Description of Securities
Exhibit 4.4
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2020
The following description of the securities of Porch Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“us,” “we,” “our,” “Porch” or the “Company”) is a summary of the material terms of such securities and is not intended to be a complete summary of the rights and preferences of such securities, and is qualified by reference to our second amended and restated charter (the “Amended and Restated Charter”), our amended and restated bylaws (the “Amended and Restated Bylaws”) and the warrant-related documents described herein, which are included as exhibits to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of which this exhibit is a part. We urge to you read each of the Amended and Restated Charter, the Amended and Restated Bylaws and the warrant-related documents described herein in their entirety for a complete description of the rights and preferences of our securities.
Authorized and Outstanding Stock
The Amended and Restated Charter authorizes the issuance of 410,000,000 shares, consisting of (i) 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Preferred Stock”) and (ii) 400,000,000 shares of common stock (“Common Stock”).
Common Stock
Holders of Common Stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election or removal of directors. The holders of the Common Stock do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors. Upon the Company’s liquidation, dissolution or winding up and after payment in full of all amounts required to be paid to creditors and to the holders of preferred stock having liquidation preferences, if any, the holders of the Common Stock are be entitled to receive pro rata the Company’s remaining assets available for distribution. Holders of the Common Stock do not have preemptive, subscription, redemption or conversion rights. The Common Stock is not subject to further calls or assessment by the Company. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the Common Stock. All shares of the Company’s Common Stock that will be outstanding at the time of the completion of the offering will be fully paid and non-assessable. The rights, powers, preferences and privileges of holders of the Common Stock are subject to those of the holders of any shares of the Company’s preferred stock the Company may authorize and issue in the future.
Preferred Stock
The Amended and Restated Charter authorizes the board of directors (the “Board”) to establish one or more series of Preferred Stock (including convertible preferred stock). Unless required by law or by the NASDAQ, the authorized shares of Preferred Stock will be available for issuance without further action by the holders of the Common Stock. The Board has the discretion to determine the powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other special rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, including, without limitation, voting rights, dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges and liquidation preferences, of each series of preferred stock, including, without limitation:
· the designation of the series;
· the number of shares of the series, which the Board may, except where otherwise provided in the preferred stock designation, increase (but not above the total number of authorized shares of the class) or decrease (but not below the number of shares then outstanding);
· whether dividends, if any, will be cumulative or non-cumulative and the dividend rate of the series;
· the dates at which dividends, if any, will be payable;
· the redemption rights and price or prices, if any, for shares of the series;
· the terms and amounts of any sinking fund provided for the purchase or redemption of shares of the series;
· the amounts payable on shares of the series in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company’s affairs;
· whether the shares of the series will be convertible into shares of any other class or series, or any other security, of the Company or any other corporation, and, if so, the specification of the other class or series or other security, the conversion price or prices or rate or rates, any rate adjustments, the date or dates as of which the shares will be convertible and all other terms and conditions upon which the conversion may be made;
· restrictions on the issuance of shares of the same series or of any other class or series; and
· the voting rights, if any, of the holders of the series.
The Company could issue a series of Preferred Stock that could, depending on the terms of the series, impede or discourage an acquisition attempt or other transaction that some, or a majority, of the holders of the Common Stock might believe to be in their best interests or in which the holders of the Common Stock might receive a premium for the Common Stock over the market price of the Common Stock. Additionally, the issuance of Preferred Stock could adversely affect the rights of holders of the Common Stock by restricting dividends on the Common Stock, diluting the voting power of the Common Stock or subordinating the liquidation rights of the Common Stock. As a result of these or other factors, the issuance of Preferred Stock could have an adverse impact on the market price of the Common Stock. At present, we have no plans to issue any Preferred Stock.
Redeemable Warrants
The warrants of the Company (the “Warrants”) were issued in registered form under a warrant agreement between CST, as warrant agent, and the Company as successor of PTAC (the “Warrant Agreement”). The Warrant Agreement provides that the terms of the Warrants may be amended without the consent of any holder to cure any ambiguity or correct any defective provision, but requires the approval by the holders of at least a majority of the then outstanding public warrants (“Public Warrants”) to make any change that adversely affects the interests of the registered holders of Public Warrants.
