minimum floor of {***} of Net Sales of Licensed Products or {***} of all Sublicense Income, provided that in no event shall the royalty payments under Section 4.5 and 4.7, when aggregated with any other offsets and credits allowed under this Agreement, be reduced by more than fifty percent (50%); in the case of payments to one or more third parties, Medical School shall receive {***} of the Sublicense Income net of the foregoing third party payments; and
	(c)		in the case of both payments under Other Medical School Licenses and to third parties in the same Royalty Period, the reduction described in (i) above shall first be made, and then the offset described in (ii) above shall be taken, provided that only a pro rata amount of the offset pursuant to (ii) above shall be taken against the royalties payable under this Agreement (with the pro-ration calculated based on the relative royalty rates under this Agreement and the Other Medical School Licenses), with a

minimum floor under this Agreement of {***} of Net Sales of Licensed Products and {***} of Sublicense Income.

By way of illustration, assume a royalty of {***} under the Other Medical School Licenses of Net Sales of Licensed Products and a payment of {***} of Net Sales of Licensed Products to a third party. The reduction and offsets calculation would be as follows:

(i)

The {***} of Net Sales of Licensed Products would be reduced to {***} of Net Sales of Licensed Products (i.e., a reduction of 50% of the {***} of Net Sales of Licensed Products under Other Medical School Licenses); and

     (ii) The remaining {***} of Net Sales of Licensed Products would be offset by an amount equal to {***} of Net Sales of Licensed Products, for a net royalty to the Medical School under this Agreement of {***} of Net Sales of Licensed Products (i.e., the offset of 50% of the {***} of Net Sales of Licensed Products payable to the third party is allocated pro rata against Medical School under this Agreement, with 33 1/3% of this net offset of {***} of Net Sales of Licensed Products being allocated to the royalties under this Agreement (the {***} royalty rate under this Agreement divided by the {***} royalty rate under this Agreement plus the {***} royalty rate under the Other Medical School Licenses)).

5. Royalty Reports; Payments; Records.

     5.1. First Sale. Company shall report to Medical School the date of first commercial sale of each Licensed Product within thirty (30) days of occurrence in each country.

     5.2. Reports and Payments. Within sixty (60) days after the conclusion of each Royalty Period, Company shall deliver to Medical School a report containing the following information:

     (a) the number of Licensed Products sold to independent third parties in each country, and the number of Licensed Products used by Company and its Affiliates in the provision services in each country;

     (b) the gross sales price for each Licensed Product by Company and its Affiliates or Sublicensees during the applicable Royalty Period in each country;

     (c) calculation of Net Sales for the applicable Royalty Period in each country, including a listing of applicable deductions; and

     (d) total royalty payable on Net Sales in U.S. dollars, together with the exchange rates used for conversion.

If no royalties are due to Medical School for any Royalty Period, the report shall so state. Concurrent with this report, Company shall remit to Medical School any payment due for the applicable Royalty Period. Medical School shall instruct Company as to the method of payment.

The contents of all such reports shall be the confidential and proprietary information of Company. To the extent permitted by applicable law, Medical School shall use reasonable efforts to maintain the confidentiality of such reports.

     5.3. Payments in U.S. Dollars. All payments due under this Agreement shall be payable in United States dollars. Conversion of foreign currency to U.S. dollars shall be made at the conversion rate existing in the United States (as reported in the Wall Street Journal) on the last working day of the calendar quarter preceding the applicable Royalty Period. Such payments shall be without deduction of exchange, collection, or other charges.

     5.4. Payments in Other Currencies. If by law, regulation, or fiscal policy of a particular country, conversion into United States dollars or transfer of funds of a convertible currency to the United States is restricted or forbidden, Company shall give Medical School prompt written notice of such restriction, which notice shall satisfy the sixty-day payment deadline described in Section 5.2. Company shall pay any amounts due Medical School through whatever lawful methods Medical School reasonably designates; provided, however, that if Medical School fails to designate such payment method within thirty (30) days after Medical School is notified of the restriction, Company may deposit such payment in local currency to the credit of Medical School in a recognized banking institution selected by Company and identified by written notice to Medical School, and such deposit shall fulfill all obligations of Company to Medical School with respect to such payment.

