Net Asset Value Calculation and Valuation Guidelines
Exhibit 4.3
IPC ALTERNATIVE REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST, INC.
NET ASSET VALUE CALCULATION AND VALUATION GUIDELINES
As used herein, the terms “we,” “us” and “our” mean IPC Alternative Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., the term “Operating Partnership” refers to IPC Alternative Real Estate Operating Partnership, LP, a Delaware limited partnership, together with its consolidated subsidiaries and the term “Advisor” means “IPC Alternative Real Estate Advisor, LLC.”
Our Independent Valuation Advisor
We have engaged SitusAMC Real Estate Valuation Services, LLC (“SitusAMC”) to serve as our independent valuation advisor with respect to providing monthly real property appraisals, reviewing annual third-party appraisals of our properties, and assisting in the development and review of these valuation guidelines. SitusAMC, founded in 1931, is one of the longest serving commercial real estate research, valuation and consulting firms in the nation. SitusAMC is engaged in the business of rendering opinions regarding the value of commercial real estate properties and is not affiliated with us or the Advisor. Our Advisor, with the approval of our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, may engage additional independent valuation advisors in the future as our portfolio grows. While our independent valuation advisor is responsible for preparing and reviewing our property valuations, our independent valuation advisor is not responsible for, and does not calculate, our net asset value (“NAV”). Our Advisor is ultimately responsible for the determination of our NAV.
Our independent valuation advisor may be replaced at any time, in accordance with agreed-upon notice requirements, by a majority vote of our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors. We will promptly disclose any changes to the identity or role of our independent valuation advisor in reports we publicly file with the SEC.
Our independent valuation advisor will discharge its responsibilities in accordance with our valuation guidelines. Our board of directors will not be involved in the monthly valuation of our assets and liabilities, but will periodically receive and review such information about the valuation of our assets and liabilities as it deems necessary to exercise its oversight responsibility. Our NAV per share for each class of shares will be calculated by BDO USA, LLP (“BDO”), and such calculation will be reviewed and confirmed by our Advisor. Pursuant to our valuation services agreement with our independent valuation advisor, our Advisor will receive appraisal reports for our property investments that have been prepared or reviewed by our independent valuation advisor. The appraisals for our property investments will be one of several components that will be used in the calculation of our NAV per share for each class of shares.
Valuation of Investments
Consolidated Properties
For the purposes of calculating our monthly NAV, our investments in real estate will initially be valued at cost, which we expect will represent fair value at that time, subject to any variation pursuant to our valuation guidelines. In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“GAAP”), we determine whether the acquisition of a property qualifies as an asset acquisition or business combination. We capitalize acquisition-related costs associated with asset acquisitions and expense such costs associated with business combinations.
Each property will then be valued by an independent third-party appraisal firm within the first full calendar quarter after acquisition and no less frequently than annually thereafter. Annual appraisals may be delayed for a short period in exceptional circumstances. We seek to schedule the appraisals by third-party appraisal firms evenly throughout the calendar year, such that an approximately equal portion of the real properties in our portfolio are appraised by a third-party appraisal firm each month, although we may have more or fewer appraisals in an individual month. Properties purchased as a portfolio may be valued as a single asset.
Our independent valuation advisor will update the valuations of our properties monthly, based on the then most recent annual third-party appraisals and current material market data and other information deemed relevant.
Although monthly reviews of each of our real property valuations will be performed by our independent valuation advisor, such reviews are based on asset and portfolio level information provided by our Advisor, including historical operating revenues and expenses of the properties, lease agreements on the properties, revenues and expenses of the properties, information regarding recent or planned estimated capital expenditures and any other information relevant to valuing the real estate property, which information will not be independently verified by our independent valuation advisor. Our Advisor will monitor our properties for events that our Advisor believes may be expected to have a material impact on the most recent estimated values of such property, and will notify our independent valuation advisor of such events. If an event or conditions become known to our Advisor (including through communication with our independent valuation advisor) that, in the opinion of our Advisor, is likely to have any material impact on previously provided estimated values of the affected properties, our Advisor will adjust the valuation of such properties, subject to the review and confirmation for reasonableness of our independent valuation advisor. If deemed appropriate by our Advisor or our independent valuation advisor, any necessary adjustment will be determined as soon as practicable. Updated appraisals received during the year, if any, may also trigger an adjustment in the value of a property.