The Warrants may be exercised upon surrender of the warrant certificate on or prior to the expiration date at the offices of the warrant agent, with the exercise form on the reverse side of the warrant certificate completed and executed as indicated, accompanied by full payment of the exercise price (or on a cashless basis, if applicable), by certified check payable to the Company or by wire transfer, for the number of Warrants being exercised. The warrantholders do not have the rights or privileges of holders of Common Stock and any voting rights until they exercise their Warrants and receive shares of Common Stock. After the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Warrants, each holder will be entitled to one (1) vote for each share held of record on all matters to be voted on by stockholders. If, upon exercise of the Warrants, a holder would be entitled to receive a fractional interest in a share, the Company will, upon exercise, round down to the nearest whole number of shares of Common Stock to be issued to the warrantholder.
Each whole Warrant entitles the registered holder to purchase one (1) whole share of Common Stock at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment as discussed below. Pursuant to the Warrant Agreement, a warrantholder may exercise its Warrants only for a whole number of shares of Common Stock. This means that only a whole Warrant may be exercised at any given time by a warrantholder. Only whole Warrants are traded. The Warrants will expire December 23, 2025, at 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.
The Company will not be obligated to deliver any shares of Common Stock pursuant to the exercise of a Warrant and will have no obligation to settle such Warrant exercise unless a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to the shares of Common Stock underlying the Warrants is then effective and a prospectus relating thereto is current, subject to the Company’s satisfying the Company’s obligations described below with respect to registration. No Warrant is exercisable and the Company will not be obligated to issue shares of Common Stock upon exercise of a Warrant unless Common Stock issuable upon such Warrant exercise has been registered, qualified, or deemed to be exempt under the securities laws of the state of residence of the registered holder of the Warrants. In the event that the conditions in the two immediately preceding sentences are not satisfied with respect to a Warrant, the holder of such Warrant will not be entitled to exercise such Warrant
and such Warrant may have no value and expire worthless. In no event will the Company be required to net cash settle any Warrant. In the event that a registration statement is not effective for the exercised Warrants, the purchaser of a unit containing such Warrant will have paid the full purchase price for the unit solely for the share of Common Stock underlying such unit.
On January 15, 2021, the Company filed with the SEC a registration statement covering the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, to cause such registration statement to become effective and to maintain a current prospectus relating to those shares of Common Stock until the Warrants expire or are redeemed, as specified in the Warrant Agreement. This registration statement was declared effective by the SEC on January 29, 2021.
Pursuant to the Warrant Agreement, once the Warrants become exercisable, the Company may call the Warrants for redemption:
· in whole and not in part;
· at a price of $0.01 per Warrant;
· upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption (the “30-day redemption period”) to each warrantholder; and
· if, and only if, the reported last sale price of the Common Stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending three (3) business days before the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrantholders.
On March 23, 2021, the Company announced that the foregoing conditions were satisfied and gave notice to warrantholders that the Public Warrants would be redeemed at 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on April 16, 2021.
Each warrantholder is entitled to exercise its Warrant prior to the scheduled redemption date. However, the price of the Common Stock may fall below the $18.00 redemption trigger price (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) as well as the $11.50 Warrant exercise price after the redemption notice is issued. The Company may not exercise its redemption right if the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Warrants is not exempt from registration or qualification under applicable state blue sky laws or the Company is unable to effect such registration or qualification.
The Sponsor (as defined in the Warrant Agreement) and its permitted transferees are entitled to exercise their private placement warrants for cash or on a cashless basis. In the event a holder of private placement warrants elects to exercise its private placement warrants on a cashless basis, such holder would pay the exercise price by surrendering its private placement warrants for that number of shares of Common Stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the product of the number of shares of Common Stock underlying the private placement warrants, multiplied by the difference between the exercise price of the private placement warrants and the “fair market value” (defined below) by (y) the fair market value. The “fair market value” shall mean the average reported last sale price of the Common Stock for the 10 trading days ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the notice of redemption is sent to the holders of private placement warrants.
