Description of securities

Exhibit 4.1

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

The following description of our capital stock is based upon our certificate of incorporation, our bylaws and applicable provisions of law, in each case as currently in effect. This discussion does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to our certificate of incorporation, as amended, and our bylaws, as amended, copies of which are filed with the SEC.

Authorized Capital Stock

As of December 31, 2023, our authorized capital stock consists of (i) 300,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and (ii) 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share. As of December 31, 2023, 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock are designated Series A Convertible Preferred Stock. At December 31, 2023, we had 198,724,868 shares of common stock issued and outstanding and 8,957,500 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock issued and outstanding.

Common Stock

Each share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote, either in person or by proxy, at meetings of shareholders. The holders are not permitted to vote their shares cumulatively. Accordingly, the shareholders of our common stock who hold, in the aggregate, more than fifty percent of the total voting rights can elect all of our directors and, in such event, the holders of the remaining minority shares will not be able to elect any of such directors. The vote of the holders of a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock entitled to vote thereon is sufficient to authorize, affirm, ratify or consent to such act or action, except as otherwise provided by law.

Holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends, if any, as may be declared by the Board of Directors out of funds legally available. We have not paid any dividends on common stock since our inception, and we presently anticipate that all earnings, if any, will be retained for development of our business. Any future disposition of dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon, among other things, our future earnings, operating and financial condition, capital requirements, and other factors. Holders of our common stock have no preemptive rights or other subscription rights, conversion rights, redemption or sinking fund provisions. Upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the holders of our common stock will be entitled to share ratably in the net assets legally available for distribution to shareholders after the payment of all of our debts and other liabilities. There are not any provisions in our certificate of incorporation or our bylaws that would prevent or delay a change in our control.

Preferred Stock

The board of directors shall have the authority to authorize the issuance of the preferred stock from time to time in one or more classes or series, and to state in the resolution or resolutions from time to time adopted providing for the issuance thereof the number of shares or any series, the voting powers, redemption provisions, dividend rights, etc.

The shares of each class or series of the preferred stock may vary from the shares of any other class or series thereof in any respect. The Board of Directors may increase the number of shares of the preferred stock designated for any existing class or series by a resolution adding to such class or series authorized and unissued shares of the preferred stock not designated for any existing class or series of the preferred stock and the shares so subtracted shall become authorized, unissued and undesignated shares of the preferred stock.

Transfer Agent

The transfer agent for our common stock is EQ by Equiniti (formerly known as Corporate Stock Transfer), located at 200 Cherry Creek Drive, Suite 430, Denver, Colorado 80209. The transfer agent’s phone number is ###-###-####. The Company serves as warrant agent for the warrants unless the Company determines to appoint a commercial transfer agent for such securities.

Anti-Takeover Effect of Delaware Law, Our Certificate of Incorporation and Certain By-Law Provisions

Certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation and/or by-laws are intended to strengthen our Board’s position in the event of a hostile takeover attempt. These provisions have the following effects:

We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL, an anti-takeover law. In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a ‘‘business combination’’ with an ‘‘interested stockholder’’ for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner. For purposes of Section 203, a ‘‘business combination’’ includes a merger, asset sale or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder, and an ‘‘interested stockholder’’ is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns, or within three years prior, did own, 15% or more of the voting stock.

Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

As permitted by the provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”), we have the power to indemnify any person made a party to an action, suit or proceeding by reason of the fact that they are or were a director, officer, employee or agent of ours, against expenses, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by them in connection with any such action, suit or proceeding if they acted in good faith and in a manner which they reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, our best interest and, in any criminal action or proceeding, they had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful. Termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, does not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which they reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to our best interests, and, in any criminal action or proceeding, they had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.

We must indemnify a director, officer, employee or agent who is successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any action, suit or proceeding, or in defense of any claim, issue, or matter in the proceeding, to which they are a party because they are or were a director, officer, employee or agent, against expenses actually and reasonably incurred by them in connection with the defense.

We may provide to pay the expenses of officers and directors incurred in defending a civil or criminal action, suit or proceeding as the expenses are incurred and in advance of the final disposition of the action, suit or proceeding, upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director or officer to repay the amount if it is ultimately determined by a court of competent jurisdiction that they are not entitled to be indemnified.

The DGCL also permits a corporation to purchase and maintain liability insurance or make other financial arrangements on behalf of any person who is or was

Such coverage may be for any liability asserted against them and liability and expenses incurred by them in their capacity as a director, officer, employee or agent, or arising out of their status as such, whether or not the corporation has the authority to indemnify them against such liability and expenses.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act, as amended, may be permitted to officers, directors or persons controlling our company pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in such Act and is therefore unenforceable.