Strategic Collaboration, Option and License Agreement Between Akcea Therapeutics, Inc. And Novartis Pharma AG

Overview. The intent of the (A) pre-Option Exercise Collaboration is (i) for Akcea to develop AKCEA-APO(a)-L_Rx and AKCEA-APOCIII-L_Rx through the completion of a Phase 2 Dose-Ranging Trial, (ii) for Akcea to provide Novartis with API in quantities sufficient for Novartis to conduct the Pre-Option Novartis Activities prior to Option exercise, (iii) for Novartis to initiate, prior to Option exercise, a manufacturing plan to manufacture AKCEA-APO(a)-L_Rx and AKCEA-APOCIII-L_Rx to supply the Phase 3 Cardiovascular Outcomes Trial (or “CVOT”) for each Product, which CVOT Novartis will conduct following Option exercise for each such Product, and (iv) to provide Novartis an exclusive option to obtain an exclusive license to develop, manufacture and commercialize AKCEA-APO(a)-L_Rx and AKCEA-APOCIII-L_Rx, which options are exercisable after the End of Phase 2b Meeting for each of AKCEA-APO(a)-L_Rx and AKCEA-APOCIII-L_Rx, and (B) following Novartis’ exercise of its Option for a Product (y) for Novartis to develop, manufacture and commercialize such Product globally in accordance with this Agreement, and (z) to provide Akcea the right to Co-Commercialize in selected markets such Product licensed to Novartis on terms and conditions to be agreed upon between the Parties. Prior to Option Exercise, the Collaboration will be conducted under the Pre-Option Development Plan and managed and overseen by the Collaboration Steering Committee (CSC). The purpose of this Section 1.1 is to provide a high-level overview of the roles, responsibilities, rights and obligations of each Party under this Agreement with regard to AKCEA-APO(a)-L_Rx and AKCEA-APOCIII-L_Rx. This Section 1.1 is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed provisions of this Agreement set forth below.

AKCEA-APO(a)-L_Rx and AKCEA-APOCIII-L_Rx Pre-Option Responsibilities. Akcea will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to develop each of AKCEA-APO(a)-L_Rx and AKCEA-APOCIII-L_Rx through the completion of a Phase 2 Dose-Ranging Trial in accordance with the Pre-Option Development Plan attached hereto as Appendix 2. Subject to Section 2.1.3(a), any material changes to the Pre-Option Development Plan must be mutually agreed to by the CSC.

Akcea’s Activities Prior to Option Exercise on a Product-by-Product Basis. On a Product-by-Product basis, Akcea shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to (i) conduct the Akcea Activities under the Pre-Option Development Plan for such Product in accordance with the timelines specified therein and (ii) complete the other activities Akcea agreed to conduct under this ARTICLE 1, until the earlier of the date (x) Novartis exercises the applicable Option for such Product under this Agreement; provided, however, if Novartis exercises its Option before Akcea completes the Akcea Activities, Akcea will complete such remaining uncompleted Akcea Activities, (y) the Option Period has expired with respect to such Product, or (z) the Parties mutually agree that, for scientific, medical or other reasons, continuing to conduct the Akcea Activities under the Pre-Option Development Plan for such Product is futile. Without limiting the foregoing, Akcea may discontinue an activity under the Pre-Option Development Plan if after having consulted, and having given good faith consideration to the recommendations of the CSC, Akcea in good faith believes that continuing such activity would (A) pose an unacceptable risk or threat of harm in humans, or (B) violate any Applicable Law, ethical principles, or principles of scientific integrity. If there are additional activities Novartis wishes Akcea to conduct under the Pre-Option Development Plan, the Parties will discuss and mutually agree on any such additional activities through the CSC, and Akcea will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to conduct such agreed activities under the Pre-Option Development Plan (and such plan will be updated accordingly).

Novartis’ Activities prior to Option Exercise on a Product-by-Product Basis. Prior to the Option Exercise, Novartis shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to conduct at risk the Pre-Option Novartis Activities attached hereto as Schedule 1.3.2 so as to enable timely initiation of the CVOT for AKCEA-APO(a)-L_Rx and AKCEA-APOCIII-L_Rx upon exercise by Novartis of the Option for such Product.

Delivery of the Draft Study Report and Final Study Report. On a Product-by-Product basis, no later than [***] months before the anticipated Completion of the Phase 2 Dose-Ranging Trial, the Parties shall define and agree on the format and substantive content of the Draft Study Report and the Final Study Report in accordance with the ICH E3 industry guidelines for Structure and Content of Clinical Study Report. Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is understood and agreed that the Draft Study Report will include all [***], as well as all [***], [***] and [***] and any information related thereto, [***] and [***] generated from the [***] in sufficient detail so as to reasonably demonstrate whether [***] has been achieved in accordance with [***] and whether any [***] further development of a Product.

Delivery of the Phase 2 Dose-Ranging Trial Information Package. As promptly as practicable following Completion of the Phase 2 Dose-Ranging Trial for a Product (but no later than [***] calendar days following Completion of such study), Akcea will deliver to Novartis the Phase 2 Dose-Ranging Trial Information Package. During the period beginning on the date Novartis receives such Phase 2 Dose-Ranging Trial Information Package until the Option Deadline (which period will in no event be less than [***] calendar days from the date Novartis receives such Phase 2 Dose-Ranging Trial Information Package), Novartis shall have the right to request from Akcea such additional information relating to the Phase 2 Dose-Ranging Trial then in the possession of or readily available to Akcea as Novartis may reasonably require in order to make a scientific, legal, regulatory and business evaluation of the Development and Commercialization potential of the applicable Product, and Akcea shall promptly (but no later than [***] calendar days after Akcea’s receipt of such request) provide or make available to Novartis any such additional information.

End of Phase 2b Meeting. Prior to, but no later than [***] months before the anticipated Completion of the Phase 2 Dose-Ranging Trial for a Product, in preparation for the End of Phase 2b Meeting, Novartis will deliver to Akcea drafts of all documents Novartis reasonably determines are necessary for the End of Phase 2b Meeting, including, at a minimum, a draft [***] for the CVOT and the Cardiovascular Risk Reduction (or “CVRR”) Indication Novartis will pursue for such Product, draft [***] and [***]. The Parties will update such draft documents after the primary endpoint and key safety data generated based on the database lock under the statistical analysis plan for such study are available and, within [***] ([***]) calendar days after Completion of the Phase 2 Dose-Ranging Trial for such Product, will promptly convene a special meeting of the CSC for the CSC to mutually agree on the final contents of all such documents prior to Akcea requesting an End of Phase 2b Meeting. If the CSC cannot agree on final versions of such documents within such [***] ([***]) calendar day period, then (i) [***] will have the final decision-making authority regarding the final contents of all such documents to the extent such contents relate to [***] or its Affiliate’s[***], or any information pertaining to[***] or its Affiliate’s other [***] (collectively, “[***] Information”), and (ii) [***] will have the final decision-making authority regarding the final contents of all such documents to the extent such contents do not relate to [***] Information, and each Party will make such final decisions within [***] calendar days. Once such documents are finalized, Akcea will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to schedule and conduct an End of Phase 2b Meeting. Akcea will invite Novartis to participate in any key internal Akcea meetings Akcea holds to prepare and discuss strategy for the first End of Phase 2b Meeting for such Product. The Parties will mutually agree on a plan and strategy (including key messages) for the conduct of the End of Phase 2b Meeting that reflects Akcea’s role as IND-holder for such Product and facilitates Novartis’ active participation as the Party potentially responsible for conducting the CVOT and IND and MAA/NDA-Holder in the event of Option exercise. Akcea will invite Novartis representatives to attend the End of Phase 2b Meeting and such representatives will participate in such meeting under the direction of Akcea.

Other Regulatory Interactions before Option Exercise. Any interactions Akcea has or plans to have with a Regulatory Authority for a Product before Option Exercise (other than the End of Phase 2b Meeting under Section 1.2.5), including any meetings, correspondence and submissions, shall be the sole responsibility of Akcea. Subject to Section 2.1.3(a), Akcea shall present to the CSC for the CSC’s review and comment, Akcea’s material planned interactions and material submissions to Regulatory Authorities in Major Markets in accordance with the principles set forth in ARTICLE 2.

Disclosure of Results. Akcea will promptly disclose to Novartis through the CSC the results of all work performed by Akcea under the Pre-Option Development Plan (including activities under Schedule 1.3.2) in a reasonable manner as such results are obtained. Akcea will provide reports and analyses at each CSC meeting detailing the current status of each Product under the Pre-Option Development Plan together with a summary of the data generated by Akcea under such plan. Furthermore, during the Option Period, Akcea shall promptly notify Novartis of, and promptly provide to Novartis, all data and/or information in the possession of or readily available to Akcea relating to a Product that Akcea generates before the end of the Option Period that would be relevant for Novartis’ decision concerning the exercise of the Option, as well as any such data and information specifically requested by Novartis during the Option Period.

Manufacturing and Supply.

Manufacturing and Supply during the Option Period.

Akcea Activities. [***], Akcea is responsible for supplying API sufficient to support the (i) [***], (ii) the [***] and [***], and (iii) the [***] activities for each Product, in each case as set forth in the Pre-Option Development Plan.

Pre-Option Novartis Activities. In support of the Pre-Option Novartis Activities, [***], Akcea will supply or cause to be supplied to Novartis during the Option Period, API in the quantities, at the [***], and on such other terms and conditions as set forth on Schedule 1.3.1. In addition, at Novartis’ reasonable written request [***] calendar days in advance of [***], Akcea shall [***] to allow Novartis to conduct, [***], an audit of Akcea’s or its Affiliates’ (including CMO) manufacturing facility where such API was made, [***] for Novartis to complete its vendor qualification activities for such API.

Product Manufacturing Transition Strategy.

Manufacturing Transition Strategy, Plan and Activities. Within [***] days from the Effective Date, the Parties will discuss and mutually agree through the CSC, on an initial manufacturing technology transition strategy to transition API and Finished Drug Product Manufacturing for AKCEA-APO(a)-L_Rx and AKCEA-APOCIII-L_Rx to [***] as the case may be.

Within [***] calendar days from the Effective Date, Akcea shall deliver the first quantity of API in accordance with Schedule 1.3.1.

Prior to Option Exercise, through the CSC, the Parties will agree on a final manufacturing technology transition plan, and, upon Novartis’ notification to Akcea (such notice, the “Manufacturing Tech Transfer Notice”) that Novartis is ready to commence the manufacturing technology transfer under such plan, Akcea will, at a mutually agreed date and time as soon as practicable after such notice, transfer [***] the Akcea Manufacturing and Analytical Know-How necessary to manufacture API and Finished Drug Product Manufacturing for AKCEA-APO(a)-LRx and AKCEA-APOCIII-LRx, including relevant analytical methods, API batch records and the CMC sections of the IND for each Product.

Novartis’ CMO Agreements. In furtherance of such plan, the Parties agree that Novartis may enter into contractual arrangements (each, a “CMO Agreement”) with one or more CMOs to manufacture clinical supplies for Phase 3 Trials and commercial supply of API and Finished Drug Product. Novartis will [***] executing such CMO Agreement. Novartis will have final decision-making authority with regard to the [***] and the [***]. In any such CMO Agreement, Novartis shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to include the [***] if this Agreement terminates with respect to a given Product or the Option for a given Product terminates or expires unexercised.

Manufacturing License Grant to Novartis during the Option Period. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Akcea hereby grants Novartis, a worldwide, non-exclusive, sublicensable (but only by Novartis to a Novartis Affiliate or a CMO), royalty-free license under the Licensed Technology solely to conduct during the Option Period the manufacturing and manufacturing transition activities contemplated by this Section 1.3.2 to manufacture API and Finished Drug Product for AKCEA-APO(a)-L_Rx and AKCEA-APOCIII-L_Rx.

Manufacturing Transition Activities Costs. Akcea’s technology transfer activities under this Section 1.3.2 will be [***] until the [***] calendar day after the date Akcea initiates the manufacturing technology transfer. Thereafter, any technology transfer activities Akcea agrees to conduct will be under a mutually agreed scope of work (such agreement not to be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned) and, after the [***] under such scope of work, [***] for any such technology transfer activities conducted by Akcea and its Affiliates.

After Option Exercise.

Within [***] calendar days after Option Exercise for a Product, Akcea will provide Novartis with an inventory of any API, Finished Drug Product and packaged Clinical Study material for such Product in Akcea’s possession (together with the price Akcea was charged by Ionis ([***] for such material). If, within [***] calendar days after Novartis’ receipt of such inventory list, Novartis delivers a written request to Akcea to purchase any such material, then Akcea will sell such material to Novartis [***] ([***]) for such material calculated [***]. Promptly after Akcea receives such order from Novartis, Akcea will ship such material to Novartis and Novartis will pay Akcea within [***] ([***]) calendar days after Novartis’ receipt of such material.

If requested by Novartis and mutually agreed by Akcea (such agreement not to be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned), after Option Exercise, Akcea shall continue to provide the manufacturing transition assistance with respect to any activities contemplated by Section 1.3.2 that were not completed during the Option Period. Novartis will compensate Akcea in accordance with Section 7.10 for Akcea’s and its Affiliates’ activities conducted under this Section 1.3.3(b).

If, after Option Exercise, Novartis notifies Akcea that Novartis wishes to acquire additional API, the Parties will discuss in good faith and endeavor to mutually agree through the JDCC on the quantity and timelines for the supply of any such additional API on terms and conditions as set forth in Schedule 1.3.1.  If required, the Parties shall negotiate in good faith the terms and conditions of a Supply and Quality Agreement.

Development Management.