A holder of a Warrant may notify the Company in writing in the event it elects to be subject to a requirement that such holder will not have the right to exercise such Warrant, to the extent that, to the Warrant agent’s actual knowledge, after giving effect to such exercise, such person (together with such person’s affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of 4.9% or 9.8% (or such other amount as a holder may specify) of the shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise.
If the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock is increased by a stock dividend payable in shares of Common Stock, or by a split-up of shares of Common Stock or other similar event, then, on the effective date of such stock dividend, split-up or similar event, the number of shares of Common Stock issuable on exercise of each Warrant will be increased in proportion to such increase in the outstanding shares of Common Stock. A rights offering to holders of Common Stock entitling holders to purchase shares of Common Stock at a price less than the fair market value will be deemed a stock dividend of a number of shares of Company Common Stock equal to the product of (i) the number of shares of Common Stock actually sold in such rights offering (or issuable
under any other equity securities sold in such rights offering that are convertible into or exercisable for Common Stock) and (ii) one (1) minus the quotient of (x) the price per share of Common Stock paid in such rights offering divided by (y) the fair market value. For these purposes (i) if the rights offering is for securities convertible into or exercisable for Common Stock, in determining the price payable for Common Stock, there will be taken into account any consideration received for such rights, as well as any additional amount payable upon exercise or conversion and (ii) fair market value means the volume weighted average price of Common Stock as reported during 10 trading day period ending on the trading day prior to the first date on which the shares of Common Stock trade on the applicable exchange or in the applicable market, regular way, without the right to receive such rights.
In addition, if the Company, at any time while the Warrants are outstanding and unexpired, pay a dividend or make a distribution in cash, securities, or other assets to the holders of Common Stock on account of such shares of Common Stock (or other shares of the Company’s capital stock into which the Warrants are convertible), other than (a) as described above or (b) certain ordinary cash dividends, then the Warrant exercise price will be decreased, effective immediately after the effective date of such event, by the amount of cash and/or the fair market value of any securities or other assets paid on each share of Common Stock in respect of such event.
If the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock is decreased by a consolidation, combination, reverse stock split or reclassification of shares of Common Stock or other similar event, then, on the effective date of such consolidation, combination, reverse stock split, reclassification or similar event, the number of shares of Common Stock issuable on exercise of each Warrant will be decreased in proportion to such decrease in outstanding shares of Common Stock.
Whenever the number of shares of Common Stock purchasable upon the exercise of the Warrants is adjusted, as described above, the Warrant exercise price will be adjusted by multiplying the Warrant exercise price immediately prior to such adjustment by a fraction (x) the numerator of which will be the number of shares of Common Stock purchasable upon the exercise of the Warrants immediately prior to such adjustment, and (y) the denominator of which will be the number of shares of Common Stock so purchasable immediately thereafter.
In case of any reclassification or reorganization of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (other than those described above or that solely affects the par value of such shares of Common Stock), or in the case of any merger or consolidation of us with or into another corporation (other than a consolidation or merger in which the Company is the continuing corporation and that does not result in any reclassification or reorganization of its outstanding shares of the Common Stock), or in the case of any sale or conveyance to another corporation or entity of the assets or other property of us as an entirety or substantially as an entirety in connection with which the Company are dissolved, the warrantholders will thereafter have the right to purchase and receive, upon the basis and upon the terms and conditions specified in the Warrants and in lieu of the shares of Common Stock immediately theretofore purchasable and receivable upon the exercise of the rights represented thereby, the kind and amount of shares of stock or other securities or property (including cash) receivable upon such reclassification, reorganization, merger or consolidation, or upon a dissolution following any such sale or transfer, that the holder of the Warrants would have received if such holder had exercised their Warrants immediately prior to such event. If less than 70% of the consideration receivable by the holders of Common Stock in such a transaction is payable in the form of Common Stock in the successor entity that is listed for trading on a national securities exchange or is quoted in an established over-the-counter market, or is to be so listed for trading or quoted immediately following such event, and if the registered holder of the Warrant properly exercises the Warrant within 30 days following public disclosure of such transaction, the Warrant exercise price will be reduced as specified in the Warrant Agreement based on the Black-Scholes value (as defined in the Warrant Agreement) of the Warrant. The purpose of such exercise price reduction is to provide additional value to warrantholders when an extraordinary transaction occurs during the exercise period of the Warrants pursuant to which the warrantholders otherwise do not receive the full potential value of the Warrants in order to determine and realize the option value component of the Warrant. This formula is to compensate the warrantholder for the loss of the option value portion of the Warrant due to the requirement that the warrantholder exercise the Warrant within 30 days of the event. The Black-Scholes model is an accepted pricing model for estimating fair market value where no quoted market price for an instrument is available.