For example, a valuation adjustment may be appropriate to reflect the occurrence of an unexpected property-specific event such as a termination or renewal of a material lease, a material change in vacancies, an unanticipated structural or environmental event at a property or a significant capital market event that may cause the value of a wholly owned property to change materially. Valuation adjustments may also be appropriate to reflect the occurrence of broader market-driven events identified by our Advisor or our independent valuation advisor which may impact more than a specific property. Any such adjustments will be estimates of the market impact of specific events as they occur, based on assumptions and judgments that may or may not prove to be correct, and may also be based on the limited information readily available at that time.
In general, we expect that any adjustments to appraised values will be calculated promptly after a determination that a material change has occurred and the effects of such change on our NAV are quantifiable by our Advisor. However, rapidly changing market conditions or material events may not be immediately reflected in our monthly NAV.
Appraisals, whether annual appraisals by independent third-party appraisal firms or monthly appraisals by our independent valuation advisor, are performed in accordance with the Code of Ethics and the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practices, the real estate appraisal industry standards created by The Appraisal Foundation. Each appraisal must be reviewed, approved and signed by an individual with the professional designation of MAI (Member of the Appraisal Institute) or similar designation. Upon conclusion of the appraisal, the independent valuation advisor or the independent third-party appraisal firm prepares a written report with an estimated gross fair value of the property. Any appraisal provided by an independent third-party appraisal firm will be performed in accordance with our valuation guidelines and will not be considered in the valuation of the applicable property until our independent valuation advisor has confirmed the reasonableness of such appraisal.
We expect to use the discounted cash flow methodology (income approach) as the primary methodology to value properties, whereby a property’s value is calculated by discounting the estimated cash flows and the anticipated terminal value of the subject property by the assumed new buyer’s normalized weighted average cost of capital for the subject property. Consistent with industry practices, the income approach also incorporates subjective judgments regarding comparable rental and operating expense data, capitalization or discount rate, and projections of future rent and expenses based on appropriate evidence as well as the residual value of the asset as components in determining value. Other methodologies that may also be used to value properties include sales comparisons and replacement cost approaches. Under the sales comparison approach, the independent third-party appraiser develops an opinion of value by comparing the subject property to similar, recently sold properties in the surrounding or competing area. The replacement cost approach relies on the principle of substitution, which holds that when a property is replaceable in the market, its value tends to be set at the cost of acquiring an equally desirable substitute property, assuming that no costly delay is encountered in making the substitution. Because the appraisals performed involve subjective judgments, the estimated fair value of our assets that will be included in our NAV may not reflect the liquidation value or net realizable value of our properties.
In conducting their investigations and analyses, our independent valuation advisor and other independent third-party appraisal firms will take into account customary and accepted financial and commercial procedures and
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considerations as they deem relevant, which may include, without limitation, the review of documents, materials and information relevant to valuing the property that are provided by the Advisor, such as (i) historical operating revenues and expenses of the property; (ii) lease agreements on the property; (iii) the revenues and expenses of the property; (iv) information regarding recent or planned estimated capital expenditures; and (v) any other information relevant to valuing the real estate property. Although our independent valuation advisor may review information supplied or otherwise made available by the Advisor for reasonableness, it will assume and rely upon the accuracy and completeness of all such information and of all information supplied or otherwise made available to it by any other party, and will not undertake any duty or responsibility to verify independently any of such information. Our independent valuation advisor will not make or obtain an independent valuation or appraisal of any of our other assets or liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than our real properties. With respect to operating or financial forecasts and other information and data to be provided to or otherwise to be reviewed by or discussed with our independent valuation advisor, our independent valuation advisor will assume that such forecasts and other information and data were reasonably prepared in good faith on bases reflecting currently available estimates and judgments of our management and our Advisor, and will rely upon our Advisor to advise our independent valuation advisor promptly if any material information previously provided becomes inaccurate or was required to be updated during the period of review.