     5.5. Records. Company shall maintain, and shall cause its Affiliates to maintain, complete and accurate records of Licensed Products that are made, used, sold, or performed under this Agreement and any amounts payable to Medical School in relation to such Licensed Products, which records shall contain sufficient information to permit Medical School to confirm the accuracy of any reports delivered to Medical School under Section 5.2. The relevant party shall retain such records relating to a given Royalty Period for at least three (3) years after the conclusion of that Royalty Period, during which time Medical School shall have the right, at its expense, to cause its internal accountants or an independent, certified public accountant to inspect such records during normal business hours for the sole purpose of verifying any reports and payments delivered under this Agreement. Such accountant shall not disclose to Medical School any information other than information relating to accuracy of reports and payments delivered under this Agreement. The parties shall reconcile any underpayment or overpayment within thirty (30) days after the accountant delivers the results of the audit. In the event that any audit performed under this Section reveals an underpayment in excess of the greater of (a) five thousand dollars ($5,000) or (b) ten percent (10%) in any Royalty Period, Company shall bear the full cost of such audit. Medical School may exercise its rights under this Section only once every year and only with reasonable prior notice to Company.

     5.6. Late Payments. Any payments by Company that are not paid on or before the date such payments are due under this Agreement shall bear interest, to the extent permitted by law, at two percentage points above the Prime Rate of interest as reported in the Wall Street Journal on the date payment is due, with interest calculated based on the number of days that payment is delinquent.

     5.7. Method of Payment. All payments under this Agreement should be made in the name of the “Medical School of Massachusetts” and sent to the address identified below. Each payment should reference this Agreement and identify the obligation under this Agreement that the payment satisfies.

     5.8. Withholding and Similar Taxes. Royalty payments and other payments due to Medical School under this Agreement shall be reduced by reason of any withholding or similar taxes applicable to such payments to Medical School, which shall be paid by Company as required by applicable law and reported by Company to the Medical School.

6. Confidential Information; Publications; Publicity.

     6.1. Confidential Information.

          (a) Designation. Confidential Information that is disclosed in writing shall be marked with a legend indicating its confidential status (such as “Confidential” or “Proprietary”). Confidential Information that is disclosed orally or visually shall be documented in a written notice prepared by the Disclosing Party and delivered to the Receiving Party within thirty (30) days of the date of disclosure; such notice shall summarize the Confidential Information disclosed to the Receiving Party and reference the time and place of disclosure.

          (b) Obligations. For a period of five (5) years after disclosure of any portion of Confidential Information, the Receiving Party shall (i) maintain such Confidential Information in strict confidence, except that the Receiving Party may disclose or permit the disclosure of any Confidential Information to its directors, officers, employees, consultants, and advisors who are obligated to maintain the confidential nature of such Confidential Information and who need to know such Confidential Information for the purposes of this Agreement; (ii) use such Confidential Information solely for the purposes of this Agreement; and (iii) allow its trustees or directors, officers, employees, consultants, and advisors to reproduce the Confidential Information only to the extent necessary for the purposes of this Agreement, with all such reproductions being considered Confidential Information.

          (c) Exceptions. The obligations of the Receiving Party under Subsection 6.1.(b) above shall not apply to the extent that the Receiving Party can demonstrate that certain Confidential Information (i) was in the public domain prior to the time of its disclosure under this Agreement; (ii) entered the public domain after the time of its disclosure under this Agreement through means other than an unauthorized disclosure resulting from an act or omission by the Receiving Party; (iii) was independently developed or discovered by the Receiving Party without use of the Confidential Information; (iv) is or was disclosed to the Receiving Party at any time, whether prior to or after the time of its disclosure under this Agreement, by a third party having no fiduciary relationship with the Disclosing Party and having no obligation of confidentiality with respect to such Confidential Information; or (v) is required to be disclosed to comply with applicable laws or regulations, or with a court or

administrative order, provided that the Disclosing Party receives reasonable prior written notice of such disclosure.