Collaboration Steering Committee during the Option Period. The Parties will establish a Collaboration Steering Committee (“CSC”) initially comprising the individuals from each Party as set forth on Schedule 2.1.1 with the powers, roles and responsibilities set forth in this Section 2.1.1 to provide strategic oversight for the Collaboration during the Option Period. The CSC will consist of three representatives appointed by Akcea and three representatives appointed by Novartis (which may include representative(s) from each Party’s Affiliates), and each CSC member will be a senior executive of such Party (or its Affiliate). The CSC will be chaired by Akcea. The CSC will determine the CSC operating procedures at its first meeting, including the CSC’s policies for replacing CSC members, policies for participation by additional representatives or consultants invited to attend CSC meetings, and the location of meetings, which will be codified in the written minutes of the first CSC meeting. Each Party will be responsible for the costs and expenses of its own employees or consultants attending CSC meetings.

Role of the CSC. Without limiting any of the foregoing, subject to Section 2.1.3, the CSC will perform the following functions, some or all of which may be addressed directly at any given CSC meeting:

approve material amendments to the Pre-Option Development Plan, including approving any additional costs associated with any approved changes to the Akcea Activities;

review the Phase 2 Dose-Ranging Trial protocol;

discuss any additional activities Novartis wishes Akcea to conduct under the Pre-Option Development Plan as contemplated by Section 1.2.1;

mutually agree on the final contents of all documents for the End of Phase 2b Meeting as contemplated by Section 1.2.5;

review Akcea’s material planned interactions and material submissions to Regulatory Authorities in Major Markets as contemplated by Section 1.2.6;

review reports and analyses provided by Akcea detailing the current status of each Product under the Pre-Option Development Plan (including any summary of the data generated by Akcea under such plan) as contemplated by Section 1.2.7;

review updates provided by Novartis on the Pre-Option Novartis Activities (including a summary of relevant  data or other information generated by Novartis from conducting such activities) as contemplated by Section 1.2.7;

discuss and mutually agree on a manufacturing technology transition strategy to transition API and Finished Drug Product Manufacturing for AKCEA-APO(a)-L_Rx and AKCEA-APOCIII-L_Rx to Novartis’ own manufacturing site or to Third Party CMOs as the case may be, as contemplated by Section 1.3.2;

review progress updates of the Parties’ activities under such manufacturing technology transfer plan as contemplated by Section 1.3.2(b);

assist with and participate in the resolution of pre-Option Exercise disputes that may arise during the Option Period; and

such other review and advisory responsibilities as may be assigned to the CSC by the Parties pursuant to this Agreement.

Obligation to Participate in the CSC. Akcea’s obligation to participate in the CSC will terminate upon Novartis’ exercise (or expiration) of the Option for the last Product.

Joint Development and Commercialization Committee After Option Exercise. Within [***] ([***]) calendar days after the first Option Exercise for a Product, the Parties will establish a joint development and commercialization committee (“JDCC”) to supervise the activities under the Strategic Plan related to such Product. The JDCC will consist of three representatives appointed by Akcea and three representatives appointed by Novartis (which may include representative(s) from each Party’s Affiliates). Each JDCC member will be a senior clinical development or commercial leader, and at least one of each Party’s members will have operational responsibility for such Party’s respective activities under the Strategic Plan. The JDCC shall be chaired by Novartis. The chair will be responsible for overseeing the activities of the JDCC consistent with the responsibilities set forth below in this Section 2.1.2. The JDCC will determine its operating procedures at its first meeting, including the JDCC’s policies for replacement of JDCC members, policies for participation by additional representatives or consultants invited to attend JDCC meetings, and the location of meetings, which will be codified in the written minutes of the first JDCC meeting. Each Party will be responsible for the costs and expenses of its own employees or consultants attending JDCC meetings.

Role of the JDCC. Without limiting any of the foregoing, subject to Section 2.1.3, the JDCC will perform the following functions, some or all of which may be addressed directly at any given JDCC meeting:

Supervise the activities under the Strategic Plan, including reviewing updates to the key elements of the planning and strategy to support Development, Manufacturing, Regulatory Approvals and Commercialization;

establish teams, committees and working groups to oversee and manage activities under the Strategic Plan;

receive updates from Novartis regarding any CMO Agreements and strategic sublicenses granted by Novartis to Third Parties in Major Markets as contemplated by Section 5.2.1;

if regulatory or Development issues arise that are outside of Novartis’ reasonable control that impede achievement of any Specific Performance Milestone Event on the stated timeline, discuss in good faith and revise the date by which the applicable Specific Performance Milestone Event will be or can be achieved as contemplated by Section 6.4.2;

assisting with and participating in the resolution of disputes as contemplated in Section 13.1; and

such other review and advisory responsibilities as may be assigned to the JDCC by the Parties pursuant to this Agreement.

Decision Making.

CSC Decision Making – During the Option Period. Each Party will give due consideration to, and consider in good faith, the recommendations and advice of the CSC regarding the conduct of the Akcea Activities and the Pre-Option Novartis Activities. The CSC will endeavor to reach consensus on all decisions to be made by the CSC, however, if the CSC cannot unanimously agree on a matter to be decided by the CSC then (i) Akcea will have the final decision-making authority regarding the [***] and (ii) Novartis will have the final decision-making authority regarding the [***] and the [***]; provided, however, that such decision-making authority does not permit Novartis to [***].

JDCC Decision Making – After Option Exercise. Each Party will give due consideration to, and consider in good faith, the recommendations and advice of the JDCC regarding any matters to be considered by the JDCC. The JDCC will endeavor to reach consensus on all decisions to be made by the JDCC, however, if the JDCC cannot unanimously agree on a matter to be decided by the JDCC then Novartis will have the final decision-making authority regarding any such decisions to be made by the JDCC; provided, however, that such decision-making authority does not permit Novartis to [***].

Obligation to Participate in the JDCC. Akcea’s obligation to participate in the JDCC will terminate upon Novartis’ exercise (or expiration) of the Option for the last Product. Thereafter, Akcea will have the right, but not the obligation, to participate on the JDCC upon Akcea’s request provided that, if requested in writing by Novartis, Akcea shall not unreasonably refuse to participate in JDCC meeting(s).

Alliance Managers. Each Party shall appoint a representative to act as its alliance manager under this Agreement (each, an “Alliance Manager”). Each Alliance Manager will be responsible for supporting the CSC and the JDCC, and performing the activities listed in Schedule 2.2.

Collaboration Costs.

Novartis and Akcea will [***] the costs associated with the [***] and [***] under the Pre-Option Development Plan, which [***] Akcea estimates will cost US$[***] for [***].  Novartis will pay Akcea US$[***] for such [***] and [***] as follows:

US$[***] payment upon [***] for the [***] and [***] (expected in [***] but no earlier than the [***]);

US$[***] payment upon the [***] in each of the [***] and [***] (expected in [***]); and

US$[***] payment upon the later of (x) [***] and [***], and (y) [***],

Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, Akcea will be responsible for all costs associated with the Akcea Activities under the Pre-Option Development Plan and the activities Akcea agrees to conduct under ARTICLE 1, and Novartis will be responsible for all costs associated with any Pre-Option Novartis Activities and the activities Novartis agreed to conduct under ARTICLE 1.

If a Regulatory Authority requires any changes to the Akcea Activities during the Option Period, then the Parties will discuss such changes in good faith through the CSC. If the CSC cannot mutually agree on whether to implement such a change to the Akcea Activities, then Akcea will have the final decision-making authority regarding [***] and each Party will only be responsible for paying the additional cost of such changes to the extent [***]. If Novartis requests any changes to the Akcea Activities that are not required by a Regulatory Authority and Akcea agrees (through the CSC) to implement such changes, then Novartis will pay Akcea for the additional cost in accordance with Section 7.10 and Akcea and Novartis will update Appendix 2 with any such revised activities.

Option Grants. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, on a Product-by-Product basis, Akcea hereby grants to Novartis an exclusive option to obtain the license set forth in Section 5.1.1 or Section 5.1.2 (as applicable) with respect to such Product (each, an “Option”).

Option Fee. In consideration of the Options granted to Novartis hereunder, Novartis shall pay to Akcea upon execution by the Parties of this Agreement a one-time payment of seventy-five million dollars (US$75,000,000) (the “Upfront Option Fee”). Such payment shall be payable within [***] ([***]) Business Days after receipt by Novartis of an original invoice from Akcea for such amount and in the form attached hereto as Exhibit X, which original invoice shall be issued no earlier than the Effective Date.

Option Exercise.

Subject to Section 3.4 below, on a Product-by-Product basis, each Option for a Product will be exercisable by Novartis at its sole discretion on or before (each an “Option Deadline”) 5:00 pm (Eastern Time) on the 60^th calendar day after the later of:

Novartis’ receipt of the Phase 2 Dose-Ranging Trial Data Package for such Product; and

the End of Phase 2b Meeting for such Product.

If, by the Option Deadline, Novartis (i) notifies Akcea in writing that it wishes to exercise the applicable Option, and (ii) undertakes to pay Akcea the license fee set forth in Section 7.1 or Section 7.2 (as applicable), Akcea will grant to Novartis the license as set forth in Section 5.1.1 or Section 5.1.2 (as applicable) (on a Product-by-Product basis, an “Option Exercise”). Such payment set forth in Section 7.1 or Section 7.2 (as applicable) is due within [***] ([***]) Business Days after receipt by Novartis of an original invoice from Akcea for such amount and in the form attached hereto as Exhibit X, which invoice shall be issued no earlier than the date on which Novartis notifies Akcea in writing that it wishes to exercise the applicable Option. If, by the Option Deadline, Novartis has not both (y) provided Akcea a written notice stating that Novartis is exercising its Option, and (z) undertaken to pay Akcea the license fee in accordance with Section 7.1 or Section 7.2 (as applicable), then (A) Novartis’ Option for the applicable Product will expire, (B) Novartis will promptly deliver to Akcea all data, results and information (including Novartis’ Confidential Information for as long as pertaining to the Product and any regulatory documentation (including drafts)) related to the Pre-Option Novartis Activities for such Product in the possession of Novartis and its contractors, and (C) this Agreement will be deemed terminated under Section 11.2.1 with respect to such Product and the provisions of Section 11.3 will apply.

HSR Filing. If Novartis notifies Akcea within [***] ([***]) calendar days following the applicable End of Phase 2b Meeting for the Product that an HSR Filing is required for Novartis to receive the license under Section 5.1.1 or Section 5.1.2 (as applicable), each of Novartis and Akcea will, within [***] ([***]) calendar days after such notice from Novartis (or such later time as may be agreed to in writing by the Parties), file with the United States Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) and the Antitrust Division of the United States Department of Justice (“DOJ”), any HSR Filing required with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby, Novartis shall not exercise any Option under Section 3.3 until any applicable waiting period (and any extension thereof) under the HSR Act shall have expired or been terminated and the Option Deadline shall expire no sooner than [***] ([***]) calendar days after any waiting period (and any extensions thereof) under the HSR Act shall have expired or been terminated. The Parties will cooperate with one another to the extent necessary in the preparation of any such HSR Filing and each Party will request in their respective HSR Filing early termination of the waiting period under the HSR Act. Each Party will be responsible for its own costs and expenses associated with any HSR Filing.

HSR Clearance. In connection with obtaining such HSR Clearance from the FTC, the DOJ or any other governmental authority for an HSR Filing filed under Section 3.4, Akcea and Novartis will use their respective Commercially Reasonable Efforts to resolve as promptly as practicable any objections that may be asserted with respect to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated by this Agreement under any antitrust, competition or trade regulatory law.

Conditions to Novartis’ Obligations under this Agreement. Novartis’ obligation to complete the transactions contemplated in this Agreement is subject to the fulfillment or waiver of the following conditions:

[***].  From and after the Execution Date and until the Effective Date, there shall have occurred [***]; and

[***]. Akcea shall have duly executed and delivered to Novartis the [***].

Mutual Conditions to Each Party’s Obligations under this Agreement. The obligations of Novartis on the one hand, and Ionis and Akcea (as applicable) on the other hand, to consummate the transactions contemplated under this Agreement is subject to the fulfillment or waiver of the following conditions:

HSR Act Qualification; Initial Stock Purchase. The filings required under the HSR Act in connection with the Stock Purchase Agreement shall have been made and the required waiting period shall have expired or been terminated and the Initial Closing (as defined in the Stock Purchase Agreement) under the Stock Purchase Agreement shall have occurred; and

Absence of Litigation. No proceeding challenging this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby, or seeking to prohibit, alter, prevent or delay the occurrence of the Effective Date or the Initial Closing (as defined in the Stock Purchase Agreement), will have been instituted or be pending before any court, arbitrator, governmental body, agency or official.

Exclusivity Covenants. The Parties agree as set forth below to certain exclusivity covenants with respect to each Product and Exclusive Target.

Akcea’s Exclusivity Covenants. On a Product-by-Product and Exclusive Target-by-Exclusive Target basis, Akcea and its Affiliates will not (independently or with a Third Party):

During the Option Period. During the Option Period, grant any license or other right to a Third Party that would diminish Novartis’ rights under Section 3.1 or Section 5.1.1 or Section 5.1.2 (as applicable) or otherwise under this Agreement.

After the Option Period. After the Option Period, [***], for a period of [***] months after the [***] of such Product [***].

Novartis’ Exclusivity Covenants. On a Product-by-Product and Exclusive Target-by-Exclusive Target basis, Novartis and its Affiliates will not (independently or with a Third Party):

During the Option Period. During the Option Period, [***]; and

After the Option Period. After the Option Period, [***], for a period of [***] months after the [***] of such Product [***].

Limitations and Exceptions to the Parties’ Exclusivity Covenants. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section 4.1.1, the Parties and their Affiliates may perform the following activities:

With regard to the Parties and their Affiliates:

all activities permitted or contemplated under this Agreement, including those contained in Section 4.3 and Section 6.5; and

the practice of any Jointly-Owned Program Technology, including granting a license to a Third Party under any Jointly-Owned Program Technology.

