Description of Capital Stock
Exhibit 4.2
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES
The following is a summary description of the material provisions of our capital stock, as well as other material terms of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws. This description is qualified in its entirety by reference to our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, and Amended and Restated Bylaws, copies of which have been filed as exhibits to this report, and to the applicable provisions of Delaware corporation law.
Common Stock
We are authorized, subject to limitations prescribed by Delaware law, to issue up to 3,000,000,000 shares of common stock with a nominal par value of $0.0001.
Dividend Rights
Subject to preferences that may apply to shares of preferred stock outstanding at the time, the holders of outstanding shares of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends out of funds legally available if our board of directors, in its discretion, determines to issue dividends and only then at the times and in the amounts that our board of directors may determine.
Voting Rights
Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Under our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, stockholders do not have the right to cumulate votes for the election of directors.
No Preemptive or Similar Rights
Our common stock is not entitled to preemptive rights and is not subject to conversion, redemption or sinking fund provisions.
Right to Receive Liquidation Distributions
Upon our dissolution, liquidation or winding-up, the assets legally available for distribution to our stockholders are distributable ratably among the holders of our common stock, subject to prior satisfaction of all outstanding debt and liabilities and the preferential rights and payment of liquidation preferences, if any, on any outstanding shares of preferred stock.
Preferred Stock
We are authorized to issue up to 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a nominal par value of $0.0001. Delaware law and our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation allow our board of directors, without the necessity of obtaining stockholder approval, to establish and designate the name of each class or series of the shares and to set the terms of such shares (including terms with respect to redemption, sinking fund, dividend, liquidation, preemptive, conversion and voting rights and preferences). Accordingly, our Board of Directors, without shareholder approval, may issue preferred stock with terms (including terms with respect to redemption, sinking fund, dividend, liquidation, preemptive, conversion and voting rights and preferences) that could adversely affect the voting power and other rights of holders of the common stock. The issuance of preferred stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could, among other things, have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of our company and may adversely affect the market price of our common stock and the voting and other rights of the holders of common stock. We have no current plans to issue any shares of preferred stock.
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Anti-takeover Provisions
Some of the provisions of Delaware law, our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and our Amended and Restated Bylaws may have the effect of delaying, deferring or discouraging another person from acquiring control of our company or removing our incumbent officers and directors. These provisions, summarized below, are expected to discourage certain types of coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids. These provisions are also designed to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with our board of directors. We believe that the benefits of increased protection against an unfriendly or unsolicited proposal to acquire or restructure us outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging such proposals. Among other things, negotiation of such proposals could result in an improvement of their terms.
Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or Amended and Restated Bylaws provide that:
| · | Board of Directors Vacancies. Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and restated bylaws authorize only our board of directors to fill vacant directorships, including newly created seats. In addition, the number of directors constituting our board of directors is permitted to be set only by a resolution adopted by a majority vote of our entire board of directors. These provisions would prevent a stockholder from increasing the size of our board of directors and then gaining control of our board of directors by filling the resulting vacancies with its own nominees. This makes it more difficult to change the composition of our board of directors but promotes continuity of management. |
| · | Director Removals. Our Amended and Restated Bylaws provide that directors can only be removed for cause by holders of at least a majority of the shares entitled to vote at an election of directors. This makes it more difficult to change the composition of the Board. |
| · | Stockholder Action; Special Meeting of Stockholders. Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides that no action shall be taken by our stockholders except at an annual or special meeting of our stockholders called in accordance with our bylaws. Our bylaws provide that special meetings of our stockholders may be called by holders or more than fifty percent (50%) of the shares entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders, a majority of our board of directors, the chairman of our board of directors, or our chief executive officer. |
| · | Advance Notice Requirements for Stockholder Proposals and Director Nominations. Our Amended and Restated Bylaws provide advance notice procedures for stockholders seeking to bring business before our annual meeting of stockholders or to nominate candidates for election as directors at our annual meeting of stockholders. Our restated bylaws also specify certain requirements regarding the form and content of a stockholder’s notice. These provisions might preclude our stockholders from bringing matters before our annual meeting of stockholders or from making nominations for directors at our annual meeting of stockholders if the proper procedures are not followed. We expect that these provisions might also discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our company. |
| · | No Cumulative Voting. The Delaware General Corporation Law provides that stockholders are not entitled to the right to cumulate votes in the election of directors unless a corporation’s certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated bylaws do not provide for cumulative voting. |
| · | Issuance of “Blank Check” Preferred Stock. Our board of directors has the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to issue up to 50,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock with rights and preferences, including voting rights, designated from time to time by our board of directors. The existence of authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock enables our board of directors to render more difficult or to discourage an attempt to obtain control of us by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest, or otherwise; |
| · | Bylaws Amendments Without Stockholder Approval. Our Amended and Restated Bylaws provide that a majority of the authorized number of directors will generally have the power to adopt, amend or repeal our bylaws without stockholder approval; | |
| · | Broad Indemnity. We are permitted to indemnify directors and officers against losses that they may incur in investigations and legal proceedings resulting from their services to us, which may include services in connection with takeover defense measures. This provision may make it more difficult to remove directors and officers and delay a change in control of our management. |
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Delaware Anti-Takeover Provisions
Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) prohibits public companies from entering into a business combination (including a merger, sale of assets or transfer of stock) with an “interested stockholder” for a period of three years after the person becomes an interested stockholder, unless certain conditions apply. An “interested stockholder” is defined as a person or group of persons who beneficially acquire 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation. Section 203 does not apply if the corporation’s board of directors preapproves the transaction by which a stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, or if the subsequent business combination with an interested stockholder is authorized at a stockholder meeting by two-thirds of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock (excluding the stock held by the interested stockholder). Further, a stockholder who acquires 85% or more of the voting stock of a corporation (excluding stock held by directors who are also officers and certain employee stock plans) in the first transaction in which it becomes an interested stockholder is not subject to the three-year waiting period for any subsequent business combination.
A Delaware corporation may amend its certificate of incorporation to “opt out” of Section 203’s anti-takeover protection. The amendment must be approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares entitled to vote, in addition to any other vote required by law, and it must be effected before any stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. Subject to certain exceptions, such amendment will not take effect until twelve months after its adoption.
We amended our Certificate of Incorporation to elect not to be governed by Section 203 of the DGCL to facilitate potential future business combinations regardless of whether such business combinations are with interested stockholders, which amendment took effect on June 15, 2018.
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