          (d) Ownership and Return. The Receiving Party acknowledges that the Disclosing Party (or any third party entrusting its own information to the Disclosing Party) claims ownership of its Confidential Information in the possession of the Receiving Party. Upon the expiration or termination of this Agreement, and at the request of the Disclosing Party, the Receiving Party shall return to the Disclosing Party all originals, copies, and summaries of documents, materials, and other tangible manifestations of Confidential Information in the possession or control of the Receiving Party, except that the Receiving Party may retain one copy of the Confidential Information in the possession of its legal counsel solely for the purpose of monitoring its obligations under this Agreement.

     6.2. Publications. Medical School and its employees will be free to publicly disclose (through journals, lectures, or otherwise) the results of any research in the Field or relating to the subject matter of the Patent Rights, except as otherwise provided by written agreement between Medical School and Company (e.g., a sponsored research agreement).

     6.3. Publicity Restrictions. Company shall not use the name of Medical School or any of its trustees, officers, faculty, students, employees, or agents, or any adaptation of such names, or any terms of this Agreement in any promotional material or other public announcement or disclosure without the prior written consent of Medical School. The foregoing notwithstanding, Company shall have the right to disclose such information without the consent of Medical School in any prospectus, offering memorandum, or other document or filing required by applicable securities laws or other applicable law or regulation, provided that Company shall have given Medical School at least ten (10) days (or such prior shorter period in order to enable Company to make a timely announcement, while affording the Medical School the maximum feasible time to review the announcement) prior written notice of the proposed text for the purpose of giving Medical School the opportunity to comment on such text.

7. Term and Termination.

     7.1. Term. This Agreement shall commence on the Effective Date and shall remain in effect until (a) the expiration of all issued patents within the Patent Rights or (b) for a period of ten (10) years after the Effective Date if no such patents have issued within that ten-year period, unless earlier terminated in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.

     7.2. Termination for Default. In the event that either party commits a material breach of its obligations under this Agreement and fails to cure that breach within sixty (60) days after receiving written notice thereof, the other party may terminate this Agreement immediately upon written notice to the party in breach.

     7.4. Force Majeure. Neither party will be responsible for delays resulting from causes beyond the reasonable control of such party, including without limitation fire, explosion, flood, war, strike, or riot, provided that the nonperforming party uses commercially reasonable efforts

to avoid or remove such causes of nonperformance and continues performance under this Agreement with reasonable dispatch whenever such causes are removed.

     7.5. Effect of Termination. The following provisions shall survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement: Articles 1 and 8; Sections 3.2., 3.5., 5.2. (obligation to provide final report and payment), 6.1., 7.5., and 9.9. Upon the early termination of this Agreement, Company and its Affiliates or Sublicensees may complete and sell any work-in-progress and inventory of Licensed Products that exist as of the effective date of termination, provided that (a) Company is current in payment of all amounts due Medical School under this Agreement, (b) Company pays Medical School the applicable royalty on such sales of Licensed Products in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement, and (c) Company and its Affiliates or Sublicensees shall complete and sell all work-in-progress and inventory of Licensed Products within six (6) months after the effective date of termination.

8. Dispute Resolution.

     8.1. Procedures Mandatory. The parties agree that any dispute arising out of or relating to this Agreement shall be resolved solely by means of the procedures set forth in this Article, and that such procedures constitute legally binding obligations that are an essential provision of this Agreement; provided, however, that all procedures and deadlines specified in this Article may be modified by written agreement of the parties. If either party fails to observe the procedures of this Article, as modified by their written agreement, the other party may bring an action for specific performance in any court of competent jurisdiction.

