Description of Securities
Exhibit 4.2
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES
The following is a description of the material provisions of our capital stock, as well as other material terms of our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws. We refer you to our Articles of Incorporation and to Amended and Restated Bylaws, copies of which have been filed as exhibits to this report.
Common Stock
We are authorized, subject to limitations prescribed by Nevada law, to issue up to 1,000,000,000 shares of common stock with a nominal par value of $.001.
Dividend Rights
Subject to preferences that may apply to shares of preferred stock outstanding at the time, the holders of outstanding shares of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends out of funds legally available if our board of directors, in its discretion, determines to issue dividends and only then at the times and in the amounts that our board of directors may determine.
Voting Rights
Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Under our articles of incorporation, stockholders do not have the right to cumulate votes for the election of directors.
No Preemptive or Similar Rights
Our common stock is not entitled to preemptive rights and is not subject to conversion, redemption or sinking fund provisions.
Right to Receive Liquidation Distributions
Upon our dissolution, liquidation or winding-up, the assets legally available for distribution to our stockholders are distributable ratably among the holders of our common stock, subject to prior satisfaction of all outstanding debt and liabilities and the preferential rights and payment of liquidation preferences, if any, on any outstanding shares of preferred stock.
Preferred Stock
We are authorized, subject to limitations prescribed by Nevada law, to issue up to 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock, with a par value of $0.001 per share. Our board of directors may authorize the issuance of preferred stock with voting or conversion rights that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of the common stock. The issuance of preferred stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could, among other things, have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of our company and may adversely affect the market price of our common stock and the voting and other rights of the holders of common stock. We have no current plan to issue any shares of preferred stock.
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Anti-takeover Provisions
Some of the provisions of Nevada law, our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation and our Amended and Restated Bylaws may have the effect of delaying, deferring or discouraging another person from acquiring control of our company, including:
| · | acquisition of us by means of a tender offer; | |
| · | acquisition of us by means of a proxy contest or otherwise; or | |
| · | removal of our incumbent officers and directors. |
These provisions are designed to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with our Board and to discourage certain types of coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids. Among other things, the Amended and Restated Articles and the Amended and Restated Bylaws provide that:
| · | Our stockholders may not call special meetings of our stockholders unless they hold in excess of 50% of the shares entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders; |
| · | In any annual meeting of our stockholders, stockholders may not act on any matter not properly brought before the meeting. A matter is considered to have been properly brought before a meeting if it was: (i) specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board; (ii) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors; or (iii) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by a stockholder of the Company who is a stockholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice of such meeting and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting and who complies with certain notice procedures set forth in the Restated Bylaws. According to the Restated Bylaws, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal offices of the Company not less than 45 days nor more than 75 days prior to the one-year anniversary of the date on which the Company first mailed its proxy materials for the previous year’s annual meeting of stockholders (or the date on which the Company mails its proxy materials for the current year if during the prior year the Company did not hold an annual meeting or if the date of the annual meeting was changed more than 30 days from the prior year). Furthermore, such notice must set forth (i) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (ii) the name and record address of the stockholder proposing such business, (iii) the class and number of shares of the Company which are beneficially owned by the stockholders, (iv) a description of any material interest of such stockholder in such business, (v) a representation that such stockholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to bring such business before the meeting and (vi) any other information required by law. |
| · | Our stockholders may not nominate persons to our Board unless they comply with certain nomination procedures. A stockholder must deliver notice of its intent to nominate persons to be elected to the Board to the principal offices of the Company not less than 45 days nor more than 75 days prior to the one-year anniversary of the date on which the Company first mailed its proxy materials for the previous year’s annual meeting of stockholders (or the date on which the Company mails its proxy materials for the current year if during the prior year the Company did not hold an annual meeting or if the date of the annual meeting was changed more than 30 days from the prior year). Such notice shall set forth (a) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or re-election as a director, (i) the name, age, business address and residence address of the person, (ii) the principal occupation or employment of the person, (iii) the class and number of shares of the Company which are beneficially owned by the person, and (iv) any other information relating to the person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations for proxies for election of directors pursuant to Rule 14a under the Exchange Act; and (b) as to the stockholder giving the notice, (i) the name and record address of such stockholders, and (ii) the class and number of shares of the Company which are beneficially owned by such stockholder. The proposed nominee must deliver (in accordance with the time periods prescribed for delivery of notice in the Restated Bylaws to the Secretary at the principal offices of the Company a written questionnaire with respect to the background and qualification of such person and the background of any other person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made (which questionnaire shall be provided by the Secretary upon written request) and a written representation and agreement (in the form provided by the Secretary upon written request) that such person (A) is not and will not become a party to (1) any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such person, if elected as a director of the Company, will act or vote on any issue or question (a “Voting Commitment”) that has not been disclosed to the Company or (2) any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such person’s ability to comply, if elected as a director of the Company, with such person’s fiduciary duties under applicable law, (B) is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Company with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director that has not been disclosed therein and (C) in such person’s individual capacity and on behalf of any person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made, would be in compliance, if elected as a director of the Company, and will comply with all applicable publicly disclosed corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality and stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines of the Company. The Company may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as may reasonably be required by the Company to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as a director of the Company. |
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| · | Our Board may designate the terms of, and issue a new series of preferred stock with, voting or other rights without stockholders approval; |
| · | Our directors have the power to adopt, amend or repeal our bylaws without stockholders approval; |
| · | Our stockholders may not cumulate votes in the election of directors; and |
| · | We will indemnify directors and officers against losses that they may incur in investigations and legal proceedings resulting from their services to us, which may include services in connection with takeover defense measures. |
These provisions of our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation or Amended and Restated Bylaws may have the effect of delaying, deferring or discouraging another person or entity from acquiring control of us.
In addition, the Nevada Revised Statutes contain provisions governing the acquisition of a controlling interest in certain Nevada corporations. These laws provide generally that any person that acquires 20% or more of the outstanding voting shares of certain Nevada corporations in the secondary public or private market must follow certain formalities before such acquisition or they may be denied voting rights, unless a majority of the disinterested stockholders of the corporation elects to restore such voting rights in whole or in part. These laws will apply to us if we conduct business in Nevada directly or indirectly through an affiliated corporation and have 200 or more stockholders of record, at least 100 of whom have addresses in Nevada, unless our articles of incorporation or bylaws in effect on the tenth day after the acquisition of a controlling interest provide otherwise. These laws provide that a person acquires a “controlling interest” whenever a person acquires shares of a subject corporation that, but for the application of these provisions of the Nevada Revised Statutes, would enable that person to exercise (1) one-fifth or more, but less than one-third, (2) one-third or more, but less than a majority or (3) a majority or more, of all of the voting power of the corporation in the election of directors. Once an acquirer crosses one of these thresholds, shares which it acquired in the transaction taking it over the threshold and within the 90 days immediately preceding the date when the acquiring person acquired or offered to acquire a controlling interest become “control shares” to which the voting restrictions described above apply. These laws may have a chilling effect on certain transactions if our articles of incorporation or bylaws are not amended to provide that these provisions do not apply to us or to an acquisition of a controlling interest, or if our disinterested stockholders do not confer voting rights in the control shares.
Nevada law also provides that if a person is the “beneficial owner” of 10% or more of the voting power of certain Nevada corporations, such person is an “interested stockholder” and may not engage in any “combination” with the corporation for a period of three years from the date such person first became an interested stockholder, unless the combination or the transaction by which the person first became an interested stockholder is approved by the board of directors of the corporation before the person first became an interested stockholder. Another exception to this prohibition is if the combination is approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of stock representing a majority of the outstanding voting power not beneficially owned by the interested stockholder at a meeting, no earlier than three years after the date that the person first became an interested stockholder. These laws generally apply to Nevada corporations with 200 or more stockholders of record, but a Nevada corporation may elect in its articles of incorporation not to be governed by these particular laws. We have not made such an election in our Articles of Incorporation.
Nevada law also provides that directors may resist a change or potential change in control if the directors determine that the change is opposed to, or not in the best interest of, the corporation.
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