With regard to Akcea and its Affiliates:

The granting of, or performance of obligations under, Permitted Licenses; and

The research, Development, Manufacture or Commercialization of Volanesorsen on its own or with a Third Party.

Competitive Oligo Transactions. The Parties acknowledge that after the Effective Date a Party or its Affiliate may acquire (including through any merger or business combination) or be acquired by a Third Party. In the case of such a transaction where such Third Party is Developing or Commercializing a Competitive Oligo that would violate Section 4.1.1 or 4.1.2, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement:

Akcea or its Affiliate Acquires or is Acquired by a Third Party. On a Product-by-Product basis and after Novartis exercises its Option for such Product, for a period of [***] months after the [***] of such Product for the same Exclusive Target as such Competitive Oligo, if Akcea or its Affiliate acquires or is acquired by a Third Party with a Competitive Oligo, then within [***] months after such acquisition, Akcea (or its Affiliate) and such Third Party must either (i) [***] such Competitive Oligo, or (ii) not [***] (or, if such Competitive Oligo is already being [***], will stop [***] within [***] months) such Competitive Oligo. Any such transaction that occurs during the Option Period is [***] until such time as Novartis exercises its Option for the applicable Product for the same Exclusive Target as such Competitive Oligo, at which time [***].

Novartis or its Affiliate Acquires or is Acquired by a Third Party. On a Product-by-Product basis and after Novartis exercises its Option for such Product, for a period of [***] months after the [***] of such Product for the same Exclusive Target as such Competitive Oligo, if Novartis or its Affiliate acquires or is acquired by a Third Party with a Competitive Oligo, then within [***] months after such acquisition, Novartis (or its Affiliate) and such Third Party must either (i) [***] such Competitive Oligo, or (ii) not [***] (or, if such Competitive Oligo is already being [***], will stop [***] within [***] months) such Competitive Oligo. Any such transaction that occurs during the Option Period is [***] until such time as Novartis exercises its Option for the applicable Product for the same Exclusive Target as such Competitive Oligo, at which time [***].

Effect of Exclusivity on Indications. Akcea and Novartis are subject to certain restrictive covenants under Section 4.1.1 or Section 4.1.2; however, the Parties acknowledge and agree that each Party (on its own or with a Third Party) may continue to research, Develop and Commercialize any therapeutic compound that is designed to directly modulate a gene that is not an Exclusive Target for any Indication, even if such therapeutic compound is designed to treat the same disease or condition as a Product.

License Grants to Novartis.

AKCEA-APO(a)-L_Rx Development, Manufacture and Commercialization License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, upon Novartis’ exercise of the Option for AKCEA-APO(a)-L_Rx in accordance with ARTICLE 3 and Novartis’ payment of the license fee under Section 7.1, Akcea grants to Novartis a worldwide, exclusive, royalty-bearing, sublicensable (in accordance with Section 5.2) license under the Licensed Technology to Research, Develop, Manufacture, have Manufactured and Commercialize AKCEA-APO(a)-L_Rx.

AKCEA-APOCIII-L_Rx Development, Manufacture and Commercialization License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, upon Novartis’ exercise of the Option for AKCEA-APOCIII-L_Rx in accordance with ARTICLE 3 and Novartis’ payment of the license fee under Section 7.2, Akcea grants to Novartis a worldwide, exclusive, royalty-bearing, sublicensable (in accordance with Section 5.2) license under the Licensed Technology to Research, Develop, Manufacture, have Manufactured and Commercialize AKCEA-APOCIII-L_Rx.

Sublicense Rights. Novartis will have the right to grant sublicenses under the licenses granted to Novartis in Section 5.1 as expressly permitted by this Section 5.2.

Right to Grant Sublicenses. Novartis acknowledges that the licenses under Section 5.1 are personal to Novartis.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, Novartis will have the right to grant sublicenses under the licenses granted under Section 5.1.1 and Section 5.1.2 above:

under the Licensed Technology to an Affiliate of Novartis to Develop, Manufacture, have Manufactured and Commercialize or have Commercialized a Product; or

under the Licensed Technology to a Third Party contracted by Novartis or its Affiliate to further Develop and Commercialize a Product if any such arrangement between Novartis and such [***] is [***] the license (and collaboration) agreements Novartis enters into for [***]; or

under the Licensed Technology solely to a Third Party (including a [***]) with [***] (which [***], if required, will not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed) under the Akcea Manufacturing and Analytical Patents and Akcea Manufacturing and Analytical Know-How, in each case solely to Manufacture API or Products in a manufacturing facility owned or operated by such Third Party;  or

in all other cases with Akcea’s prior written consent (which consent will not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), under the Licensed Technology to a Third Party solely to further Manufacture, Develop and Commercialize a Product;

Enforcement of Sublicense Agreements. If, within [***] ([***]) calendar days after first learning of a material breach of the terms of any such sublicense agreement, Novartis does not take any action to enforce the sublicense terms of a sublicense granted pursuant to this Section 5.2, which failure could cause a material adverse effect on Akcea, Novartis hereby grants Akcea the right to enforce such sublicense terms on Novartis’ behalf and will cooperate with and support Akcea (which cooperation will be at Novartis’ sole expense and will include, Novartis joining any action before a court or administrative body filed by Akcea against such Sublicensee if and to the extent necessary for Akcea to have legal standing before such court or administrative body) in connection with enforcing such terms.

Effect of Termination on Sublicenses. If this Agreement terminates for any reason, any Sublicensee will, from the effective date of such termination, automatically become a direct licensee of Akcea with respect to the rights sublicensed to the Sublicensee by Novartis; so long as (i) such Sublicensee agrees in writing to comply with all of the terms of this Agreement to the extent applicable to the rights originally sublicensed to it by Novartis, and (ii) such Sublicensee agrees to pay directly to Akcea such Sublicensee’s payments under this Agreement to the extent applicable to the rights sublicensed to it by Novartis. Upon Akcea’s written request after such termination of this Agreement, Novartis will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to deliver to Akcea within [***] calendar days a copy of any such sublicense with such Sublicensee (provided that Novartis may redact any information in such sublicense that does not relate to the Product or Products).

Consequence of Natural Expiration of this Agreement. If this Agreement naturally expires in accordance with Section 11.1, then with respect to any Product that is the subject of such expiration for which Novartis has a license under Section 5.1 at such time, Akcea grants to Novartis a perpetual, non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free license under [***] and the [***] to Research, Develop, Manufacture, have Manufactured and Commercialize such Product.

No Implied Licenses. All rights in and to Licensed Technology not expressly licensed to Novartis under this Agreement are hereby retained by Akcea and its Affiliates. All rights in and to Novartis Technology not expressly licensed to Akcea under this Agreement, are hereby retained by Novartis and its Affiliates. Except as expressly provided in this Agreement, no Party will be deemed by estoppel or implication to have granted the other Party any license or other right with respect to any intellectual property.

License Conditions; Limitations. Subject to Section 7.9, the licenses granted under Section 5.1.1 and Section 5.1.2 and the sublicense rights under Section 5.2 are subject to and limited by (i) the Prior Agreements, (ii) the Akcea In-License Agreements, in each case to the extent such agreements are disclosed to Novartis prior to the date Novartis exercises the applicable Option with respect to AKCEA-APO(a)-L_Rx or AKCEA-APOCIII-L_Rx (as applicable), and (iii) Akcea’s Co-Commercialization right to be agreed upon as contemplated in Section 6.5.

Trademark and Domain Names.

Novartis will be solely responsible for selecting, registering and maintaining the Trademarks used to Commercialize Products. Novartis will own and control the Trademarks and pay all relevant costs related thereto.

So long as Novartis Commercializes a Product under this Agreement, only Novartis will be authorized to initiate at its own discretion legal proceedings against any infringement or threatened infringement of the Trademarks for such Product.

Novartis will be responsible for registering, hosting, maintaining and defending the Domain Names under all generic Top Level Domains (gTLDs) and under all relevant country code Top Level Domains (ccTLD). For the avoidance of doubt, and subject to the terms of Section 11.3.4 for any Transition Services, Novartis may register such Domain Names in its own name, to host on its own servers, maintain and defend the Domain Names and use them for websites.

Technology and Information Transfer. On a Product-by-Product basis, within [***] ([***]) calendar days after Akcea grants Novartis the license for such Product under Section 5.1, Akcea will deliver to Novartis the following Licensed Know-How pursuant to a technology transfer plan to be mutually agreed by Akcea and Novartis:

Licensed Know-How - Generally. Copies of Licensed Know-How (other than the Akcea Manufacturing and Analytical Know-How) in Akcea’s possession that has not previously been provided hereunder, for use solely in accordance with the licenses granted under Section 5.1.1 or Section 5.1.2, as the case may be, to Novartis, which includes transferring to Novartis the applicable IND and delivering copies of information included in such IND and the data from the Phase 1 Trials and Phase 2 Trials conducted by Akcea, together with all regulatory documentation.

Akcea Manufacturing and Analytical Know-How. Solely for use by Novartis, its Affiliates or a Third Party as permitted under Section 5.2, copies of the Akcea Manufacturing and Analytical Know-How relating to Products in Akcea’s possession that has not previously been provided hereunder, which is necessary for Novartis, its Affiliates or a Third Party to exercise the Manufacturing rights granted under Section 5.1.1 or Section 5.1.2, as the case may be.

Akcea Assistance. If requested by Novartis, Akcea will provide Novartis with a timely and reasonable level of assistance in connection with such Licensed Know-How under Section 5.7.1 and Section 5.7.2. Novartis will compensate Akcea in accordance with Section 7.10 for Akcea’s and its Affiliates’ activities conducted under Section 5.7.1 and Section 5.7.2.

Cross-Licenses under Program Technology.

Enabling Patent License from Novartis to Akcea. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement (including Akcea’s exclusivity obligations under Section 4.1.1 and without limiting the license(s) granted to Novartis under Section 5.1), Novartis hereby grants Akcea a fully-paid, royalty-free, irrevocable, worldwide, non-exclusive, sublicensable license under any Novartis Program Technology (excluding any Product-Specific Patents) to research, Develop, manufacture, have manufactured and Commercialize products that include an [***] as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (other than a Product that is being Developed or Commercialized by Novartis, its Affiliates or Sublicensees under this Agreement).

Enabling Patent License from Akcea to Novartis. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement (including Novartis’ exclusivity obligations under Section 4.1.2 and without limiting the license(s) granted to Novartis under Section 5.1), Akcea hereby grants Novartis a fully-paid, royalty-free, irrevocable, worldwide, non-exclusive, sublicensable license under any Akcea Program Technology (excluding any Product-Specific Patents) to research, Develop, manufacture, have manufactured and Commercialize products that do not include an Oligonucleotide as an active pharmaceutical ingredient; provided, however, if Novartis delivers a written request to Akcea for the right to expand the license under this Section 5.8.2 to include the right to research, Develop, manufacture, have manufactured and Commercialize products that include [***] as an active pharmaceutical ingredient for a particular [***], Akcea will not unreasonably refuse to grant such a request and, if such request is refused by Akcea, Akcea will deliver to Novartis [***] confirming that [***] such request.

The Strategic Plan for Licensed Product(s). Subject to and in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, for each Product licensed to Novartis under Section 5.1, Novartis will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to Develop and Commercialize such Product in accordance with a global strategic development and commercialization plan to be defined by Novartis (the “Strategic Plan”).

The objectives of the Strategic Plan and estimated timelines;

The estimated timing and launch sequence per Indication for each Product;

The key global Clinical Studies (including the CVOT Novartis will conduct), including estimated timelines for the key milestones associated with such studies, the primary and secondary endpoints, approximate size and duration of such studies, and patient populations, in reasonable detail as determined by Novartis, that Novartis will conduct for each Product; and

Key elements of the planning and strategy to support Development, Manufacturing, Regulatory Approvals and Commercialization (including [***] and [***]).

Initial Strategic Plan. Novartis will deliver an initial draft Strategic Plan for each Product to Akcea within [***] ([***]) calendar days after the date Novartis licenses a Product under Section 5.1. [***]  It is agreed that the Initial Strategic Plan will primarily cover details pertaining to the CVOT Novartis will conduct for such Product.

Updating the Strategic Plan.

Novartis will review and update the Strategic Plan every [***] months and the Parties will meet or hold a telephone conference to review such updates.  Novartis will be responsible for coordinating and scheduling such meetings or telephone conferences, and the Parties will mutually determine the location of meetings. Each Party will be responsible for the costs of its own representatives attending such meetings. At such meeting or telephone conference, as applicable, the Parties will discuss, among other things:

Material updates to the Strategic Plan;

Relevant new data and results from ongoing or completed Clinical Studies and non-clinical studies;

Technology advancements (including platform technology) potentially relevant to the Products;

Key elements of the manufacturing planning and strategy to support Development, Regulatory Approvals and Commercialization for the Products; and

The evolving competitive landscape (including [***],[***] and [***]) and its potential impact on the Products and strategy.

Material Changes to the Strategic Plan. Novartis is responsible for preparing each updated Strategic Plan and the agenda for each meeting or telephone conference of the Parties to discuss such update, and will submit such updated plan and agenda to Akcea at least [***] ([***]) calendar days prior to the date of such next scheduled meeting or telephone conference, as applicable. The Parties’ goal is to mutually agree on changes to the Strategic Plan materially changing the CVRR Indication, the details or timing of the CVOT for a Product (each, a “Material Change”). If, however, after good faith discussions, the Parties cannot mutually agree on a Material Change to the Strategic Plan, then Novartis will have final decision-making authority regarding [***]. 

Ad Hoc Meetings. At either Party’s reasonable request, the Parties may meet or hold a telephone conference as mutually agreed on an ad-hoc basis to address any urgent matters that arise with respect to Products. Each Party will ensure that its representatives at such meetings are senior development and/or commercial executives.