     8.2. Dispute Resolution Procedures.

          (a) Negotiation. In the event of any dispute arising out of or relating to this Agreement, the affected party shall notify the other party, and the parties shall attempt in good faith to resolve the matter within ten (10) days after the date of such notice (the “Notice Date”). Any disputes not resolved by good faith discussions shall be referred to senior executives of each party, who shall meet at a mutually acceptable time and location within thirty (30) days after the Notice Date and attempt to negotiate a settlement.

          (b) Mediation. If the matter remains unresolved within sixty (60) days after the Notice Date, or if the senior executives fail to meet within thirty (30) days after the Notice Date, either party may initiate mediation upon written notice to the other party, whereupon both parties shall be obligated to engage in a mediation proceeding under the then current Center for Public Resources (“CPR”) Model Procedure for Mediation of Business Disputes, except that specific provisions of this Section shall override inconsistent provisions of the CPR Model Procedure. The mediator will be selected from the CPR Panels of Neutrals. If the parties cannot agree upon the selection of a mediator within ninety (90) days after the Notice Date, then upon the request of either party, the CPR shall appoint the mediator. The parties shall attempt to resolve the dispute through mediation until one of the following occurs: (i) the parties reach a written settlement; (ii) the mediator notifies the parties in writing that they have reached an impasse; (iii) the parties

agree in writing that they have reached an impasse; or (iv) the parties have not reached a settlement within one hundred and twenty (120) days after the Notice Date.

          (c) Trial Without Jury. If the parties fail to resolve the dispute through mediation, or if neither party elects to initiate mediation, each party shall have the right to pursue any other remedies legally available to resolve the dispute, provided, however, that the parties expressly waive any right to a jury trial in any legal proceeding under this Section.

     8.3. Preservation of Rights Pending Resolution.

          (a) Performance to Continue. Each party shall continue to perform its obligations under this Agreement pending final resolution of any dispute arising out or relating to this Agreement; provided, however, that a party may suspend performance of its obligations during any period in which the other party fails or refuses to perform its obligations.

          (b) Provisional Remedies. Although the procedures specified in this Article are the sole and exclusive procedures for the resolution of disputes arising out of relating to this Agreement, either party may seek a preliminary injunction or other provisional equitable relief if, in its reasonable judgment, such action is necessary to avoid irreparable harm to itself or to preserve its rights under this Agreement.

          (c) Statute of Limitations. The parties agree that all applicable statutes of limitation and time-based defenses (such as estoppel and laches) shall be tolled while the procedures set forth in Subsections 8.2.(a) and 8.2(b) are pending. The parties shall take any actions necessary to effectuate this result.

9. Miscellaneous.

     9.1. Representations and Warranties. Representations and Warranties. Medical School represents and warrants that its employees have assigned to Medical School their entire right, title, and interest in the Patent Rights, that it has authority to grant the rights and licenses set forth in this Agreement, and that, to its best knowledge, Medical School does not hold any other intellectual property rights that would be infringed by the exploitation of the Patent Rights. MEDICAL SCHOOL MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES CONCERNING THE PATENT RIGHTS AND BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Specifically, Medical School makes no warranty or representation (a) that the exploitation of any Licensed Product will not infringe any patents or other intellectual property rights of a third party, (b) regarding the validity or scope of the Patent Rights, and (c) that any third party is not currently infringing or will not infringe the Patent Rights.

     9.2. Compliance with Law and Policies. Company agrees to comply with applicable law and the policies of Medical School in the area of technology transfer and shall promptly notify Medical School of any violation that Company knows or has reason to believe has occurred or is

likely to occur. The Medical School policies currently in effect at 365 Plantation Street, Ste. 130, Worcester MA, 01605 campus are available online at www.umassmed.edu/research/policies.

     9.3. Tax-Exempt Status. Company acknowledges that Medical School, as a public institution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, holds the status of an exempt organization under the United States Internal Revenue Code. Company also acknowledges that certain facilities in which the licensed inventions were developed may have been financed through offerings of tax-exempt bonds. If the Internal Revenue Service determines, or if counsel to Medical School reasonably determines, that any term of this Agreement jeopardizes the tax-exempt status of Medical School or the bonds used to finance Medical School facilities, the relevant term shall be deemed an invalid provision and modified in accordance with Section 10.11.