Dividends
The Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”) permits a corporation to declare and pay dividends out of “surplus” or, if there is no “surplus”, out of its net profits for the fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and/or the preceding fiscal year. “Surplus” is defined as the excess of the net assets of the corporation over the amount determined to be the capital of the corporation by the Board. The capital of the corporation is typically calculated to be (and cannot be less than) the aggregate par value of all issued shares of capital stock. Net assets equals the fair value of the total assets minus total liabilities. The DGCL also provides that dividends may not be paid out of net profits if, after the payment of the dividend, capital is less than the capital represented by the outstanding stock of all classes having a preference upon the distribution of assets.
The Company has not paid any cash dividends on its Common Stock to date. Declaration and payment of any dividend in the future will be subject to the discretion of the Board. The time and amount of dividends will be dependent upon the Company’s financial condition, operations, cash requirements and availability, debt repayment obligations, capital expenditure needs and restrictions in the Company’s debt instruments, industry trends, the provisions of Delaware law affecting the payment of distributions to stockholders and any other factors the Board may consider relevant. In addition, the Board is not currently contemplating and does not anticipate declaring any stock dividends in the foreseeable future. Further, the Company’s ability to declare dividends may be limited by restrictive covenants contained in the agreements governing the indebtedness of the Company’s subsidiaries.
Annual Stockholder Meetings
The Amended and Restated Bylaws provided that annual stockholder meetings will be held at a date, time and place, if any, as exclusively selected by the Board. To the extent permitted under applicable law, the Company may conduct meetings by remote communications, including by webcast.
Anti-Takeover Effects of the Company’s Amended and Restated Charter and Amended and Restated Bylaws and Certain Provisions of Delaware Law
The Amended and Restated Charter, Amended and Restated Bylaws, and the DGCL contains provisions, as summarized in the following paragraphs, that are intended to enhance the likelihood of continuity and stability in the composition of the Company’s Board and to discourage certain types of transactions that may involve an actual or threatened acquisition of the Company. These provisions are intended to avoid costly takeover battles, reduce the Company’s vulnerability to a hostile change of control and enhance the ability of the Company’s Board to maximize stockholder value in connection with any unsolicited offer to acquire the Company. However, these provisions may have an anti-takeover effect and may delay, deter, or prevent a merger or acquisition of the Company by means of a tender offer, a proxy contest or other takeover attempt that a stockholder might consider in its best interest, including those attempts that might result in a premium over the prevailing market price for the shares of Common Stock held by stockholders.
Authorized but Unissued Capital Stock
Delaware law does not require stockholder approval for any issuance of authorized shares.
However, the listing requirements of NASDAQ, which would apply so long as the Common Stock remains listed on the NASDAQ, require stockholder approval of certain issuances equal to or exceeding 20% of the then-outstanding voting power of the Company’s capital stock or the-then outstanding number of shares of Common Stock. These additional shares may be used for a variety of corporate purposes, including future public offerings, to raise additional capital or to facilitate acquisitions.
The Company’s Board may generally issue preferred shares on terms calculated to discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of the Company or the removal of its management. Moreover, the Company’s authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock will be available for future issuances without stockholder approval and could be utilized for a variety of corporate purposes, including future offerings to raise additional capital, to facilitate acquisitions and employee benefit plans.