Commercialization and Novartis Diligence.

Generally. Novartis will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to Develop the Products, including pursuing the CVRR for each Product and conducting the activities set forth in the Strategic Plan in accordance with the timelines specified therein. Subject to JDCC governance and Section 6.5, Novartis will be solely responsible for all aspects of Commercialization of such Products, including planning and implementation, distribution, booking of sales, pricing and reimbursement. Novartis shall itself, or through its Affiliates or Sublicensees, use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to Commercialize each Product [***]. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Novartis’ application of Commercially Reasonable Efforts shall not require Novartis to Commercialize a Product in any country or territory in which Novartis reasonably determines it is not commercially reasonable to do so for such Product.  Subject to compliance with the foregoing, Novartis will have sole discretion and the final decision-making authority regarding the [***] under the Strategic Plan so long as such decisions are consistent with Novartis’ obligations under Section 6.4.2.

Specific Performance Milestone Events. Novartis will achieve the specific performance milestone events set forth in Schedule 6.4.2 (“Specific Performance Milestone Events”); provided, however, if [***] issues arise that are outside of Novartis’ reasonable control that impede achievement of any such Specific Performance Milestone Event on the stated timeline, the Parties will meet and discuss in good faith through the JDCC and revise the date by which the applicable Specific Performance Milestone Event will be or can be achieved.

Akcea’s Right to Co-Commercialize AKCEA-APO(a)-L_Rx and AKCEA-APOCIII-L_Rx. Akcea has the right to Co-Commercialize each Product with Novartis in selected markets with the terms and conditions of such Co-Commercialization to be mutually agreed between Akcea and Novartis. If, on or before the [***] calendar day after [***] or [***] for a particular Product, Akcea delivers written notice to Novartis indicating that Akcea intends to Co-Commercialize such Product with Novartis, then the Parties shall negotiate in good faith on the terms and conditions upon which Akcea will Co-Commercialize the Product.

Regulatory Interactions.

Regulatory Interactions. In accordance with the Strategic Plan, after Option Exercise, Novartis will (i) determine the regulatory plans and strategies for the Products, (ii) (either itself or through its Affiliates or sublicensees) make all Regulatory Filings with respect to the Products, and (iii) will be responsible for obtaining and maintaining Regulatory Approvals in the name of Novartis or its Affiliates or Sublicensees. Until Regulatory Approval of a Product, Novartis will provide Akcea with material correspondence with and material submissions (NDA, MAA, briefing documents, priority review or breakthrough request) to any Regulatory Authority in each Major Market for such Product, sufficiently in advance of providing such correspondence or submission to the applicable Regulatory Authority to enable Akcea to provide comments on the contents thereof.  In the event Akcea does not provide comments within [***] calendar days from receipt (or shorter notice as reasonably indicated by Novartis), it is agreed that Novartis shall be entitled to submit such submission or correspondence as the case may be. In addition, until Regulatory Approval of a Product, Novartis will notify, at JDCC meeting, Akcea of any planned significant meetings with a Regulatory Authority for a Product in a Major Market, and will, at Akcea’s request, consider in good faith inviting Akcea (or its Affiliate) to participate with one representative [***] under the direction of Novartis in any such meeting. For the avoidance of doubt, Akcea’s performance under this Section 6.6.1 shall be at no cost to Novartis.

At no cost to Novartis, on a Product-by-Product basis, within [***] ([***]) calendar days after Akcea grants Novartis the license for such Product under Section 5.1, Akcea will transfer the IND for such Product to Novartis together with all regulatory documentation (including pending drafts) related to such Product.

Following such IND transfer under Section 6.6.2(a), if requested by Novartis and mutually agreed by Akcea (such agreement not to be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned), Akcea shall cooperate with and provide reasonable assistance to Novartis in connection with filings or submission to any Regulatory Authority relating to the Products, including by executing any required documents, providing access to personnel and providing Novartis with copies of all reasonably required documentation. After the first [***] hours of Akcea’s time for any assistance under this Section 6.6.2(b), Novartis will compensate Akcea in accordance with Section 7.10 for Akcea’s and its Affiliates’ activities conducted under this Section 6.6.2(b). To the extent required to submit a regulatory filing or submission to a Regulatory Authority, Akcea shall grant or cause to be granted to Novartis and its Affiliates or Sublicensees cross-reference rights to any relevant drug master files and other filings submitted by Akcea or its Affiliates with any Regulatory Authority

Class Generic Claims; Investigator’s Brochure. To the extent Novartis intends to make any claims in a Product label or regulatory filing that are class generic to Oligonucleotides, Akcea’s or its Affiliate’s generation 2.0 or 2.5 chemistry platform(s), Conjugate Technology, or any other Akcea technology included in a Product, Novartis will provide such claims and regulatory filings to Akcea in advance and will [***] any proposals and comments made by Akcea (or its Affiliates). Novartis will provide Akcea updated versions of the investigator’s brochure when Development of the Products results in any substantive change to the safety or risk to the Products.

Compliance. Each Party will perform its activities pursuant to this Agreement (and will use reasonable efforts to require Third Parties to perform any such activities) in compliance with good laboratory practices (GLP), good clinical practices (GCP), and good manufacturing practices (GMP), in each case as applicable under the laws and regulations of the country and the state and local government wherein such activities are conducted or which are otherwise affected.

Pharmacovigilance and Ionis Internal ASO Safety Database.

On a Product-by-Product basis and within [***] ([***]) months after Option Exercise, the Parties shall agree upon and implement procedures for the mutual exchange of adverse events reports and safety information associated with the Products. Details of the operating procedures regarding such adverse events reports and safety information exchange shall be subject to a written pharmacovigilance agreement which shall be entered into within such [***] ([***]) month period.

Akcea’s Affiliate, Ionis, maintains an internal database that includes information regarding the tolerability of its drug compounds, individually and as a class, including information discovered during non-clinical and clinical development (the “Ionis Internal ASO Safety Database”). In an effort to maximize understanding of the safety profile and pharmacokinetics of Akcea compounds, Novartis will cooperate in connection with populating the Ionis Internal ASO Safety Database. To the extent collected by Novartis and in the form in which Novartis stores such information for its own purposes, Novartis will provide Akcea with information concerning toxicology, pharmacokinetics, safety pharmacology study(ies) and adverse events related to Products licensed by Novartis under this Agreement within a reasonable period of time (but not later than [***] ([***]) calendar days after Novartis’ receipt of such information). In connection with any reported serious adverse event, Novartis will provide Akcea all serious adverse event reports within a reasonable time period of time but not later than [***] ([***]) calendar days after Novartis’ receipt of such information. In addition, with respect to Products, Novartis will provide Akcea with copies of Annual safety updates filed with each IND (e.g. DSURs or IND annual reports) and the safety sections of any final Clinical Study reports within [***] ([***]) calendar days following the date such information is filed, as applicable. Furthermore, Novartis will provide in a timely manner to Akcea supporting data that Novartis determines to be reasonably related to such safety information provided by Novartis under this Section 6.8(a) and answer in a timely manner any follow-up questions reasonably requested by Akcea or its Affiliates to the extent such data and answers are reasonably available to Novartis. All such information disclosed by Novartis to Akcea will be Novartis Confidential Information and Novartis acknowledges and agrees that Akcea will provide all such information to Ionis to enable Ionis to populate the Ionis Internal ASO Safety Database.  In addition, so long as Akcea does not disclose the identity of a Product or Novartis’ identity, Akcea may disclose any such Novartis Confidential Information to (i) Akcea’s other partners pursuant to Section 6.8(c) below if such information is regarding class generic properties of ASOs, (ii) any Third Party (other than a Regulatory Authority) that contributes to the populating of the Ionis Internal ASO Safety Database, or (iii) a Regulatory Authority. Novartis will deliver all such information to Akcea for the Ionis Internal ASO Safety Database to Akcea Therapeutics, Inc., 55 Cambridge Parkway, Cambridge, MA 02142, Attention: Chief Medical Officer (or to such other address/contact designated in writing by Akcea). Novartis will also cause its Affiliates and Sublicensees to comply with this Section 6.8(b).

From time to time, Akcea and Ionis utilize the information in the Ionis Internal ASO Safety Database to conduct analyses to keep Akcea, Ionis and their partners informed regarding class generic properties of ASOs, including with respect to safety. As such, if and when Akcea identifies safety or other related issues that may be relevant to a Product (including any potential class-related toxicity), Akcea will inform Novartis in a timely manner of such issues and, if requested allow Novartis to review such issues and conclusions and allow Novartis the opportunity to review and align on safety statement and health authority submissions in a timely manner before release.

During the Agreement Term, Novartis may submit written requests to Akcea for Akcea to have queries run of the Ionis Internal ASO Safety Database relevant to Products licensed to Novartis under this Agreement, and Akcea will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to promptly cause such queries to be run and deliver to Novartis the results of such queries. Any information disclosed between the Parties under this Section 6.8(d) will be treated as Confidential Information in accordance with ARTICLE 12 below.

License Fee for AKCEA-APO(a)-L_Rx. Upon Novartis’ written notice to Akcea stating that Novartis is exercising the Option for AKCEA-APO(a)-L_Rx in accordance with this Agreement, Novartis will pay to Akcea a license fee of US$150,000,000 within [***] ([***]) Business Days after receipt by Novartis of an original invoice from Akcea for such amount and in the form attached hereto as Exhibit X.

License Fee for AKCEA-APOCIII-L_Rx. Upon Novartis’ written notice to Akcea stating that Novartis is exercising the Option for AKCEA-APOCIII-L_Rx in accordance with this Agreement, Novartis will pay to Akcea a license fee of US$150,000,000 within [***] ([***]) Business Days after receipt by Novartis of an original invoice from Akcea for such amount and in the form attached hereto as Exhibit X.

Milestone Payments for Achievement of Development Milestone Events by AKCEA-APO(a)-L_Rx. Novartis will pay Akcea the milestone payments as set forth in Table 1 below when a development milestone event listed in Table 1 is first achieved by AKCEA-APO(a)-L_Rx:

Milestone Payments for Achievement of Development Milestone Events by AKCEA-APOCIII-L_Rx. Novartis will pay Akcea the milestone payments as set forth in Table 2 below when a development milestone event listed in Table 2 is first achieved by AKCEA-APOCIII-L_Rx:

Milestone Payments for First Achievement of Sales Milestone Events by AKCEA-APO(a)-L_Rx. Novartis will pay Akcea the sales milestone payments set forth in Table 3 below if a sales milestone event listed in Table 3 is achieved by AKCEA-APO(a)-L_Rx:

Milestone Payments for First Achievement of Sales Milestone Events by AKCEA-APOCIII-L_Rx. Novartis will pay Akcea the sales milestone payments set forth in Table 4 below if a sales milestone event listed in Table 4 is achieved by AKCEA-APOCIII-L_Rx:

Limitations on Milestone Payments; Exceptions; Notice.

Each milestone payment set forth in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4 above will be paid only once upon the first achievement of the milestone event by the applicable Product regardless of how many times such Product achieves such milestone event.

If a particular milestone event is not achieved by a Product, then upon achievement of a later milestone event by such Product the milestone event payment applicable to such earlier milestone event will also be due. For example, if Novartis proceeds directly to “[***]” without achieving the “[***],” then upon achieving the “[***]” milestone event, both the “[***]” and “[***]” milestone event payments are due.

If a particular milestone event is achieved by a Product contemporaneously with or in connection with another milestone event by such Product, then both milestone events will be deemed achieved and the milestone payments for both milestone events are due. For example, if Novartis achieves the “[***]” milestone event and the [***] ([***]) that was the subject of such milestone event contains one or more separate [***] that were also [***], then both the “[***]” and the “[***]” milestone event payments are due.

Each time a milestone event is achieved under this ARTICLE 7, Novartis will send Akcea a written notice thereof within [***] ([***]) calendar days following the date of achievement of such milestone event and the applicable milestone payment is due within [***] ([***]) calendar days after receipt by Novartis of an original invoice from Company for such amount and in the form attached hereto as Exhibit X.

Novartis and Akcea acknowledge and agree that nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as representing an estimate or projection of anticipated sales of any Product, and that the Milestones and Net Sales levels set forth above are only intended to define the Milestone Payment and royalty obligations to Akcea in the event such milestones or Net Sales level are achieved.  Neither Akcea nor Novartis makes any representation or warranty, either express or implied, that it will be able to successfully Develop or Commercialize any Product or, if Commercialized, that any particular Net Sales of such Product will be achieved.

Royalty Payments.

Royalty. As partial consideration for the rights granted to Novartis hereunder, subject to the provisions of this Section 7.8.1 and Section 7.8.2, Novartis will pay to Akcea royalties on Annual worldwide Net Sales of Products sold by Novartis, its Affiliates or Sublicensees, on a country-by-country and Product-by-Product basis, in each case in the amounts as follows in Table 5 below (the “Novartis Royalty”):

Application of Royalty Rates. All royalties set forth under Section 7.8.1 are subject to the provisions of this Section 7.8.2, and are payable as follows:

Initial Payment Period. Novartis’ obligation to pay Akcea the Novartis Royalty above with respect to a Product will continue on a country-by-country and Product-by-Product basis from the date of First Commercial Sale of such Product until the later of the date of expiration of (i) the last Valid Claim of the Orange Book Patents Covering such Product in the country in which such Product is made, used or sold, (ii) the data exclusivity period conferred by the applicable Regulatory Authority in such country with respect to such Product, and (iii) the tenth anniversary of the First Commercial Sale of such Product in such country (such royalty period, the “Initial Payment Period”).

