By-Laws of MSU Acquisition Corporation

Summary

This document sets out the by-laws for MSU Acquisition Corporation, detailing the rules for its internal governance. It specifies the location of the corporation’s offices, the maintenance of books and records, and procedures for annual and special meetings of stockholders, including notice requirements, quorum, and voting. The by-laws also outline how meetings are organized and who may preside. These rules are designed to ensure orderly management and compliance with Delaware law.

EX-2.2.1.2 8 b312727ex2-2_1point2.txt BY-LAWS EXHIBIT 2.2.1.2 MSU ACQUISITION CORPORATION BY-LAWS ARTICLE I Offices ------- The registered office of MSU Acquisition Corporation (the "Corporation") shall be in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware. The Corporation may also have offices at such other places, both within and without the State of Delaware, as may from time to time be designated by the Board of Directors. ARTICLE II Books ----- The books and records of the Corporation may be kept (except as otherwise provided by the laws of the State of Delaware) outside of the State of Delaware and at such place or places as may from time to time be designated by the Board of Directors. The Corporation shall keep correct and complete books and records of account and shall keep minutes of the proceedings of its Stockholders, Board of Directors, and committees of Directors. Any books, records and minutes may be in written form or in any other form capable of being converted into written form within a reasonable time. ARTICLE III Stockholders ------------ Section 1. Annual Meetings. The annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation for the election of Directors and the transaction of such other business as may properly come before said meeting shall be held at the principal business office of the Corporation or at such other place or places either within or without the State of Delaware as may be designated by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting, and shall be held no later than thirteen months after the last preceding annual meeting of Stockholders. Written notice of the place, day and hour designated for the annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation shall be delivered personally or mailed, by first class mail, to each stockholder entitled to vote thereat not less than ten (10) and not more than sixty (60) days prior to said meeting, but at any meeting at which all stockholders shall be present, or of which all stockholders not present have waived notice in writing, the giving of notice as above described may be dispensed with. If mailed, said notice shall be directed to each stockholder at his address as the same appears on the stock ledger of the Corporation unless he shall have filed with the Secretary of the Corporation a written request that notices intended for him be mailed to some other address, in which case it shall be mailed to the address designated in such request. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited in the United States mail addressed to the Stockholder at his address as it appears on the stock ledger of the Corporation, with postage thereon prepaid. Section 2. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the stockholders of the Corporation shall be held whenever called in the manner required by the laws of the State of Delaware for purposes as to which there are special statutory provisions, and for other purposes whenever called by resolution of the Board of Directors, or by the President, or when requested in a writing by the holders of not less than ten percent (10%) outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation the holders of which are entitled to vote on matters that are to be voted on at such meeting. Any such special meeting of stockholders may be held at the principal business office of the Corporation or at such other place or places, either within or without the State of Delaware, as may be specified in the notice thereof. Business transacted at any special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation shall be limited to the purposes stated in the notice thereof. Except as otherwise expressly required by the laws of the State of Delaware, written notice of each special meeting, stating the day, hour and place, and in general terms the business to be transacted thereat, shall be delivered personally or mailed to each stockholder entitled to vote thereat not less than ten (10) and not more than sixty (60) days before the meeting. If mailed, said notice shall be directed to each stockholder at his address as the same appears on the stock ledger of the Corporation unless he shall have filed with the Secretary of the Corporation a written request that notices intended for him be mailed to some other address, in which case it shall be mailed to the address designated in said request. At any special meeting at which all stockholders shall be present, or of which all stockholders not present have waived notice in writing, the giving of notice as above described may be dispensed with. Section 3. List of Stockholders. The officer or agent of the Corporation who shall have charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at said meeting, arranged in alphabetical order and showing the address of each stockholder and the number, class and series of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. Section 4. Quorum. At any meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, except as otherwise expressly provided by the laws of the State of Delaware, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, there must be present, either in person or by proxy, in order to constitute a quorum, stockholders owning a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of the capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at said meeting. After a quorum has been established at a Stockholders' meeting, the subsequent withdrawal of Stockholders, so as to reduce the number of Stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting below the number required for a quorum, shall not affect the validity of any action taken at the meeting or any adjournment thereof. At any meeting of stockholders at which a quorum is not present, the holders of, or proxies for, a majority of the stock which is represented at such meeting, shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present or represented. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally noticed. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting. When a specified item of business is required to be voted on by a class or series of stock, a majority of the shares of such class or series shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of such item of business by that class or series. Section 5. Organization. The President, or in his absence any Vice President, shall call to order meetings of the stockholders and shall act as chairman of such meetings. The Board of Directors or the stockholders may appoint any stockholder or any Director or officer of the Corporation to act as chairman of any meeting in the absence of the President and all of the Vice Presidents. The Secretary of the Corporation shall act as secretary of all meetings of the stockholders, but in the absence of the Secretary the presiding officer may appoint any other person to act as secretary of any meeting. Section 6. Voting. Except as otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, each stockholder of record of the Corporation shall, at every meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, be entitled to one (l) vote for each share of stock standing in his name on the books of the Corporation on any matter on which he is entitled to vote, and such votes may be cast either in person or by proxy, appointed by an instrument in writing, subscribed by such stockholder or by his duly authorized attorney, and filed with the Secretary before being voted on, but no proxy shall be voted after three (3) years from its date, unless said proxy provides for a longer period. If the Certificate of Incorporation provides for more or less than one (l) vote for any share of capital stock of the Corporation, on any matter, then any and every reference in these By-Laws to a majority or other proportion of capital stock shall refer to such majority or other proportion of the votes of such stock. The vote on all elections of Directors and on any other questions before the meeting need not be by ballot, except upon demand of any stockholder. When a quorum is present at any meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, the vote of the holders of a majority of the capital stock entitled to vote at such meeting and present in person or represented by proxy shall decide any question brought before such meeting, unless the question is one upon which, under any provision of the laws of the State of Delaware or of the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, a different vote is required in which case such provision shall govern and control the decision of such question. Treasury shares, shares of stock of the Corporation owned by another corporation the majority of the voting stock of which is owned or controlled by the Corporation, and shares of stock of the Corporation held by it in a fiduciary capacity shall not be voted, directly or indirectly, at any meeting, and shall not be counted in determining the total number of outstanding shares at any given time. Shares standing in the name of another corporation, domestic or foreign, may be voted by the Officer, agent, or proxy designated by the by-laws of the corporate Stockholder; or, in the absence of any applicable by-law, by such person as the Board of Directors of the corporate Stockholder may designate. Proof of such designation may be made by presentation of a certified copy of the by-laws or other instrument of the corporate Stockholder. In the absence of any such designation, or in case of conflicting designation by the corporate Stockholder, the Chairman of the Board, President, any Vice President, Secretary and Treasurer of the corporate Stockholder shall be presumed to possess, in that order, authority to vote such shares. Shares held by an administrator, executor, guardian or conservator may be voted by him, either in person or by proxy, without a transfer of such shares into his name. Shares standing in the name of a trustee may be voted by him, either in person or by proxy, but no trustee shall be entitled to vote shares held by him without a transfer of such shares into his name. Shares standing in the name of a receiver may be voted by such receiver, and shares held by or under the control of a receiver may be voted by such receiver without the transfer thereof into his name if authority so to do be contained in an appropriate order of the court by which such receiver was appointed. A Stockholder whose shares are pledged shall be entitled to vote such shares until the shares have been transferred into the name of the pledgee, and thereafter the pledgee or his nominee shall be entitled to vote the shares so transferred. On and after the date on which a written notice of redemption of redeemable shares has been mailed to the holders thereof and a sum sufficient to redeem such shares has been deposited with a bank or trust company with irrevocable instruction and authority to pay the redemption price to the holders thereof upon surrender of certificates therefore, such shares shall not be entitled to vote on any matter and shall not be deemed to be outstanding shares. Section 7. Consent. Except as otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation, whenever the vote of the stockholders at a meeting thereof is required or permitted to be taken in connection with any corporate action by any provision of the laws of the State of Delaware or of the Certificate of Incorporation, such corporate action may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding capital stock of the Corporation having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted. Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders who have not consented thereto in writing. Section 8. Judges. At every meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation at which a vote by ballot is taken, the polls shall be opened and closed, the proxies and ballots shall be received and taken in charge, and all questions touching the qualifications of voters, the validity of proxies and the acceptance or rejection of votes shall be decided by two (2) judges. Said judges shall be appointed by the Board of Directors before the meeting, or, if no such appointment shall have been made, by the presiding officer of the meeting. If for any reason any of the judges previously appointed shall fail to attend or refuse or be unable to serve, judges in place of any so failing to attend, or refusing or unable to serve, shall be appointed in like manner. Section 9. Voting Trusts. Any number of Stockholders of the Corporation may create a voting trust for the purpose of conferring upon a trustee or trustees the right to vote or otherwise represent their shares, as provided by law. Where the counterpart of a voting trust agreement and the copy of the record of the holders of voting trust certificates has been deposited with the Corporation as provided by law, such documents shall be subject to the same right of examination by a Stockholder of the Corporation, in person or by agent or attorney, as are the books and records of the Corporation, and such counterpart and such copy of such record shall be subject to examination by any holder of record of voting trust certificates either in person or by agent or attorney, at any reasonable time for any proper purpose. Section 10. Proxies. Every Stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of Stockholders or to express consent or dissent without a meeting or a Stockholders' duly authorized attorney-in-fact may authorize another person or persons to act for him by proxy. Every proxy must be signed by the Stockholder or his attorney-in-fact. No proxy shall be valid after the expiration of eleven months from the date thereof unless otherwise provided in the proxy. Every proxy shall be revocable at the pleasure of the Stockholder executing it, except as otherwise provided by law. The authority of the holder of a proxy to act shall not be revoked by the incompetence or death of the Stockholder who executed the proxy unless, before the authority is exercised, written notice of an adjudication of such incompetence or of such death is received by the corporate Officer responsible for maintaining the list of Stockholders. If a proxy for the same shares confers authority upon two or more persons and does not otherwise provide, a majority of them present at the meeting, or if only one is present then that one, may exercise all the powers conferred by the proxy; but if the proxy holders present at the meeting are equally divided as to the right and manner of voting in any particular case, the voting of such shares shall be prorated. If a proxy expressly provides, any proxy holder may appoint in writing a substitute to act in his place. Section 11. Stockholders' Agreements. Two or more Stockholders of the Corporation may enter an agreement providing for the exercise of voting rights in the manner provided in the agreement or relating to any phase of the affairs of the Corporation as provided by law. Nothing therein shall impair the right of the Corporation to treat the Stockholders of record as entitled to vote the shares standing in their names. ARTICLE IV Directors --------- Section 1. Number, Election and Term of Office. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by the Board of Directors. The number of Directors which shall constitute the whole Board shall be between two (2) and twelve (12). Within such limits, the number of Directors may be fixed from time to time by vote of the stockholders or of the Board of Directors, at any regular or special meeting, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, but no decrease in the number of Directors shall have the effect of shortening the term of any incumbent Director. Directors need not be stockholders or residents of the State of Delaware. Directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, except as provided in Section 2 of this Article, to serve until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until their respective successors are duly elected and have qualified or until his earlier resignation, removal from office or death. In addition to the powers by these By-Laws expressly conferred upon them, the Board may exercise all such powers of the Corporation as are not by the laws of the State of Delaware, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws required to be exercised or done by the stockholders. Section 2. Vacancies and Newly Created Directorships. Except as hereinafter provided, any vacancy in the office of a Director occurring for any reason other than the removal of a Director pursuant to Section 3 of this Article, and any newly created Directorship resulting from any increase in the authorized number of Directors, may be filled by a majority of the Directors then in office or by a sole remaining Director. In the event that any vacancy in the office of a Director occurs as a result of the removal of a Director pursuant to Section 3 of this Article, or in the event that vacancies occur contemporaneously in the offices of all of the Directors, such vacancy or vacancies shall be filled by the stockholders of the Corporation at a meeting of stockholders called for the purpose. Directors chosen or elected as aforesaid shall hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until their respective successors are duly elected and have qualified. Section 3. Removals. At any meeting of stockholders of the Corporation called for the purpose, the holders of a majority of the shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting may remove from office, with or without cause, any or all of the Directors. Section 4. Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice immediately following the annual meeting of Stockholders and at such other times and places as shall have been publicized among all Directors, either within or without the State of Delaware, as shall from time to time be determined by resolution of the Board. Section 5. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the President or any two Directors on notice given to each Director, and such meetings shall be held at the principal business office of the Corporation or at such other place or places, either within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be specified in the notices thereof. Section 6. Annual Meetings. The first meeting of each newly elected Board of Director shall be held as soon as practicable after each annual election of Directors and on the same day, at the same place at which regular meetings of the Board of Directors are held, or at such other time and place as may be provided by resolution of the Board. Such meeting may be held at any other time or place which shall be specified in a notice given, as hereinafter provided, for special meetings of the Board of Directors. Section 7. Notice. Notice of any meeting of the Board of Directors requiring notice shall be given to each Director by either (i) mailing the same, addressed to him at his residence or usual place of business, at least forty-eight (48) hours before the time fixed for the meeting, or (ii) shall be sent to him at such place by facsimile transmission, courier, telegraph, cable, wireless or by electronic transmission, or shall be delivered personally or by telephone, at least twelve (12) hours before the time fixed for the meeting. At any meeting at which every Director shall be present or at which all Directors not present shall waive notice in writing, any and all business may be transacted even though no notice shall have been given. Section 8. Quorum. At all meetings of the Board of Directors, the presence of a one third or more of the Directors constituting the Board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Except as may be otherwise specifically provided by the laws of the State of Delaware, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, the affirmative vote of a majority of the Directors present at the time of such vote shall be the act of the Board of Directors if a quorum is present. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, the Directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present. Section 9. Consent. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board consent thereto in writing, and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board. Section 10. Telephonic Meetings. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, members of the Board of Directors may participate in a meeting of the Board by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in such meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting pursuant to this Section 10 shall constitute presence in person at such meeting. Section 11. Compensation of Directors. Directors, as such, shall not receive any stated salary for their services, but, by resolution of the Board, a fixed sum and expenses of attendance, if any, may be allowed for attendance at each regular or special meeting of the Board; provided that nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any Director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Section 12. Resignations. Any Director of the Corporation may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Board of Directors or to the President or the Secretary of the Corporation. Any such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein, or, if the time be not specified, upon receipt thereof; and unless otherwise specified therein, acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Section 13. Director Conflicts of Interest. No contract or other transaction between the Corporation and one or more of its Directors or any other corporation, firm, association or entity in which one or more of the Directors are Directors or Officers or are financially interested, shall be either void or voidable because of such relationship or interest or because such Director or Directors are present at the meeting of the Board of Directors or a committee thereof which authorizes, approves or ratifies such contract or transaction or because his or their votes are counted for such purpose, if: (a) The fact of such relationship or interest is disclosed or known to the Board of Directors or committee which authorizes, approves or ratifies the contract or transaction by a vote or consent sufficient for the purpose without counting the votes or consents of such interested Directors; or (b) The fact of such relationship or interest is disclosed or known to the Stockholders entitled to vote and they authorize, approve or ratify such contract or transaction by vote or written consent; or (c) The contract or transaction is fair and reasonable as to the Corporation at the time it is authorized by the Board, a committee or the Stockholders. Common or interested directors may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the Board of Directors or a committee thereof which authorizes, approves or ratifies such contract or transaction. Section 14. Chairman of the Board. At the Annual Meeting of Directors held after the Annual Meeting of Stockholders, the Board of Directors shall select one of their members to serve as Chairman of the Board until the next Annual