One of the effects of the existence of unissued and unreserved Common Stock or preferred stock may be to enable the Company’s Board to issue shares to persons friendly to current management, which issuance could render more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of the Company by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise, and thereby protect the continuity of the Company’s management and possibly deprive the Company’s stockholders of opportunities to sell their shares of Common Stock at prices higher than prevailing market prices.
Classified Board of Directors
The Amended and Restated Charter provides that the Company’s Board is classified into three (3) classes of directors, with the classes to be as nearly equal in number as possible, and with each director serving a three (3) year term. As a result, approximately one-third (1/3) of the Company’s Board will be elected each year. The classification of directors will have the effect of making it more difficult for stockholders to change the composition of the Company’s Board. The Amended and Restated Charter and Amended and Restated Bylaws provide that, subject to any rights of holders of preferred stock to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, the number of directors will be fixed from time to time exclusively pursuant to a resolution adopted by the Board.
Business Combinations
The Company is subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL regulating corporate takeovers. This statute prevents certain Delaware corporations, under certain circumstances, from engaging in a “business combination” with:
· a stockholder who owns 20% or more of the Company’s outstanding voting stock (otherwise known as an “interested stockholder”);
· an affiliate of an interested stockholder; or
· an associate of an interested stockholder, for three (3) years following the date that the stockholder became an interested stockholder.
A “business combination” includes a merger or sale of more than 10% of the Company’s assets. However, the above provisions of Section 203 do not apply if:
· the Company’s Board approves the transaction that made the stockholder an “interested stockholder, prior to the date of the transaction;”
· after the completion of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, that stockholder owned at least 85% of the Company’s voting stock outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, other than statutorily excluded shares of Common Stock; or
· on or subsequent to the date of the transaction, the initial business combination is approved by the Company’s Board and authorized at a meeting of the Company’s stockholders, and not by written consent, by an affirmative vote of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the outstanding voting stock not owned by the interested stockholder.
Removal of Directors; Vacancies
Under the DGCL, and as provided in the Company’s Amended and Restated Charter, a director serving on a classified board may be removed by the stockholders only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of holders of a majority in voting power of all outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class. In addition, the Amended and Restated Charter provides that any newly created directorship on the Board that results from an increase in the number of directors and any vacancies on the Board will be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office or by a sole remaining director (and not by stockholders) even if less than a quorum.
No Cumulative Voting
Under the DGCL, the right to vote cumulatively does not exist unless the Amended and Restated Charter specifically authorizes cumulative voting. The Amended and Restated Charter and the Amended and Restated Bylaws do not authorize cumulative voting.
Special Stockholder Meetings
The Amended and Restated Charter provides that special meetings of the Company’s stockholders may be called at any time only by or at the direction of the chief executive officer, the Board or the chairperson of the Board pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the Board. The Company’s Amended and Restated Bylaws provide that the business transacted at a special meeting shall be limited to the matters so stated in the notice for such meeting. These provisions may have the effect of deferring, delaying or discouraging hostile takeovers, or changes in control or management of the Company.
Requirements for Advance Notification of Director Nominations and Stockholder Proposals
The Company’s Amended and Restated Bylaws establish advance notice procedures with respect to stockholder proposals and the nomination of candidates for election as directors, other than nominations made by or at the direction of the Board or a committee of the Board. In order for any matter to be “properly brought” before a meeting, a stockholder must comply with advance notice requirements and provide the Company with certain information. Generally, to be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be received at the Company’s principal executive offices not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the first anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders. The Company’s Amended and Restated Bylaws also specify requirements as to the form and content of a stockholder’s notice. The Amended and Restated Bylaws allow the Board to adopt rules and regulations for the conduct of meetings as it deems appropriate which may have the effect of precluding the conduct of certain business at a meeting if the rules and regulations are not followed. These provisions may also defer, delay, or discourage a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to influence or obtain control of the Company.