Generic Competition During the Initial Payment Period. Notwithstanding the foregoing, on a country-by-country and Product-by-Product basis, if at any time during the Initial Payment Period a Generic Product is sold in such country, then Novartis will pay Akcea royalties on Net Sales of Products sold by Novartis, its Affiliates or Sublicensees in such country using the royalty adjustment set forth in this Section 7.8.2(b) for such country as follows:

If the aggregate Net Sales of such Product in such country in any Calendar Year are between [***]% - [***]% lower as compared to the aggregate Net Sales of such Product in the last Calendar Year during which there were no Generic Products sold in such country, then, following such reduction in Net Sales, the applicable Net Sales from such country upon which royalties are calculated shall be adjusted to [***] percent ([***]%) for purposes of calculation of such royalties; or

If the aggregate Net Sales of such Product in such country in any Calendar Year are at least [***]% lower as compared to the aggregate Net Sales of such Product in the last Calendar Year during which there were no Generic Products sold in such country, then, following such reduction in Net Sales, the applicable Net Sales from such country upon which royalties are calculated shall be adjusted to [***] percent ([***]%) for the purpose of calculation of such royalties.

Royalty Adjustment After the Initial Payment Period. On a country-by-country and Product-by-Product basis, after the expiration of the Initial Payment Period and until the end of the Adjusted Payment Period for such Product, Novartis will pay Akcea a royalty on [***]% of the Net Sales of Products sold by Novartis, its Affiliates or Sublicensees on a Calendar Year-by-Calendar Year basis at the royalty rates set forth in Table 5 of Section 7.8.1 above. “Adjusted Payment Period” means, on a country-by-country and Product-by-Product basis, the period commencing upon the expiration of the Initial Payment Period and ending when (i) aggregate Net Sales of such Product in such country in a Calendar Year are at least [***]% lower as compared to the aggregate Net Sales of such Product in the immediately preceding Calendar Year, or (ii) Akcea (by itself or through an Affiliate or Third Party) commercializes a drug designed to directly modulate an Exclusive Target (other than Volanesorsen), whichever occurs first.

End of Royalty Obligation for Products. On a country-by-country and Product-by-Product basis, [***], Novartis’ obligation to make royalty payments hereunder for such Product in such country will end on the expiration of the Adjusted Payment Period in such country.

API Cost Adjustment. The Parties may negotiate in good faith a potential adjustment to the Novartis Royalty in Table 5 of Section 7.8.1.

Royalty Examples. Schedule 7.8.2(f) attached hereto contains examples of how royalties will be calculated under this Section 7.8.

Limitation on [***] for [***].

Third Party Payment Obligations. Any Third Party Obligations that become payable by Akcea or Novartis under an agreement such Party (or its Affiliate) has entered into to license or otherwise acquire Third Party Patent Rights will be promptly paid by a Party or shared by the Parties as expressly set forth in this Section 7.9.

Existing In-License Agreements as of Option Exercise.

Akcea’s Existing In-License Agreements. On a Product-by-Product basis, certain of the Licensed Technology Controlled by Akcea as of the date of Option Exercise that may be licensed to Novartis under Section 5.1.1 or Section 5.1.2, as the case may be, are in-licensed or were acquired by Akcea or its Affiliates under (i) the agreements with Third Party licensors or sellers listed on Appendix 3, or (ii) the Ionis-Akcea License Agreement (such license or purchase agreements being the “Akcea In-License Agreements”), and certain milestone, royalty payments, license maintenance fees and other payments may become payable by Akcea or its Affiliates to such Third Parties under the Akcea In-License Agreements based on the Development or Commercialization of a Product by Novartis, its Affiliates or Sublicensees. Any payment obligations arising under the Akcea In-License Agreements will be paid by [***] as [***].

Novartis’ Existing In-License Agreements. On a Product-by-Product basis, [***] will be solely responsible for any Third Party Obligations that become payable by Novartis or its Affiliates to Third Parties under any agreements or arrangements Novartis or its Affiliates has with such Third Parties as of the date of Option Exercise, based on the Development or Commercialization of a Product by Novartis, its Affiliate or Sublicensee under this Agreement. Any such payment obligations will be paid by [***] as [***].

New In-Licensed Akcea Core Technology Patents, Akcea Manufacturing and Analytical Patents or Akcea Product-Specific Patents.

New In-Licensed Akcea Core Technology Patents or Akcea Manufacturing and Analytical Patents. On a Product-by-Product basis, if, after the date of Option Exercise, Akcea obtains Third Party Patent Rights necessary to Develop, Manufacture or Commercialize a Product that would have been considered an Akcea Core Technology Patent or an Akcea Manufacturing and Analytical Patent had Akcea Controlled such Patent Rights on the Effective Date, Akcea will include such Third Party Patent Rights in the license granted to Novartis under Section 5.1.1 or Section 5.1.2 (as applicable) and any and all costs arising under such Third Party agreement as they apply to a Product will be paid solely by [***] as [***].

New In-Licensed Akcea Product-Specific Patents. On a Product-by-Product basis, if, after the date of Option Exercise, Akcea obtains Third Party Patent Rights necessary to Develop, Manufacture or Commercialize a Product that would have been considered an Akcea Product-Specific Patent had Akcea Controlled such Patent Rights on the Effective Date, Akcea will include such Third Party Patent Rights in the license granted to Novartis under Section 5.1.1 or Section 5.1.2 (as applicable) if [***] as [***] any and all costs arising under such Third Party agreement as they apply to Products; provided, however, if Akcea obtains any such Akcea Product-Specific Patents  as a result of [***], then Akcea will include such Third Party Patent Rights in the license granted to Novartis under Section 5.1.1 or Section 5.1.2 (as applicable) and any and all costs arising under such Third Party agreement as they apply to a Product will be paid solely by [***] as [***].

Additional IP In-License Agreements.

After the date of Option Exercise, on a Product-by-Product basis,  Novartis will promptly provide Akcea written notice of any Additional IP Novartis believes it has identified and Akcea or its Affiliate will have the first right, but not the obligation, to negotiate with, and obtain a license from the Third Party Controlling such Additional IP. If Akcea or its Affiliate obtains such a Third Party license, Akcea will include such Additional IP in the license granted to Novartis under Section 5.1.1 or Section 5.1.2 (as applicable), and [***] will pay any financial obligations under such Third Party agreement as [***].

If, however, Akcea and its Affiliates elect not to obtain such a license to such Additional IP, Akcea will so notify Novartis, and Novartis may obtain such a Third Party license and, except as set forth in Section 7.9.3(d), Novartis may offset an amount equal to [***]% of [***] during a Calendar Quarter paid by Novartis under such Third Party license against any [***] during the same Calendar Quarter.

If Akcea does not agree that certain intellectual property identified by Novartis pursuant to Section 7.9.3(a) is Additional IP under Section 7.9.3(b), Akcea will send written notice to such effect to Novartis, and the Parties will engage a mutually agreed upon independent Third Party intellectual property lawyer with expertise in the patenting of Oligonucleotides, and appropriate professional credentials in the relevant jurisdiction, to determine the question of whether or not such Third Party intellectual property is Additional IP. The determination of the Third Party expert engaged under the preceding sentence will be binding on the Parties solely for purposes of determining whether Novartis is permitted to apply the offset under Section 7.9.3(b) above. The costs of any Third Party expert engaged under this Section 7.9.3(c) will be paid by the Party against whose position the Third Party lawyer's determination is made.

Notwithstanding the determination of the Third Party lawyer under Section 7.9.3(c), if a Third Party Controlling Additional IP is awarded a final judgment from a court of competent jurisdiction arising from its claim against Novartis asserting that a license to such Additional IP is necessary for Novartis to practice an invention claimed within an Orange Book Patent to Commercialize a particular Product in a particular country or Novartis and Akcea mutually agree to settle such a Third Party claim, then, on a country-by-country and Product-by-Product basis, Novartis will be permitted to, subject to Section 7.8.2(g), offset against any [***] for such Product in such country (A) [***]% of the sum of any amounts paid by Novartis to such Third Party constituting [***] or [***] (excluding any [***] or [***]) awarded by such court against Novartis based on [***] occurring after Option Exercise and prior to the date of such final judgment or such settlement, and (B) [***]% of the sum of any royalties paid by Novartis to such Third Party on such Product sold in such country under such final judgment or such settlement. In no event will Novartis have the right to offset the sum of any amounts paid by Novartis to such Third Party constituting [***] or [***].

Minimum Third Party Payments. Any Minimum Third Party Payments Novartis is obligated to pay under this Agreement will be satisfied by paying Akcea directly.

Invoices. If the Parties explicitly refer to this Section 7.10, for any mutually agreed work performed by Akcea and/or Akcea’s Affiliates at Novartis’ request under this Agreement (other than the Akcea Activities) after (i) the first [***] hours of Akcea’s time for any [***], (ii) the first [***] hours of Akcea’s time for [***], or (iii) the first [***] hours of Akcea’s time for [***], as applicable, Novartis will reimburse Akcea for the services rendered within [***] ([***]) Business Days from the date an invoice is received by Novartis; provided that any invoiced costs are for fees or services that have been rendered by Akcea plus out-of-pocket costs incurred by Akcea. Akcea’s invoices will include Akcea’s good faith estimate of the FTE cost incurred by Akcea in performing the services and the amount of any out-of-pocket costs incurred by Akcea. Before Akcea commences work for which it intends to invoice Novartis, Novartis and Akcea will agree to a budget for the work Novartis requests Akcea to perform that will include Akcea’s good faith estimate of the FTE cost plus any out-of-pocket costs.

Payments.

Commencement. Beginning with the Calendar Quarter in which the First Commercial Sale for a Product is made and for each Calendar Quarter thereafter, Novartis will make royalty payments to Akcea under this Agreement within [***] ([***]) calendar days following the end of each such Calendar Quarter. Each royalty payment will be accompanied by a report, summarizing Net Sales for Products during the relevant Calendar Quarter and the calculation of royalties due thereon, including country, units, sales price and the exchange rate used. If no royalties are payable in respect of a given Calendar Quarter, Novartis will submit a written royalty report to Akcea so indicating together with an explanation as to why no such royalties are payable. In addition, beginning with the Calendar Quarter in which the First Commercial Sale for a Product is made and for each Calendar Quarter thereafter, Novartis will provide Akcea with a single preliminary, non-binding Net Sales amount for the entire territory (worldwide) within [***] ([***]) Business Days after the end of the Calendar Quarter in order to provide Akcea with an indication of the approximate Net Sales for all Products that are likely to be due under the applicable royalty report pursuant to Section 7.8. Such “preliminary Net Sales” shall be provided as a courtesy estimate only and shall not be used as a basis of comparison against actual royalties due or be considered binding in any way.  For the avoidance of doubt, royalty reports and “preliminary Net Sales” hereunder are Novartis’ Confidential Information subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

Mode of Payment. All payments under this Agreement will be (i) payable in full in U.S. dollars, regardless of the country(ies) in which sales are made, (ii) made by wire transfer of immediately available funds to an account designated by Akcea in writing, and (iii) non-creditable (except as otherwise provided in Section 7.12) and non-refundable. All payments under this Agreement shall be made in US Dollars. Any sales incurred in a currency other than US Dollars shall be converted to the US Dollar equivalent using Novartis’ then-current standard exchange rate methodology as consistently applied in its external reporting for the conversion of foreign currency sales into US Dollars. Novartis shall notify Akcea in the event of changes to this methodology. In addition, an “original invoice” will be deemed duly delivered by a Party to the other Party under this Agreement when delivered electronically to such other Party and, if so delivered electronically, will be promptly followed by delivery of a paper copy of such invoice.

Records Retention. Commencing with the First Commercial Sale of a Product, Novartis will keep complete and accurate records pertaining to the Net Sale of Products for a period of [***] ([***]) months after the Quarter in which such sales occurred in accordance with Novartis Accounting Standards.

Audits.

During the Agreement Term and for a period of [***] months thereafter, at Akcea’s expense and upon written notice to Novartis, Novartis will permit an independent certified public accountant of internationally recognized standing (the “Auditor”) appointed by Akcea and reasonably acceptable to Novartis, at reasonable times and upon reasonable notice, but in no case more than [***] per Calendar Year and not more frequently than [***] with respect to records covering any specific period of time, to examine such records as may be necessary for the sole purpose of verifying the accrual of any milestone payments, the calculation and reporting of Net Sales, and the correctness of any milestone or royalty payment made under this Agreement for any period within the preceding [***] months.

As a condition to and prior to examining any of Novartis’ records, such Auditor will sign a nondisclosure agreement reasonably acceptable to Novartis in form and substance. Any and all of Novartis’ records examined by such independent certified public accountant will be deemed Novartis’ Confidential Information. Novartis and its Affiliates shall make their records available for inspection by such Auditor during regular business hours at such place or places where such records are customarily kept, upon receipt of reasonable advance notice from Akcea.

Upon completion of the audit, the accounting firm will provide both Novartis and Akcea with a written audit report disclosing whether the milestone or royalty payments made by Novartis are correct or incorrect and the specific details concerning any discrepancies (“Audit Report”). Before it is considered final, Novartis shall have the right to request a further determination by such Auditor as to matters which Novartis disputes within [***] ([***]) Business Days following receipt of such Audit Report. Novartis will provide Akcea and the Auditor with a reasonably detailed statement of the grounds upon which it disputes any findings in the Audit Report and the Auditor shall undertake to complete such further determination within [***] ([***]) Business Days after the dispute notice is provided, which determination shall be limited to the disputed matters. Any matters that remain unresolved shall be resolved in accordance with the dispute resolution procedures in Section 13.1. No Audit Report shall be considered final until conclusions are undisputed by both Parties or are otherwise conclusively determined.