Meeting of Directors or until removed by the Board of Directors, and perform such other duties as may be assigned to him by the Board of Directors. ARTICLE V Officers -------- Section 1. Number, Election and Term of Office. The officers of the Corporation shall be a President, one or more Vice Presidents, a Secretary and a Treasurer, and may at the discretion of the Board of Directors include one or more Assistant Treasurers and Assistant Secretaries. The officers of the Corporation shall be elected annually by the Board of Directors at its meeting held immediately after the annual meeting of the stockholders, and shall hold their respective offices until their successors are duly elected and have qualified. Any number of offices may be held by the same person. The Board of Directors may from time to time appoint such other officers and agents as the interest of the Corporation may require and may fix their duties and terms of office. Section 2. President. The President shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation and shall have general and active management of the business of the Corporation, and shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board are carried into effect. He shall ensure that the books, reports, statements, certificates and other records of the Corporation are kept, made or filed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware. He shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors and at all meetings of the stockholders. He shall cause to be called regular and special meetings of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors in accordance with these By-Laws. He may sign, execute and deliver in the name of the Corporation all deeds, mortgages, bonds, contracts or other instruments authorized by the Board of Directors, except in cases where the signing, execution or delivery thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board of Directors or by these By-Laws to some other officer or agent of the Corporation or where any of them shall be required by law otherwise to be signed, executed or delivered. He may sign, with the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer, or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, certificates of stock of the Corporation. He shall appoint and remove, employ and discharge, and fix the compensation of all servants, agents, employees and clerks of the Corporation other than the duly elected or appointed officers, subject to the approval of the Board of Directors. In addition to the powers and duties expressly conferred upon him by these By-Laws, he shall, except as otherwise specifically provided by the laws of the State of Delaware, have such other powers and duties as shall from time to time be assigned to him by the Board of Directors. Section 3. Vice Presidents. The Vice Presidents shall perform such duties as the President or the Board of Directors shall require. Any Vice President shall, during the absence or incapacity of the President, assume and perform his duties. Section 4. Secretary. The Secretary may sign all certificates of stock of the Corporation. He shall record all the proceedings of the meetings of the Board of Directors and of the stockholders of the Corporation in books to be kept for that purpose. He shall have custody of the seal of the Corporation and may affix the same to any instrument requiring such seal when authorized by the Board of Directors, and when so affixed he may attest the same by his signature. He shall keep the transfer books, in which all transfers of the capital stock of the Corporation shall be registered, and the stock books, which shall contain the names and addresses of all holders of the capital stock of the Corporation and the number of shares held by each; and he shall keep such stock and transfer books open daily during business hours to the inspection of every stockholder and for transfer of stock. He shall notify the Directors and stockholders of their respective meetings as required by law or by these By-Laws, and shall perform such other duties as may be required by law or by these By-Laws, or which may be assigned to him from time to time by the Board of Directors. Section 5. Assistant Secretaries. The Assistant Secretaries shall, during the absence or incapacity of the Secretary, assume and perform all functions and duties which the Secretary might lawfully do if present and not under any incapacity. Section 6. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall have charge of the funds and securities of the Corporation. He may sign all certificates of stock. He shall keep full and accurate accounts of all receipts and disbursements of the Corporation in books belonging to the Corporation and shall deposit all monies and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. He shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board, and shall render to the President or the Directors, whenever they may require it, an account of all his transactions as Treasurer and an account of the business and financial position of the Corporation. Section 7. Assistant Treasurers. The Assistant Treasurers shall, during the absence or incapacity of the Treasurer, assume and perform all functions and duties which the Treasurer might lawfully do if present and not under any incapacity. Section 8. Treasurer's Bond. The Treasurer and Assistant Treasurers shall, if required so to do by the Board of Directors, each give a bond (which shall be renewed every six (6) years) in such sum and with such surety or sureties as the Board of Directors may require. Section 9. Transfer of Duties. The Board of Directors in its absolute discretion may transfer the power and duties, in whole or in part, of any officer to any other officer, or persons, notwithstanding the provisions of these By-Laws, except as otherwise provided by the laws of the State of Delaware. Section 10. Vacancies. If the office