In performing their analyses, our independent valuation advisor and other independent third-party appraisal firms will make numerous other assumptions with respect to industry performance, general business, economic and regulatory conditions and other matters, many of which are beyond their control and our control, as well as certain factual matters. For example, our independent valuation advisor and other independent third-party appraisal firms will assume that we have clear and marketable title to each real estate property valued, that no title defects exist unless specifically informed to the contrary, that improvements were made in accordance with law, that no hazardous materials are present or were present previously, that no deed restrictions exist, and that no changes to zoning ordinances or regulations governing use, density or shape are pending or being considered. Furthermore, our independent valuation advisor’s review, opinions and conclusions will necessarily be based upon market, economic, financial and other circumstances and conditions existing prior to the valuation, and any material change in such circumstances and conditions may affect our independent valuation advisor’s review and conclusions. Our independent valuation advisor’s review reports may contain other assumptions, qualifications and limitations set forth in the respective appraisal reports that qualify the review, opinions and conclusions set forth therein. As such, the carrying values of our real properties may not reflect the price at which the properties could be sold in the market, and the difference between carrying values and the ultimate sales prices could be material. In addition, accurate valuations are more difficult to obtain in times of low transaction volume because there are fewer market transactions that can be considered in the context of the appraisal.
Pursuant to our valuation services agreement with our independent valuation advisor, each individual appraisal report for our assets will be addressed solely to us to assist our Advisor in calculating our NAV. The appraisal reports relating to our properties will not be addressed to the public and may not be relied upon by any other person to establish an estimated value of our common stock and will not constitute a recommendation to any person to purchase or sell any shares of our common stock. In preparing appraisal reports, independent third-party appraisal firms will not, and will not be requested to, solicit third-party indications of interest for our common stock or any of our properties in connection with possible purchases thereof or the acquisition of all or any part of us.
Real estate appraisals will be reported on a free and clear basis (for example, without taking into consideration any mortgage on the property), irrespective of any property level financing that may be in place. Our Advisor’s valuation of each investment’s liabilities, including any third-party incentive fee payments or investment level debt, deal terms and structure will not be reviewed by our independent valuation advisor or appraised. BDO will then incorporate such adjusted valuations into our NAV, which will then be reviewed and confirmed by our Advisor.
Unconsolidated Properties Held Through Joint Ventures
Unconsolidated properties held through joint ventures generally will be valued in a manner that is consistent with the guidelines described above for consolidated properties. Once the value of a property held by the joint venture is determined by an independent appraisal and we determine the fair value of any other assets and liabilities of the joint venture, the value of our interest in the joint venture would then be determined by our Advisor using a hypothetical liquidation calculation to value our interest in the joint venture, which would be a percentage of the joint venture’s
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NAV. Unconsolidated properties held in a joint venture that acquires multiple properties over time may be valued as a single investment.
Valuation of Real Estate Debt and Other Securities
In general, the fair value of real estate debt and other securities will be determined by our Advisor based on market quotations or utilizing unobservable inputs in accordance with ASC 820 . GAAP defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or be paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
Readily available market quotations
Market quotations may be obtained from third-party pricing service providers or, if not available from third-party pricing service providers, broker-dealers for certain of our real estate debt and other securities. When reliable market quotations for real estate debt and other securities are available from multiple sources, our Advisor will use commercially reasonable efforts to use two or more quotations and will value such investments based on the average of the quotations obtained. However, to the extent that one or more of the quotations received is determined in good faith by our Advisor to not be reliable, our Advisor may disregard such quotation if the average of the remaining quotations is determined in good faith to be reliable by our Advisor. Securities that are traded publicly on an exchange or other public market (stocks, exchange traded derivatives and securities convertible into publicly-traded securities, such as warrants) will be valued at the closing price of such securities in the principal market in which the security trades.
No readily available market quotations
If market quotations are not readily available (or are otherwise not reliable for a particular investment), the fair value will be determined in good faith by our Advisor. Due to the inherent uncertainty of these estimates, estimates of fair value may differ from the values that would have been used had a ready market for these investments existed and the differences could be material. Market quotes are considered not readily available in circumstances where there is an absence of current or reliable market-based data (e.g., trade information, bid/ask information, or broker-dealer quotations).