If, as a result of any inspection of Novartis’ books and records, it is undisputed (or later conclusively determined) that Novartis’ payments under this Agreement were more or less than the milestone or royalty amount which should have been paid, then the relevant Party will make all payments required to be made by paying the other Party the difference between such amounts to eliminate any discrepancy revealed by said inspection within [***] ([***]) Business Days of receiving the final Audit Report, with interest calculated in accordance with Section 7.14; provided, however, that any such payment by Akcea to Novartis will be in the form of a credit against future royalty payments due under Section 7.8 equal to the difference between the amounts actually paid by Novartis to Akcea and the royalty amounts Novartis should have paid Akcea. Akcea will pay for such audit, except that if Novartis is found to have underpaid Akcea by more than [***]% of the amount that should have been paid for the audited period, Novartis will reimburse Akcea the reasonable fees and expenses charged by the Auditor for the audit.

Taxes.

Taxes on Income. Each Party alone will be solely responsible for paying any and all taxes (other than withholding taxes required by Applicable Law to be paid by Novartis or Akcea (as the case may be) levied on account of, or measured in whole or in part by reference to, the income of such Party.

Indirect Taxes. All payments are exclusive of Indirect Taxes. If any Indirect Taxes are chargeable in respect of any payments, the paying Party will pay such Indirect Taxes at the applicable rate in respect of such payments following receipt, where applicable, of an Indirect Taxes invoice in the appropriate form issued by the receiving Party in respect of those payments.

Withholding Tax. To the extent the paying Party is required to deduct and withhold taxes on any payment, the paying Party will pay the amounts of such taxes to the proper Governmental Authority for the account of the receiving Party and remit the net amount to the receiving Party in a timely manner. The paying Party will promptly furnish the receiving Party with proof of payment of such taxes. If documentation is necessary in order to secure an exemption from, or a reduction in, any withholding taxes, the Parties will provide such documentation to the extent they are entitled to do so.

Tax Cooperation. At least [***] ([***]) Business days prior to the date a given payment is due under this Agreement, the non-paying Party will provide the paying Party with any and all tax forms that may be reasonably necessary in order for the paying Party to lawfully not withhold tax or to withhold tax at a reduced rate with respect to such payment under an applicable bilateral income tax treaty. Following the paying Party’s timely receipt of such tax forms from the non-paying Party, the paying Party will not withhold tax or will withhold tax at a reduced rate under an applicable bilateral income tax treaty, if appropriate under the Applicable Laws. Each Party will provide the other with reasonable assistance to enable the recovery, as permitted by Applicable Law, of withholding taxes resulting from payments made under this Agreement, such recovery to be for the benefit of the Party who would have been entitled to receive the money but for the application of withholding tax under this Section 7.13.

Interest. Any undisputed payments to be made hereunder that are not paid on or before the date such payments are due under this Agreement, and any payments that are pending resolution of any dispute unless the dispute is ruled in favor of the paying Party, will bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the lesser of (i) the rate announced by Bank of America (or its successor) as its prime rate in effect on the date that such payment would have been first due plus [***]% or (ii) the maximum rate permissible under applicable law.

Joint Patent Committee.

Unless the Parties mutually agree to establish it sooner, the Parties will establish a “Joint Patent Committee” or “JPC” upon the [***]. The JPC will serve as the primary contact and forum for discussion between the Parties with respect to intellectual property matters arising under this Agreement, and will cooperate with respect to the activities set forth in this Section 8.1. If the JPC dissolves, each Party may designate a patent attorney who will be responsible for intellectual property matters under this Agreement. A strategy will be discussed with regard to (i) prosecution and maintenance, defense and enforcement of Akcea Product-Specific Patents that would be or are licensed to Novartis under Section 5.1 and Novartis Product-Specific Patents, (ii) defense against allegations of infringement of Third Party Patent Rights, (iii) licenses to Third Party Patent Rights or Know-How, and (iv) the timing and subject matter of any potential publications regarding a Product, in each case to the extent such matter would be reasonably likely to have a material impact on this Agreement or the licenses granted hereunder, which strategy will be considered in good faith by the Party entitled to prosecute, enforce and defend such Patent Rights, as applicable, hereunder, but will not be binding on such Party. Upon Novartis’ exercise of (or the expiration or termination of) the last Option, each Party will no longer have the obligation, but will continue to have the right, to participate in the JPC, provided that, if requested by Novartis, Akcea shall consider in good faith and not unreasonably refuse to participate in the JPC.

The JPC will comprise an equal number of at most three members from each Party. The JPC will meet as often as agreed by them (and at least semi-Annually), to discuss matters arising out of the activities set forth in this Section 8.1. The JPC will determine the JPC operating procedures at its first meeting, including the JPC’s policies for replacement of JPC members, and the location of meetings, which will be codified in the written minutes of the first JPC meeting. The Parties may escalate issues to the Executives for input and resolution pursuant to Section 13.1. Each Party’s representatives on the JPC will consider comments and suggestions made by the other in good faith. Each Party will bear their own cost of participation on the JPC.

Ownership.

Akcea Technology and Novartis Technology. As between the Parties, Akcea will own and retain all of its rights, title and interest in and to the Licensed Know-How and Licensed Patents and Novartis will own and retain all of its rights, title and interest in and to the Novartis Know-How and Novartis Patents, subject to any rights or licenses expressly granted by one Party to the other Party under this Agreement.

Program Technology. As between the Parties, Novartis is the sole owner of any Know-How discovered, invented or created solely by or on behalf of Novartis or its Affiliates under or in connection with this Agreement (“Novartis Program Know-How”) and any Patent Rights that claim or cover Novartis Program Know-How (“Novartis Program Patents” and together with the Novartis Program Know-How, the “Novartis Program Technology”), and will retain all of its rights, title and interest thereto, subject to any rights or licenses expressly granted by Novartis to Akcea under this Agreement. As between the Parties, Akcea is the sole owner of any Know-How discovered, invented or created solely by or on behalf of Akcea or its Affiliates under or in connection with this Agreement (“Akcea Program Know-How”) and any Patent Rights that claim or cover such Know-How (“Akcea Program Patents” and together with the Akcea Program Know-How, the “Akcea Program Technology”), and will retain all of its rights, title and interest thereto, subject to any rights or licenses expressly granted by Akcea to Novartis under this Agreement. Any Know-How discovered, invented or created jointly under or in connection with this Agreement by or on behalf of both Parties or their respective Affiliates or Third Parties acting on their behalf (“Jointly-Owned Program Know-How”), and any Patent Rights that claim or cover such Jointly-Owned Program Know-How (“Jointly-Owned Program Patents”, and together with the Jointly-Owned Program Know-How, the “Jointly-Owned Program Technology”), are owned jointly by Novartis and Akcea on an equal and undivided basis, including all rights, title and interest thereto, subject to any rights or licenses expressly granted by one Party to the other Party under this Agreement.

In addition, the JPC (or the Parties’ respective patent representatives if no JPC exists) will be responsible for the assessment of inventorship of Program Patents in accordance with United States patent laws. In case of a dispute in the JPC (or otherwise between Akcea and Novartis) over inventorship of Program Patents, if the JPC (or the Parties’ respective patent representatives if no JPC exists) cannot resolve such dispute, such dispute will be resolved by independent patent counsel not engaged or regularly employed in the past two years by either Party (or its Affiliates) and reasonably acceptable to both Parties. The decision of such independent patent counsel will be binding on the Parties. Expenses of such patent counsel will be shared equally by the Parties.

Filing, Prosecution and Maintenance of Patents.

Licensed Patents.

Akcea Core Technology Patents and Akcea Manufacturing and Analytical Patents. Akcea will control and be responsible for Prosecuting and Maintaining (i) the Akcea Core Technology Patents, and (ii) Akcea Manufacturing and Analytical Patents, including any Jointly-Owned Program Patents in (i) or (ii).

Akcea Product-Specific Patents. Prior to the date Novartis exercises its Option for a Product in accordance with this Agreement, Akcea will control and be responsible for Prosecuting and Maintaining the Akcea Product-Specific Patents (including any Jointly-Owned Program Patents that are Product-Specific Patents). On a Product-by-Product basis, following the date Novartis exercises its Option for such Product in accordance with this Agreement (and so long as the applicable license to Novartis under Section 5.1 is in effect), Akcea will continue to control and be responsible for Prosecuting and Maintaining the Akcea Product-Specific Patents (including any Jointly-Owned Program Patents that are Product-Specific Patents) that (i) Cover an Akcea-Separate Product or (ii) Cover Conjugate Technology (“Akcea Special Product-Specific Patents”) and Novartis will control and be responsible for Prosecuting and Maintaining all other Product-Specific Patents (including any Jointly-Owned Program Patents) that are not Akcea Special Product-Specific Patents.

Other Jointly-Owned Program Patents. The Parties will decide through the JPC the appropriate Party to control and be responsible for Prosecuting and Maintaining all other Jointly-Owned Program Patents not provided for above.

Other Matters Pertaining to Prosecution and Maintenance of Patents.

Each Party will keep the other Party informed through the JPC as to material developments with respect to the Prosecution and Maintenance of the Product-Specific Patents or Jointly-Owned Program Patents for which such Party has responsibility for Prosecution and Maintenance pursuant to Section 8.3.1 or this Section 8.3.2, including by providing copies of any office actions or office action responses or other correspondence that such Party provides to or receives from any patent office, including notice of all interferences, reissues, re-examinations, inter partes reviews, post-grant reviews, oppositions or requests for patent term extensions, and all patent-related filings, and by providing the other Party the timely opportunity to have reasonable input into the strategic aspects of such Prosecution and Maintenance.

If Novartis elects (i) not to file and prosecute patent applications for a Patent Right Novartis is responsible for Prosecuting and Maintaining under Section 8.3.1 above (“Novartis-Prosecuted Patents”) in a particular country, (ii) not to continue the prosecution (including any interferences, oppositions, reissue proceedings, re-examinations, and patent term extensions, adjustments, and restorations) or maintenance of any Novartis-Prosecuted Patent in a particular country, or (iii) not to file and prosecute patent applications for the Novartis-Prosecuted Patent in a particular country following a written request from Akcea to file and prosecute in such country, then Novartis will so notify Akcea promptly in writing of its intention (including a reasonably detailed rationale for doing so) in good time to enable Akcea to meet any deadlines by which an action must be taken to establish or preserve any such Patent Right in such country; and Akcea will have the right, but not the obligation, to file, prosecute, maintain, enforce, or otherwise pursue such Novartis-Prosecuted Patent in the applicable country at its own expense with counsel of its own choice. In such a case, Novartis will cooperate with Akcea to file for, or continue to Prosecute and Maintain or enforce, or otherwise pursue such Novartis-Prosecuted Patent in such country in Akcea’s own name, but only to the extent that Novartis is not required to take any position with respect to such abandoned Novartis-Prosecuted Patent that would be reasonably likely to adversely affect the scope, validity or enforceability of any of the other Patent Rights being prosecuted and maintained by Novartis under this Agreement. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, if Akcea assumes responsibility for the Prosecution and Maintenance of any such Novartis-Prosecuted Patent under this Section 8.3.2(b), Akcea will have no obligation to notify Novartis if Akcea intends to abandon such Novartis-Prosecuted Patent.

The Parties, through the JPC, will cooperate in good faith to determine if and when any divisional or continuation applications will be filed with respect to any Jointly-Owned Program Patents or Product-Specific Patents, and where a divisional or continuation patent application filing would be practical and reasonable, then such a divisional or continuation filing will be made.

If the Party responsible for Prosecution and Maintenance pursuant to Section 8.3.1 intends to abandon a Jointly-Owned Program Patent without first filing a continuation or substitution, then such Party will notify the other Party of such intention at least [***] ([***]) calendar days before such Jointly-Owned Program Patent will become abandoned, and such other Party will have the right, but not the obligation, to assume responsibility for the Prosecution and Maintenance thereof at its own expense (subject to Section 8.4) with counsel of its own choice, in which case the abandoning Party will, and will cause its Affiliates to, assign to the other Party (or, if such assignment is not possible, grant a fully-paid exclusive license in) all of their rights, title and interest in and to such Jointly-Owned Program Patents. If a Party assumes responsibility for the Prosecution and Maintenance of any such Jointly-Owned Program Patents under this Section 8.3.2(d), such Party will have no obligation to notify the other Party of any intention of such Party to abandon such Jointly-Owned Program Patents.

Patent Costs. Except as set forth in Section 8.3.2 and this Section 8.4, each Party will be responsible for all Patent Costs incurred by such Party prior to and after the Effective Date in all countries designated by it in the Prosecution and Maintenance of Patent Rights for which such Party is responsible under ARTICLE 8. Unless the Parties agree otherwise, the following Patent Costs will be paid by the Parties as follows:

Akcea and Novartis will [***] the Patent Costs associated with the Prosecution and Maintenance of each Akcea Special Product-Specific Patent with each Party’s share of such Patent Costs calculated based on the [***]; and

Akcea and Novartis will [***] the Patent Costs associated with the Prosecution and Maintenance of Jointly-Owned Program Patents;

Defense of Claims Brought by Third Parties; Oppositions.

AKCEA-APO(a)-L_Rx and AKCEA-APOCIII-L_Rx – Prior to Option Exercise. If a Third Party initiates a Proceeding claiming a Patent Right owned by or licensed to such Third Party is infringed by the Development, Manufacture or Commercialization of any Product with respect to which Novartis has not yet exercised its Option, Akcea will have the first right, but not the obligation, to defend against any such Proceeding at its sole cost and expense. If Akcea elects to defend against such Proceeding, then Akcea will have the sole right to direct the defense and to elect whether to settle such claim.