of President, Vice President, Secretary or Treasurer, or of any other officer or agent becomes vacant for any reason, the Board of Directors may choose a successor to hold office for the unexpired term. Section 11. Removals. At any meeting of the Board of Directors called for the purpose, any officer or agent of the Corporation may be removed from office, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the entire Board of Directors. Section 12. Compensation of Officers. The officers shall receive such salary or compensation as may be determined by the Board of Directors. Section 13. Resignations. Any officer or agent of the Corporation may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Board of Directors or to the President or the Secretary of the Corporation. Any such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein or, if the time be not specified, upon receipt thereof; and unless otherwise specified therein, acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. ARTICLE VI Indemnification of Directors, Officers and Others ------------------------------------------------- Section 1. Indemnification for Actions Not By the Corporation. The Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than any action or suit by or in the right of the Corporation) by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with such suit, action or proceeding, including any appeal thereof, if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. Section 2. Indemnification for Actions By the Corporation. The Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party, to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee, or agent of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise against expenses, including attorneys' fees, actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit, including any appeal thereof, if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the Corporation, except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable for negligence or misconduct in the performance of his duty to the Corporation unless, and only to the extent that, the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which such court shall deem proper. Section 3. Authorizations. Any indemnification hereunder (unless required by law or ordered by a court) shall be made by the Corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the director, officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because he has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in this Article. Such determination shall be made (1) by the Board of Directors by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, or (2) if such quorum is not obtainable, or, even if obtainable, a quorum of disinterested directors so directs, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (3) by the stockholders of the Corporation by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of shareholders who were not parties to such action, suit or proceeding. Section 4. Indemnification Not Exclusive. The indemnification provided herein shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which an indemnified person may be entitled under any statute, by-law, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, and shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person. Section 5. Insurance. The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against him and incurred by him in any such capacity or arising out of his status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify him against such liability under the provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law or of these By-laws. Section 6. Certain Reductions in Indemnity. The Corporation's indemnity of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall be reduced by any amounts such person may collect as indemnification (i) under any policy of insurance purchased and maintained on his behalf by the Corporation or (ii) from such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise. Section 7. Prohibitions Against Indemnification. Nothing contained in this Article, or elsewhere in these By-laws, shall operate to indemnify any director or officer if such indemnification is for any reason contrary to law, either as a matter or public policy, or under the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or any other applicable state or federal law. Section 8. Certain Definitions. For the purposes of this Article, references to "the Corporation" include all constituent corporations absorbed in a consolidation or merger as well as the resulting or surviving corporation so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprises shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Article with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he would if he had served the resulting or surviving corporation in the same capacity. ARTICLE VII Contracts, Checks and Notes --------------------------- Section 1. Contracts. Unless the Board of Directors shall otherwise specifically direct, all contracts of the Corporation shall be executed in the name of the Corporation by the President or a Vice President. Section 2. Checks and Notes. All checks, drafts, bills of exchange and promissory notes and other negotiable instruments of the Corporation shall be signed by such officers or agents of the Corporation as may be designated by the Board of Directors. ARTICLE VIII Stock ----- Section 1. Certificates of Stock. The certificates for shares of the stock of the Corporation shall be in such form, not inconsistent with the Certificate of Incorporation, as shall be prepared or approved by the Board of Directors. Every holder of stock in the Corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by, or in the name of the Corporation by, the President or a Vice President, and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary certifying the number of shares owned by him and the date of