Certain investments, such as mortgages, mezzanine loans, preferred equity or private company investments, are unlikely to have market quotations.
The initial value of preferred equity and private company investments will generally be the acquisition price of such investment. Each such investment will then be valued by our Advisor within the first three full months after we make such investment and no less frequently than quarterly thereafter. Our Advisor may utilize generally accepted valuation methodologies, which may include, but are not limited to, the market approach, cost approach and income approach, to value such preferred equity or private company investments. These methodologies generally include inputs such as the multiples of comparable companies, the value and performance of underlying assets, select financial statement metrics, the stock price of the investment, volatility, strike price, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield and expected term, as applicable. For each month that our Advisor does not perform a valuation of such investments, it will review such investment to confirm that there have been no significant events that would cause a material change in value of such investment.
In the case of loans acquired by us, such initial value will generally be the acquisition price of such loan. In the case of loans originated by us, such initial value will generally be the par value of such loan. Each such investment will then be valued by our Advisor within the first three full months after we make such investment and no less frequently than quarterly thereafter in accordance with the procedures set forth in the immediately following paragraph.
To conduct its initial quarterly valuation and subsequent quarterly revaluations of such loan investments, our Advisor will initially determine if there is adequate collateral real estate value supporting such investments and whether the investment’s yield approximates market yield. If the market yield is estimated to approximate the investment’s yield, then such investment is valued at its par value. If the market yield is not estimated to
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approximate the investment’s yield, our Advisor will project the expected cash flows of the investment based on its contractual terms and discount such cash flows back to the valuation date based on an estimated market yield. Market yield is estimated as of each quarterly valuation date based on a variety of inputs regarding the collateral asset(s) performance, local/macro real estate performance, and capital market conditions, in each case as determined in good faith by our Advisor. These factors may include, but are not limited to: purchase price/par value of such real estate debt or other difficult to value securities; debt yield, capitalization rates, loan-to-value ratio, and replacement cost of the collateral asset(s); borrower financial condition, reputation, and indications of intent (e.g., pending repayments, extensions, defaults, etc.); and known transactions or other price discovery for comparable debt investments. In the absence of collateral real estate value supporting such securities, our Advisor will consider the residual value to its securities, following repayment of any senior debt or other obligations of the collateral asset(s). For each month that our Advisor does not perform a valuation of such investments, it will review such investment to confirm that there have been no significant events that would cause a material change in value of such investment.
Our board of directors has delegated to our Advisor the responsibility for monitoring significant events that may materially affect the values of our real estate debt and other securities investments and for determining whether the value of the applicable investments should be re-evaluated in light of such significant events. Except as otherwise provided in our valuation guidelines, the valuation of our real estate debt and other securities will not be reviewed by our independent valuation advisor or appraised.
Liabilities
We will generally include the fair value of our liabilities as part of our NAV calculation. We expect that these liabilities will include the fees payable to our Advisor and the Inland Securities Corporation (“Dealer Manager”), any accrued performance participation allocation to the Special Limited Partner, accounts payable, accrued operating expenses, property-level mortgages, any portfolio-level credit facilities and other liabilities. All liabilities will be valued using widely accepted methodologies specific to each type of liability. Liabilities related to distribution fees will be allocable to a specific class of shares and will only be included in the NAV calculation for that class as described below. Our debt will typically be valued at fair value determined in accordance with ASC Topic 820. Property-level mortgages will be valued monthly by a third-party valuation firm. If we incur other material debt liabilities, we expect that the board of directors would approve a third-party valuation firm to value those on a monthly basis as well.
Under applicable GAAP, we record liabilities for distribution fees (i) that we currently owe the Dealer Manager under the terms of our dealer manager agreement and (ii) for an estimate that we may pay to our Dealer Manager in future periods. However, in keeping with standard industry practice, we do not deduct the liability for estimated future distribution fees in our calculation of NAV, which may not become payable under certain circumstances such as in the event of our liquidation.