AKCEA-APO(a)-L_Rx and AKCEA-APOCIII-L_Rx – After Option Exercise. If a Third Party initiates a Proceeding claiming a Patent Right owned by or licensed to such Third Party is infringed by the Development, Manufacture or Commercialization of any Product being Developed or Commercialized by Novartis under a license granted under Section 5.1, then Novartis will have the first right, but not the obligation, to defend against any such Proceeding at its sole cost and expense. If Novartis elects to defend against such Proceeding, then Novartis will have the sole right to direct the defense and to elect whether to settle such claim (but only with the prior written consent of Akcea, not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed). Akcea will reasonably assist Novartis in defending such Proceeding and cooperate in any such litigation at Novartis’ request and expense. Novartis will keep Akcea apprised of the progress of such Proceeding. If Novartis elects not to defend against a Proceeding, then Novartis will so notify Akcea in writing within [***] ([***]) calendar days after Novartis first receives written notice of the initiation of such Proceeding, and Akcea will have the right, but not the obligation, to defend against such a Proceeding at its sole cost and expense and thereafter Akcea will have the sole right to direct the defense thereof, including the right to settle such claim (but only with the prior written consent of Novartis, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned). In any event, the Party not defending such Proceeding will reasonably assist the other Party and cooperate in any such litigation at defending Party’s request and expense. Each Party may at its own expense and with its own counsel join any defense initiated or directed by the other Party under this Section 8.5. Each Party will provide the other Party with prompt written notice of the commencement of any such Proceeding under this Section 8.5, and such Party will promptly furnish the other Party with a copy of each communication relating to the alleged infringement that is received by such Party.

Interferences, Reissues, Re-Examinations and Oppositions. If a Third Party initiates a Proceeding related to an interference, reissue, re-examination or opposition of an Akcea Product-Specific Patent, then (A) if such Proceeding occurs prior to Option exercise (or after Option exercise with respect to an Akcea Special Product-Specific Patent), Akcea will have the right, but not the obligation, to control the defense of such Proceeding as Akcea determines in Akcea’s sole discretion, and (B) if such Proceeding occurs after Option exercise and does not involve an Akcea Special Product-Specific Patent, Novartis will, at Novartis’ expense, by written notice to Akcea either (i) control the defense of such Proceeding solely to the extent such Proceeding relates to an interference, reissue, re-examination or opposition of an Akcea Product-Specific Patent that is not an Akcea Special Product-Specific Patent, or (ii) have Akcea control the defense of such Proceeding, provided if Novartis makes no such election within a reasonable period of time, then Akcea will have the right, but not the obligation, to control the defense of such Proceeding and Akcea and Novartis will evenly split the cost of such defense. If Akcea elects not to defend against such a Proceeding under (A) in this section above, then Akcea will so notify Novartis in writing within [***] ([***]) calendar days after Akcea first receives written notice of the initiation of such Proceeding, and Novartis will have the right, but not the obligation, to defend against such Proceeding at its sole cost and expense and thereafter Novartis will have the sole right to direct the defense thereof, including the right to settle such claim (but only with the prior written consent of Akcea, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned). In any event, the Party not defending such Proceeding will reasonably assist the other Party and cooperate in any such litigation at the defending Party’s request and expense. Each Party may at its own expense and with its own counsel join any defense initiated or directed by the other Party under this Section 8.5. Each Party will provide the other Party with prompt written notice of the commencement of any such Proceeding under this Section 8.5, and such Party will promptly furnish the other Party with a copy of each communication relating to the alleged infringement that is received by such Party.

Enforcement of Patents Against Competitive Infringement. With respect to infringement, unauthorized use, misappropriation or threatened infringement by a Third Party of any Akcea Product-Specific Patents by reason of the development, manufacture, use or commercialization of a product that binds to an Exclusive Target (“Competitive Infringement”), prior to the date Novartis exercises its applicable Option under this Agreement (or after Option exercise with respect to an Akcea Special Product-Specific Patent), Akcea will have the sole right, but not the obligation, to institute, prosecute, and control a Proceeding with respect thereto. With respect to any Competitive Infringement involving an Akcea Licensed Patent that is not an Akcea Special Product-Specific Patent that occurs after the date Novartis exercises its applicable Option under this Agreement, the Parties will handle such Competitive Infringement in accordance with the remainder of this Section 8.6.

Duty to Notify of Competitive Infringement. If either Party learns of a Competitive Infringement by a Third Party, such Party will promptly notify the other Party in writing and will provide such other Party with available evidence of such Competitive Infringement; provided, however, that for cases of Competitive Infringement under Section 8.6.6 below, such written notice will be given within [***] ([***]) calendar days.

Control of Competitive Infringement Proceedings. For any Competitive Infringement involving an Akcea Product-Specific Patent that is not an Akcea Special Product-Specific Patent for a Product licensed to Novartis under Section 5.1 that occurs after Novartis exercises its Option for such Product, so long as part of such Proceeding Novartis also enforces any Patent Rights Controlled by Novartis being infringed that Cover such Product, then Novartis will have the first right, but not the obligation, to institute, prosecute, and control a Proceeding with respect thereto by counsel of its own choice at its own expense, and Akcea will have the right, at its own expense, to be represented in that action by counsel of its own choice, however, Novartis will have the right to control such litigation. If Novartis fails to initiate a Proceeding within a period of [***] ([***]) calendar days after receipt of written notice of such Competitive Infringement (subject to a [***] ([***]) calendar days extension to conclude negotiations, if Novartis has commenced good faith negotiations with an alleged infringer for elimination of such Competitive Infringement within such [***] calendar day period), Akcea will have the right to initiate and control a Proceeding with respect to such Competitive Infringement by counsel of its own choice, and Novartis will have the right to be represented in any such action by counsel of its own choice at its own expense.

Joinder; Cooperation.

If a Party initiates a Proceeding in accordance with this Section 8.6, the other Party agrees to be joined as a party plaintiff where necessary and to give the first Party reasonable assistance and authority to file and prosecute the Proceeding. Subject to Section 8.6.4, the costs and expenses of each Party incurred pursuant to this Section 8.6.3(a) will be borne by the Party initiating such Proceeding; provided Novartis will only be requested to join such a Proceeding if such Proceeding relates to a Patent Right or Product licensed to Novartis under Section 5.1.

If one Party initiates a Proceeding in accordance with this Section 8.6.3, the other Party may join such Proceeding as a party plaintiff where necessary for such other Party to seek lost profits with respect to such infringement.

Share of Recoveries. Any damages or other monetary awards recovered with respect to a Proceeding brought pursuant to Section 8.5 or this Section 8.6 will be shared as follows:

the amount of such recovery will first be applied to the Parties’ reasonable out-of-pocket costs incurred in connection with such Proceeding (which amounts will be allocated pro rata if insufficient to cover the totality of such expenses); then

any remaining proceeds will be allocated as follows: (A) prior to Option exercise, to [***], and (B) after Option exercise, (x) if Novartis initiates or controls the defense of the Proceeding pursuant to Section 8.5.2 or Section 8.6.2, [***], or (y) if Akcea initiates or controls the defense of the Proceeding, [***] will receive and retain the remaining proceeds.

Settlement. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this ARTICLE 8, neither Party may enter a settlement, consent judgment or other voluntary final disposition of a suit under this ARTICLE 8 that disclaims, limits the scope of, admits the invalidity or unenforceability of, or grants a license, covenant not to sue or similar immunity under a Patent Right Controlled by the other Party without first obtaining the written consent of the Party that Controls the relevant Patent Right.

35 USC 271(e)(2) Infringement. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 8.6, for a Competitive Infringement under 35 USC 271(e)(2), the time period set forth in Section 8.6.2 during which a Party will have the initial right to bring a Proceeding will be shortened to a total of twenty five (25) calendar days, so that, to the extent the other Party has the right, pursuant to such Section to initiate a Proceeding if the first Party does not initiate a Proceeding, such other Party will have such right if the first Party does not initiate a Proceeding within [***] ([***]) calendar days after such first Party’s receipt of written notice of such Competitive Infringement.

Other Infringement - Jointly-Owned Program Patents. With respect to the infringement of a Jointly-Owned Program Patent which is not a Competitive Infringement, the Parties will cooperate in good faith to bring suit together against such infringing party or the Parties may decide to permit one Party to solely bring suit. Any damages or other monetary awards recovered with respect to a Proceeding brought pursuant to this Section 8.7 will be shared as follows: (i) the amount of such recovery will first be applied to the Parties’ reasonable out-of-pocket costs incurred in connection with such Proceeding (which amounts will be allocated pro rata if insufficient to cover the totality of such expenses); (ii) (A) if the Parties jointly initiate a Proceeding pursuant to this Section 8.7, each Party will retain or receive 50% of such remaining proceeds; and (B) if only one Party initiates the Proceeding pursuant to this Section 8.7, such Party will retain or receive such remaining proceeds.  Notwithstanding the provision of Section 8.6.4. the remaining proceeds contemplated under this section, if retained by Novartis, shall not be treated as if it were Net Sales,

Patent Listing. Novartis will promptly, accurately and completely list, with the applicable Regulatory Authorities during the Agreement Term, all applicable Orange Book Patents. Prior to such listings, the Parties will meet, through the JPC, to evaluate and identify all applicable Patent Rights, and Novartis will have the right to review, where reasonable, original records relating to any invention for which Patent Rights are being considered by the JPC for any such listing. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, Novartis will retain final decision-making authority as to [***] for a Product that [***], regardless of which Party owns such [***].

Joint Research Agreement under the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act. If a Party intends to invoke its rights under 35 U.S.C. § 102(c) of the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, it will notify the other Party and neither Party will make an election under such provision when exercising its rights under this ARTICLE 8 without the prior written consent of the other Party (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), and the Parties will use reasonable efforts to cooperate and coordinate their activities with such Party with respect to any submissions, filings or other activities in support thereof. The Parties acknowledge and agree that this Agreement is a “joint research agreement” as defined in 35 U.S.C. § 100(h).

Obligations to Third Parties. Notwithstanding any of the foregoing, each Party’s rights and obligations with respect to Licensed Technology under this ARTICLE 8 will be subject to the restrictions set forth in Section 5.5, provided, however, that, to the extent that Akcea has a non-transferable right to prosecute, maintain or enforce any Patent Rights licensed to Novartis hereunder and, this Agreement purports to grant any such rights to Novartis, Akcea will act in such regard with respect to such Patent Rights at Novartis’ direction.

Additional Rights and Exceptions. Other than as set forth in this ARTICLE 8, Akcea retains the sole right to (i) commence, control, prosecute and settle any Proceeding involving Volanesorsen, and (ii) Prosecute and Maintain (A) Akcea Special Product-Specific Patents, (B) Akcea Core Technology Patents, and (C) Akcea Manufacturing and Analytical Patents during the Agreement Term and to control any enforcement of Akcea Special Product-Specific Patents, Akcea Core Technology Patents and Akcea Manufacturing and Analytical Patents, and will take the lead on such enforcement solely to the extent that the scope or validity of any Patent Rights Controlled by Akcea and Covering Akcea Special Product-Specific Patents, the Akcea Core Technology Patents or Akcea Manufacturing and Analytical Patents is at risk.

Patent Term Extension. The Parties will cooperate with each other in gaining patent term extension wherever applicable to a Product, and Novartis will determine which Akcea Product-Specific Patents (other than Akcea Special Product-Specific Patents) will be extended.

Representations and Warranties of Both Parties. Each Party hereby represents and warrants as of the Effective Date (and covenants as applicable) to the other Party that:

it is a corporation duly organized, validly existing, and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation;

It has the power and authority and the legal right to enter into this Agreement and perform its obligations hereunder, and that it has taken all necessary action on its part required to authorize the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the performance of its obligations hereunder;

this Agreement has been duly executed and delivered on behalf of such Party and constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of such Party and is enforceable against it in accordance with its terms subject to the effects of bankruptcy, insolvency or other laws of general application affecting the enforcement of creditor rights and judicial principles affecting the availability of specific performance and general principles of equity, whether enforceability is considered a proceeding at law or equity;

other than compliance with the HSR Act for the exercised Options granted hereunder, all necessary consents, approvals and authorizations of all Regulatory Authorities and other parties required to be obtained by such Party in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the performance of its obligations hereunder have been obtained;

the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the performance of such Party’s obligations hereunder (a) do not conflict with or violate any requirement of Applicable Law or any provision of the certificate of incorporation, bylaws or any similar instrument of such Party, as applicable, and (b) do not conflict with, violate, or breach or constitute a default or require any consent not already obtained under, any contractual obligation or court or administrative order by which such Party is bound;

all employees, consultants, or (sub)contractors (except academic collaborators or Third Parties under material transfer agreements) of such Party or Affiliates performing development activities hereunder on behalf of such Party will be obligated to assign all right, title and interest in and to any inventions developed by them, whether or not patentable, to such Party or Affiliate, respectively, as the sole owner thereof;

(i) neither such Party nor, to the actual knowledge of such Party, any employee, agent or subcontractor of such Party involved or to be involved in the Development of the Products has been debarred under Subsection (a) or (b) of Section 306 of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 335a); (ii) no Person who is known by such Party to have been debarred under Subsection (a) or (b) of Section 306 of said Act will be employed by such Party in the performance of any activities hereunder; and (iii) to the actual knowledge of such Party, no Person on any of the FDA clinical investigator enforcement lists (including, but not limited to, the (1) Disqualified/Totally Restricted List, (2) Restricted List and (3) Adequate Assurances List) will participate in the performance of any activities hereunder;

during the term of this Agreement, neither Party nor any of its Affiliates shall disclose any Confidential Information of the other Party relating to any Product to any Third Party if such disclosure would fundamentally frustrate the purpose of this Agreement;

Akcea has taken reasonable precautions, and during the term of this Agreement each Party will take reasonable precautions, to preserve the confidentiality of the Licensed Know-How, including requiring each Person having access to the Licensed Know-How to be subject to confidentiality, non-use, and non-disclosure obligations protecting the Licensed Know-How as the confidential, proprietary materials and information of Akcea;

there are no claims pending or, to each Party’s Knowledge, threatened against such Party or any of its Affiliates, nor is such Party or any of its Affiliates a party to any judgment or settlement, that would be reasonably expected to adversely affect or restrict the ability of such Party to consummate any of the transactions contemplated under this Agreement or to perform any of its obligations under this Agreement, or which would affect any of the Licensed Technology, including the Licensed Patents, or Akcea’s Control thereof, or any Product;

all non-clinical and clinical studies and trials conducted by a Party on AKCEA-APO(a)-L_Rx and AKCEA-APOCIII-L_Rx, have been and will be conducted in accordance with Applicable Law and, as applicable, GLP and GCP;

except for any activities Akcea is obligated to conduct under the Prior Agreements as in effect on the Effective Date, each Party does not and during the term of this Agreement will not conduct any activities which would violate ARTICLE 4; and

Each Party and its Affiliates have conducted and will conduct their business in compliance with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, the UK Bribery Act of 2010 and any other applicable anti-corruption Laws.