     9.4. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, and all of which together shall be deemed to be one and the same instrument.

     9.5. Headings. All headings are for convenience only and shall not affect the meaning of any provision of this Agreement.

     9.6. Binding Effect. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their respective permitted successors and assigns.

     9.7. Assignment. This Agreement may not be assigned by either party without the prior written consent of the other party, except that Company may assign this Agreement to an Affiliate or to a successor in connection with the merger, consolidation, or sale of all or substantially all of its assets or that portion of its business to which this Agreement relates.

     9.8. Amendment and Waiver. This Agreement may be amended, supplemented, or otherwise modified only by means of a written instrument signed by both parties. Any waiver of any rights or failure to act in a specific instance shall relate only to such instance and shall not be construed as an agreement to waive any rights or fail to act in any other instance, whether or not similar.

     9.9. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts irrespective of any conflicts of law principles.

     9.10. Notice. Any notices required or permitted under this Agreement shall be in writing, shall specifically refer to this Agreement, and shall be sent by hand, recognized national overnight courier, confirmed facsimile transmission, confirmed electronic mail, or registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, to the following addresses or facsimile numbers of the parties:

		If to Medical School:
		Office of Technology Management
		Medical School of Massachusetts
		365 Plantation Street, Suite 130
		Worcester, MA 01605
		Attention:		Joseph F.X. McGuirl
				Executive Director
		Tel: (508)  ###-###-####
		Fax: (508)  ###-###-####
		If to Company:
		CytRx Corporation
		11726 San Vicente Blvd., Suite 650
		Los Angeles, CA 90049
		Attention:		Steven A. Kriegsman
				Chief Executive Officer
		Tel: (310)  ###-###-####
		Fax: (310)  ###-###-####

All notices under this Agreement shall be deemed effective upon receipt. A party may change its contact information immediately upon written notice to the other party in the manner provided in this Section.

     9.11. Severability. In the event that any provision of this Agreement shall be held invalid or unenforceable for any reason, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect any other provision of this Agreement, and the parties shall negotiate in good faith to modify the Agreement to preserve (to the extent possible) their original intent. If the parties fail to reach a modified agreement within sixty (60) days after the relevant provision is held invalid or unenforceable, then the dispute shall be resolved in accordance with the procedures set forth in Article 7. While the dispute is pending resolution, this Agreement shall be construed as if such provision were deleted by agreement of the parties.

     9.12. Entire Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to its subject matter and supersedes all prior agreements or understandings between the parties relating to its subject matter.

     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized representatives as of the date first written above.

MEDICAL SCHOOL OF MASSACHUSETTS						CYTRX CORPORATION
By:		/s/ Joseph F.X. McGuirl				By: /s/ Steven A. Kriegsman
		Joseph F.X. McGuirl				Steven A. Kriegsman
		Executive Director, CVIP				Chief Executive Officer

EXHIBIT A

List of Patent Rights

UMMC 01-36 “RNA Sequence-Specific Mediators of RNA Interference” Inventors: David P. Bartel, Philip A. Sharp, Thomas Tuschl, and Philip D. Zamore

     I. United States Patents and Application

USSN 60/265232 entitled “RNA Sequence-Specific Mediators of RNA Interference”, by
David P. Bartel, Philip A. Sharp, Thomas Tuschl, and Philip D. Zamore

USSN 09/821832 entitled “RNA Sequence-Specific Mediators of RNA Interference”, by
David P. Bartel, Philip A. Sharp, Thomas Tuschl, and Philip D. Zamore

     II. International (non-U.S.) Patents and Applications

PCT/US01/10188 entitle “RNA Sequence-Specific Mediators of RNA Interference”, by
David P. Bartel, Philip A. Sharp, Thomas Tuschl, and Philip D. Zamore

AMENDMENT NO. 1
TO
NON-EXCLUSIVE LICENSE AGREEMENT
(UMMC 01-36)

     This Amendment No. 1, dated as of February 1, 2004 (the “Amendment”) is being made to the Non-Exclusive License Agreement relating to UMMC 01-36 (the “License Agreement”), effective as of April 15, 2003, by and between the University of Massachusetts Medical School (“Medical School”), a public institution of higher education of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts having an address of 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, and CytRx Corporation (“Company”), a Delaware corporation having an address of 11726 San Vicente Boulevard, Suite 650, Los Angeles, California 90049.