NAY and NAY Per Share Calculation
Our NAV per share will be calculated by BDO as of the last calendar day of each month and is available generally within 15 calendar days after the end of each applicable month. Our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, may replace BDO with another party, including our Advisor, if it is deemed appropriate to do so. Our Advisor is responsible for reviewing and confirming our NAV, and overseeing the process around the calculation of our NAV.
Each month, before taking into consideration accrued dividends or other class-specific accruals, any change in the aggregate NAV (the “Aggregate Fund NAV”) of our outstanding shares of each class of common stock, along with the Operating Partnership units held by third parties, will be allocated among each class of common stock and Operating Partnership unit based on each such class’s relative percentage of the previous Aggregate Fund NAV. Changes in our monthly Aggregate Fund NAV include, without limitation, accruals of our net portfolio income, interest expense, unrealized/realized gains and losses on assets, any applicable organization and offering costs and any expense reimbursements. Changes in our monthly Aggregate Fund NAV also include material non-recurring events, such as capital expenditures and material property acquisitions and dispositions occurring during the month. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Advisor may in its discretion consider material market data and other information that becomes available after the end of the applicable month in valuing our assets and liabilities and calculating our NAV for a particular month. On an ongoing basis, the Advisor will adjust the accruals to reflect
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actual operating results and the outstanding receivable, payable and other account balances resulting from the accumulation of monthly accruals for which financial information is available.
Following the allocation of the changes in our Aggregate Fund NAV as described above, NAV for each class is adjusted for class-specific accruals for distributions, ongoing distribution fees, management fees and the performance participation allocation, to determine the monthly NAV for each class. These accruals are made on a class-specific basis and borne by all holders of the applicable class. These class-specific accruals may differ for each class, even when the NAV per share of each class is the same. We normally expect that the accrual of ongoing distribution fees on a class-specific basis will result in different amounts of distributions being paid with respect to certain classes of shares. In other words, the per share amount of distributions on Class T, Class S and Class D shares generally differs from other classes of shares because of class-specific distribution fees that are deducted from the gross distributions of Class T, Class S and Class D shares. Specifically, we expect net distributions on Class T and Class S shares will be lower than Class D shares and net distributions on Class D shares will be lower than Class I. However, if no distributions are authorized for a certain period, or if they are authorized in an amount less than the class-specific accruals of distribution fees with respect to such period, then pursuant to our valuation guidelines, the class-specific accruals of distribution fees may lower the NAV per share of a share class. When the NAV per share of our classes are different, then changes to our assets and liabilities that are allocable based on NAV are also be different for each class. We may from time to time issue stock dividends on a class-specific basis to adjust the NAV per share of such class. Because the purchase price of shares in the primary offering is equal to the transaction price, which generally equals the most recently disclosed monthly NAV per share, plus the upfront selling commissions and placement fees, which are effectively paid by purchasers of shares at the time of purchase, the upfront selling commissions and placement fees have no effect on the NAV of any class.
Following the allocation of the changes in our Aggregate Fund NAV as described above, NAV for each class is adjusted for class-specific accruals to determine the monthly NAV for each class. These accruals are made on a class-specific basis and borne by all holders of the applicable class. These class-specific accruals may differ for each class, even when the NAV per share of each class is the same. When the NAV per share of our classes are different, then changes to our assets and liabilities that are allocable based on NAV are also be different for each class.
NAV per share for each class is calculated by dividing such class’s NAV at the end of each month by the number of shares outstanding for that class at the end of such month.
Our valuation guidelines include the following methodology to determine the monthly NAV of our Operating Partnership and the Operating Partnership units. Our Operating Partnership has certain classes of units that are each economically equivalent to our corresponding classes of outstanding shares. Accordingly, on the last day of each month, for such classes of units, the NAV per unit equals the NAV per share of the corresponding class. To the extent our Operating Partnership has classes of units that do not correspond to a class of our outstanding shares, such units will be valued in a manner consistent with these guidelines. For example, the different management fee applicable to our Class A OP Units is a class-specific expense that will be allocated to the Class A OP Units specifically. The NAV of our Operating Partnership on the last day of each month equals the sum of the NAVs of each outstanding Operating Partnership unit on such day.
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