Dissenters’ Rights of Appraisal and Payment
Under the DGCL, with certain exceptions, the Company’s stockholders have appraisal rights in connection with a merger or consolidation of the Company. Pursuant to the DGCL, stockholders who properly request and perfect appraisal rights in connection with such merger or consolidation will have the right to receive payment of the fair value of their shares as determined by the Delaware Court of Chancery.
Stockholders’ Derivative Actions
Under the DGCL, any of the Company’s stockholders may bring an action in the Company’s name to procure a judgment in the Company’s favor, also known as a derivative action, provided that the stockholder bringing the action is a holder of the Company’s shares at the time of the transaction to which the action relates or such stockholder’s stock thereafter devolved by operation of law.
Exclusive Forum
The Amended and Restated Charter provides that unless the Company consents to the selection of an alternative forum, any (1) derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company, (2) action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of the Company or its stockholders, (3) action asserting a claim against the Amended and Restated Charter or the Company’s Amended and Restated Bylaws, or (4) action asserting a claim against the Company, its directors, officers or employees governed by the internal affairs doctrine and, if brought outside of Delaware, the stockholder bringing the suit will be deemed to have consented to service of process on such stockholder’s counsel except (A) as to which the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware determines that there is an indispensable party not subject to the jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery (and the indispensable party does not consent to the personal jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery within 10 days following such determination), (B) which is
vested in the exclusive jurisdiction of a court or forum other than the Court of Chancery, (C) for which the Court of Chancery does not have subject matter jurisdiction, or (D) any action arising under the Securities Act, as amended, as to which the Court of Chancery and the federal district court for the District of Delaware shall have concurrent jurisdiction. In addition, the provisions described above will not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the federal securities laws or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction.
Conflicts of Interest
The DGCL permits corporations to adopt provisions renouncing any interest or expectancy in certain opportunities that are presented to the corporation or its officers, directors, or stockholders. The Amended and Restated Charter, to the extent allowed by the DGCL, renounces any interest or expectancy that the Company has in, or right to be offered an opportunity to participate in, specified business opportunities that are from time to time presented to the Company’s officers, directors or their respective affiliates in circumstances where the application of any such doctrine would conflict with any fiduciary duties or contractual obligations they may have, and the Company renounces any expectancy that any of the directors or officers of the Company will offer any such corporate opportunity of which they may become aware to the Company, except with respect to any of the directors or officers of the Company regarding a corporate opportunity that was offered to such person solely in his or her capacity as a director or officer of the Company and (i) such opportunity is one the Company is legally and contractually permitted to undertake and would otherwise be reasonable for it to pursue and (ii) the director or officer is permitted to refer that opportunity to the Company without violating any legal obligation.
Limitations on Liability and Indemnification of Officers and Directors
The DGCL authorizes corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of directors to corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages for breaches of directors’ fiduciary duties, subject to certain exceptions. The Amended and Restated Charter includes a provision that eliminates the personal liability of directors for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except to the extent such exemption from liability or limitation thereof is not permitted under the DGCL. The effect of these provisions is to eliminate the rights of the Company and its stockholders, through stockholders’ derivative suits on the Company’s behalf, to recover monetary damages from a director for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, including breaches resulting from grossly negligent behavior. However, exculpation does not apply to any director if the director has acted in bad faith, knowingly or intentionally violated the law, authorized illegal dividends or redemptions or derived an improper benefit from his or her actions as a director.
The Company’s Amended and Restated Bylaws provide that the Company must indemnify and advance expenses to the Company’s directors and officers to the fullest extent authorized by the DGCL. The Company also is expressly authorized to carry directors’ and officers’ liability insurance providing indemnification for the Company’s directors, officers and certain employees for some liabilities. The Company believes that these indemnification and advancement provisions and insurance are useful to attract and retain qualified directors and executive officers.
The limitation of liability, advancement and indemnification provisions in the Amended and Restated Charter and Amended and Restated Bylaws may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duty.
These provisions also may have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and officers, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit the Company and its stockholders. In addition, your investment may be adversely affected to the extent the Company pays the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions. There is currently no pending material litigation or proceeding involving the Company’s directors, officers or employees for which indemnification is sought.