issue; and no certificate shall be valid unless so signed. All certificates shall be consecutively numbered and shall be entered in the books of the Corporation as they are issued. Where a certificate is countersigned (l) by a transfer agent other than the Corporation or its employee, or, (2) by a registrar other than the Corporation or its employee, any other signature on the certificate may be facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue. All certificates surrendered to the Corporation shall be cancelled and, except in the case of lost or destroyed certificates, no new certificates shall be issued until the former certificates for the same number of shares of the same class of stock shall have been surrendered and cancelled. Every certificate representing shares which are restricted as to the sale, disposition or other transfer of such shares shall state that such shares are restricted as to transfer and shall set forth or fairly summarize upon the certificate, or shall state that the Corporation will furnish to any Stockholder upon request and without charge a full statement of such restrictions. Section 2. Transfer of Stock. Upon surrender to the Corporation or the transfer agent of the Corporation of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer, it shall be the duty of the Corporation to issue a new certificate to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction upon its books. ARTICLE IX Financial Information --------------------- Not later than four months after the close of each fiscal year, the Corporation shall prepare a balance sheet showing in reasonable detail the financial condition of the Corporation as of the close of its fiscal year, and a profit and loss statement showing the results of the operations of the Corporation during its fiscal year. Upon written request of any Stockholder or holder of voting trust certificates for shares of the Corporation, the Corporation shall mail to such Stockholder or holder of voting trust certificates a copy of the most recent such balance sheet and profit and loss statement. The balance sheets and profit and loss statements shall be filed in the registered office of the Corporation in Delaware, shall be kept for at least five years, and shall be subject to inspection during business hours by any Stockholder or holder of voting trust certificates, in person or by agent. ARTICLE X Registered Stockholders ----------------------- The Corporation shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of any share or shares of stock as the holder in fact thereof and, accordingly, shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to, or interest in, such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, save as expressly provided by the laws of the State of Delaware. ARTICLE XI Lost Certificates ----------------- Any person claiming a certificate of stock to be lost or destroyed, shall make an affidavit or affirmation of the fact and advertise the same in such manner as the Board of Directors may require, and the Board of Directors may, in its discretion, require the owner of the lost or destroyed certificate, or his legal representative, to give the Corporation a bond in a sum sufficient, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, to indemnify the Corporation against any claim that may be made against it on account of the alleged loss of any such certificate. A new certificate of the same tenor and for the same number of shares as the one alleged to be lost or destroyed may be issued without requiring any bond when, in the judgment of the Directors, it is proper so to do. ARTICLE XII Fixing of Record Date --------------------- In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty (60) days prior to any other action. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting. ARTICLE XIII Dividends --------- Subject to the relevant provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, dividends upon the capital stock of the Corporation may be declared by the Board of Directors out of the unreserved and unrestricted earned surplus of the Corporation or out of capital surplus, howsoever arising but each dividend paid out of capital surplus shall be identified as a distribution of capital surplus, and the amount per share paid from such surplus shall be disclosed to the Stockholders receiving the same concurrently with the distribution at any regular or special meeting, pursuant to law. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the capital stock of the Corporation, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the Corporation available for dividends such sums as the Directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation, or for such other purpose as the Directors shall think conducive to the interest of the Corporation, and the Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve in the manner in which it was created. ARTICLE XIV Waiver of Notice ---------------- Whenever any notice whatever is required to be given by statute or under the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, a waiver thereof in writing signed by the person or persons entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be equivalent thereto. ARTICLE XV Seal ---- The corporate seal of the Corporation shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation, the year of its organization and the words "Corporate Seal, Delaware." ARTICLE XVI Amendments ---------- Subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, these By-Laws may be altered, amended or repealed or new By-Laws may be adopted by the stockholders or by the Board of Directors, at any regular meeting of the stockholders or of the Board of Directors or at any special meeting of the stockholders or of the Board of Directors if notice of such alteration, amendment or repeal of the By-Laws or of adoption of new By-Laws be contained in the notice of such special meeting.