R E C I T A L S

     WHEREAS, Section 4.6 of the License Agreement provided for the calculation of payments payable to Medical School under Section 4.4 of the License Agreement in the event Company was required to make certain other payments to Medical School or third parties; and

     WHEREAS, Medical School and Company wish to clarify the manner in which Section 4.6 of the License Agreement shall operate;

     NOW, THEREFORE, Medical School and Company hereby agree as follows:

1. Amendment to Section 4.6.

     Section 4.6 of the License Agreement is hereby amended to read in full as follows:

     “4.6 Third-Party and Other Payments. If Company is legally required to make royalty or sublicense income payments to Medical School under any other license agreement, as well as this Agreement, or to one or more third parties, as well as this Agreement, in the same Royalty Period for which payments are due under Section 4.4 in order for Company to make, use or sell Licensed Products or have its Sublicensee make, use, or sell Licensed Products:

          (a) Other Medical School Payments. In the case of payments to Medical School under Section 4.4 with respect to any Licensed Product, Company shall pay only the highest rate among this Agreement and any other Medical School licenses, and that one payment shall be deemed to satisfy the payment requirements for the applicable period under not only this Agreement but each of the other Medical School licenses.

          (b) Third Party Payments. In the case of payments to one or more third parties with respect to any Licensed Product under this Agreement, Company may reduce its payment to Medical School under Section 4.4 of this Agreement for the applicable Royalty Period by fifty percent (50%) of the amount actually paid to third parties. However, in no event will the reductions made pursuant to this Section 4.6(b) result in more than a fifty percent (50%) reduction in the payments that would otherwise be payable to Medical School under Section 4.4 (after taking into account Section 4.6(b)).

          (c) Example: Royalty Reductions. By way of illustration for Section 4.4 royalty payment reductions, for a particular Licensed Product, assume a royalty of (***) of Net Sales under another Medical School license and a payment of (***) of Net Sales to a third party. The reduction calculation would be as follows: The total (***) royalty rate in this Agreement would apply, and Company would reduce that rate by 50% due to the (***) due to the third party (with a 50% cap on the rate reduction pursuant to Section 4.6), resulting in a (***) royalty to Medical School under this Agreement, and no royalties payable to the Medical School under the other Medical School license.

2. Continuation of All Other Terms of Agreement.

     Except for the amendment of Section 4.6 of the License Agreement provided for in Section 1 of this Amendment, all of the terms and conditions of the License Agreement shall continue in full force and effect.

3. Miscellaneous.

     3.1 Dispute Resolution. The parties agree that any dispute arising out of or relating to this Amendment shall be resolved solely by means of the procedures set forth in Article 8 of the Agreement.

     3.2 Counterparts. This Amendment may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, and all of which together shall be deemed to be one and the same instrument.

     3.3 Headings. All headings are for convenience only and shall not affect the meaning of any provision of this Amendment.

     3.4 Binding Effect. This Amendment shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their respective permitted successors and assigns.

     3.5 Amendment. This Amendment may be amended, supplemented, or otherwise modified only by means of a written instrument signed by all of the parties.

     3.6 Governing Law. This Amendment shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts irrespective of any conflicts of law principles.

     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Amendment to be executed by their duly authorized representatives as of the date first above written.

UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS						CYTRX CORPORATION
MEDICAL SCHOOL
By:		/s/ Chester A. Bisbee				By:		/s/ Steven A. Kriegsman
		Acting Executive Director						Steven A. Kriegsman
		Office of Technology Management						Chief Executive Officer