Representations, Warranties and Covenants of Akcea. Akcea hereby represents and warrants as of the Effective Date and any applicable bring-down date under Section 1.2.4 (and covenants as applicable) to Novartis that:

Except for certain Akcea Core Technology Patents noted in Appendix 4 that are jointly-owned by Ionis and Novartis, Akcea or Ionis is the sole and exclusive owner or exclusive licensee of, and has the right to grant all rights and licenses it purports to grant to Novartis with respect to, the Licensed Technology, including the Licensed Patents, in each case under this Agreement for AKCEA-APO(a)-L_Rx and AKCEA-APOCIII-L_Rx, free and clear of all liens, claims, security interests or other encumbrances of any kind (including prior license grants other than under the Akcea In-License Agreements) that would interfere, or the exercise of which would interfere, with Novartis’s exercise of any license or right granted, or that may be granted, hereunder;

Except for certain Akcea Core Technology Patents noted in Appendix 4 that are jointly-owned by Ionis and Novartis, Akcea or Ionis is listed in the records of the appropriate governmental agencies as the sole and exclusive owner of record or exclusive licensee for each registration, grant and application included in the Licensed Patents;

the Licensed Technology was not and will not be funded by the U.S. federal government or otherwise subject to any rights of the U.S. federal government under the Bayh-Dole Act;

all Licensed Patents have been filed, prosecuted and maintained properly and correctly in all material respects;

neither Akcea nor any of its Affiliates has previously entered into, or during the term of this Agreement will enter into, any agreement, whether written or oral, with respect to, or has otherwise assigned, transferred, licensed, conveyed or otherwise encumbered, or during the term of this Agreement will otherwise assign, transfer, license, convey or otherwise encumber, any portion of its right, title or interest in or to, the Licensed Technology (including by granting any covenant not to sue with respect thereto) in such a way as to make the representation set forth in Section 9.2.1 not true;

each Akcea Product-Specific Patent and, to Akcea’s Knowledge, each of the other Licensed Patents, properly identifies each and every inventor of the claims thereof as determined in accordance with the laws of the jurisdiction in which such Patent Right is issued or such application is pending;

to Akcea’s Knowledge, the issued patents in the Licensed Patents are valid and enforceable without any claims, challenges, oppositions, nullity actions, interferences, inter-partes reexaminations, inter-partes reviews, post-grant reviews, derivation proceedings or other proceedings pending or threatened;

to Akcea’s Knowledge, neither Akcea nor any of its Affiliates has committed any act, or omitted to commit any act, that may cause the Licensed Patents to expire prematurely or be declared invalid or unenforceable;

all application, registration, maintenance and renewal fees in respect of the Licensed Patents existing as of the Effective Date have been paid and all necessary documents and certificates have been filed with the relevant agencies for the purpose of maintaining such Licensed Patents;

as of the Effective Date, neither Akcea nor any of its Affiliates has received any written Claim alleging that any of the Licensed Technology is invalid or unenforceable;

where Akcea’s or its Affiliates’ ownership of any of the Licensed Technology is based upon or depends on a sequence of historical transfers of title to any of the Licensed Technology (i.e., chain of title to the applicable Licensed Technology) being valid, effective and free from defects and other problems, if at any time there is a potential defect with the validity or effectiveness in such transfers or other problems in such chain of title, then Akcea and its Affiliates shall, at their expense, with urgency and diligence, use reasonable efforts to make any and all corrections and clarifications, including preparing any documents and obtaining any necessary Third Party signatures and consents, as may be necessary, including filing such documents in any patent office as appropriate, to remedy any such problems and to restore such chain of title;

as of the Effective Date, Akcea has not received any written claim alleging that any of Akcea’s activities relating to AKCEA-APO(a)-L_Rx or AKCEA-APOCIII-L_Rx infringes or misappropriates any intellectual property rights of a Third Party;

(i) the licenses granted to Akcea under the Akcea In-License Agreements are in full force and effect, (ii) Akcea has not received any written notice, and is not aware, of any breach by any party to the Akcea In-License Agreements, and (iii) Akcea’s performance of its obligations under this Agreement (including the Pre-Option Development Plan as it exists on the Effective Date) will not constitute a breach of Akcea’s obligations under the Akcea In-License Agreements or the licenses granted to Akcea thereunder;

to Akcea’s Knowledge, in respect of the pending United States patent applications included in the Licensed Patents, Akcea or its Affiliates have submitted all material prior art of which it or they are aware in accordance with the requirements of the United States Patent and Trademark Office;

to Akcea’s Knowledge, (i) there are no rights of any Person that may be infringed, misappropriated or violated by any of the activities specifically anticipated by Akcea as of the Effective Date to be performed under this Agreement, and (ii) the manufacture (as manufactured by Akcea or its Affiliate), use and sale of each Product in the product presentation existing on the Execution Date does not and will not infringe any of Akcea’s or any Third Party’s Patent Rights, Know-How or other intellectual property rights; Provided that Novartis cannot assert a claim against Akcea for breach of this Section 9.2.15 related to any Third Party Patent Rights Novartis has Knowledge of as of the Effective Date;

Akcea has not used, and during the term of this Agreement will not knowingly use in the Development, Manufacture or Commercialization of any Product any Know-How that is encumbered by any contractual right of or obligation to a Third Party that conflicts or interferes with any of the rights or licenses granted or that may be granted to Novartis hereunder;

As of the Effective Date, neither Akcea or any of its Affiliates has granted any right or license to practice any Know-How related to, or Patent Rights that Cover, the Development, Manufacture or Commercialization of any Product that conflicts or interferes with any of the rights or licenses granted or that may be granted to Novartis hereunder;

As of the Effective Date, neither Akcea nor any of its Affiliates has initiated or been involved in any Claim in which it has alleged that any Third Party is or was infringing or misappropriating any Licensed Technology, nor has any such Claim been threatened by Akcea or any of its Affiliates, nor do Akcea or any of its Affiliates know of any valid basis for any such Claim;

except for the Akcea In-License Agreements, as of the Effective Date, there are no agreements pursuant to which Akcea or any of its Affiliates has in-licensed or otherwise acquired the right to practice any Know-How related to, or Patent Rights that Cover, the Development, Manufacture or Commercialization of any Product;

to Akcea’s Knowledge, no officer, employee or consultant of Akcea or any of its Affiliates is, or during the term of this Agreement will be, subject to any agreement that requires such individual to assign any interest in any Licensed Technology to any Third Party;

the Patents listed in Appendices 4, 5 and 6 are a complete and correct listing of the relevant Akcea Core Technology Patents, Akcea Manufacturing and Analytical Patents, and Akcea Product Specific Patents which are owned or otherwise Controlled by Akcea;

other than the Akcea Core Technology Patents, Akcea Manufacturing and Analytical Patents, and Akcea Product Specific Patents, no other Patent Rights are owned by or licensed to Akcea or any of its Affiliates as of the Effective Date that are necessary or reasonably useful for the Development, Manufacture or Commercialization of a Product;

Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, Akcea or its Affiliate shall be and remain solely responsible for fulfilling and performing at its cost and expense, any and all obligations under each Akcea In-License Agreement, including timely, full and complete payment of any and all amounts due thereunder or in connection therewith to the other parties thereto;

Akcea shall not, and shall cause its Affiliates not to, incur or permit to exist, with respect to any Licensed Technology, any lien, encumbrance, charge, security interest, mortgage, liability, assignment, grant of license or other obligation that is or would be inconsistent with the licenses and other rights granted to, or that may be granted to, Novartis under this Agreement;

Akcea shall not enter into any amendment to any Akcea In-License Agreement that adversely affects any rights granted to, or that may be granted to, Novartis hereunder without the prior written consent of Novartis;

Akcea will promptly furnish Novartis with true and complete copies of all amendments to the Akcea In-License Agreements arising after the Effective Date;

Akcea will remain, and cause its Affiliates to remain, in compliance in all material respects with all Akcea In-License Agreements; and

Akcea will furnish Novartis with copies of all notices received by Akcea or any of its Affiliates relating to any alleged breach or default by Akcea or any of its Affiliates under any Akcea In-License Agreement within seven (7) calendar days after receipt thereof and thereafter furnish Novartis with copies of all correspondence and summaries of material discussions between the applicable parties to the Akcea In-License Agreement relating to the alleged breach, including any proposed resolution of the matter.

DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY. EXCEPT FOR THE EXPRESS WARRANTIES SET FORTH IN THIS ARTICLE 9, NOVARTIS AND AKCEA MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS AND GRANT NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, EITHER IN FACT OR BY OPERATION OF LAW, BY STATUTE OR OTHERWISE, AND NOVARTIS AND AKCEA EACH SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTIES, WHETHER WRITTEN OR ORAL, OR EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF QUALITY, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE OR PURPOSE OR ANY WARRANTY AS TO THE VALIDITY OF ANY PATENT RIGHTS OR THE NON-INFRINGEMENT OF ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF THIRD PARTIES.

Indemnification by Novartis. Novartis agrees to defend Akcea, its Affiliates and their respective directors, officers, employees and their respective successors, heirs and assigns (collectively, the “Akcea Indemnitees”), and will indemnify and hold harmless the Akcea Indemnitees, from and against any liabilities, losses, costs, damages, fees or expenses payable to a Third Party, and reasonable attorneys’ fees and other legal expenses with respect thereto (collectively, “Losses”) arising out of any claim, action, lawsuit or other proceeding by a Third Party (collectively, “Third Party Claims”) brought against any Akcea Indemnitee and resulting from or occurring as a result of: (a) any activities conducted by a Novartis employee, consultant, Affiliate, Sublicensee, or (sub)contractor in the performance of the activities Novartis agrees to perform under this Agreement, including, the Manufacture, Development or Commercialization of any Product, or (b) any breach by Novartis of any of its representations, warranties or covenants pursuant to this Agreement; except in any such case to the extent such Losses result from: (i) the negligence or willful misconduct of any Akcea Indemnitee, (ii) any breach by Akcea of any of its representations, warranties, covenants or obligations pursuant to this Agreement, or (iii) any breach of Applicable Law by any Akcea Indemnitee, and provided that Novartis shall not be obliged to so indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Akcea Indemnities for any claims for which Akcea has an obligation to indemnify Novartis Indemnities pursuant to Section 10.2.

Indemnification by Akcea. Akcea agrees to defend Novartis, its Affiliates and their respective directors, officers, employees and their respective successors, heirs and assigns (collectively, the “Novartis Indemnitees”), and will indemnify and hold harmless the Novartis Indemnitees, from and against any Losses arising out of Third Party Claims brought against any Novartis Indemnitee and resulting from or occurring as a result of: (a) any activities that an Akcea employee, consultant, Affiliate, Sublicensee, or (sub)contractor has undertaken in respect of Products either prior to the Effective Date or outside the scope of this Agreement, or in the performance of the activities Akcea agreed to perform under this Agreement, including, the Manufacture, Development or Commercialization of any Product or Terminated Product, or (b) any breach by Akcea of any of its representations, warranties or covenants pursuant to this Agreement; except in any such case to the extent such Losses result from: (i) the negligence or willful misconduct of any Novartis Indemnitee, (ii) any breach by Novartis of any of its representations, warranties, covenants or obligations pursuant to this Agreement, or (iii) any breach of Applicable Law by any Novartis Indemnitee, and provided that Akcea  shall not be obliged to so indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Novartis Indemnities for any claims for which Novartis has an obligation to indemnify Akcea Indemnities pursuant to Section 10.1.

Notice of Claim.  All indemnification claims provided for in Section 10.1 or Section 10.2 will be made solely by such Party to this Agreement (the “Indemnified Party”). The Indemnified Party will give the indemnifying Party prompt written notice (an “Indemnification Claim Notice”) of any Losses or the discovery of any fact upon which the Indemnified Party intends to base a request for indemnification under Section 10.1 or Section 10.2, but in no event will the indemnifying Party be liable for any Losses to the extent such Losses result from any delay in providing such notice. The failure or delay to so notify the Indemnified Party shall not relieve the indemnifying Party of any obligation or liability to the Indemnified Party, except to the extent that the indemnifying Party demonstrates that its ability to defend or resolve such Claim is adversely affected as a result of such failure or delay.  Each Indemnification Claim Notice must contain a description of the claim and the nature and amount of such Loss (to the extent that the nature and amount of such Loss is known at such time). The Indemnified Party will furnish promptly to the indemnifying Party copies of all papers and official documents received or sent in respect of any Losses and Third Party Claims.

Defense, Settlement, Cooperation and Expenses.

Control of the Defense. At its option, the indemnifying Party may assume the defense and handling of any Third Party Claim by giving written notice to the Indemnified Party within [***] ([***]) calendar days after the indemnifying Party’s receipt of an Indemnification Claim Notice. The assumption and handling of the defense of a Third Party Claim by the indemnifying Party shall not be construed as an acknowledgment that the indemnifying Party is liable to indemnify the Indemnified Party in respect of the Third Party Claim, nor shall it constitute a waiver by the indemnifying Party of any defenses it may assert against the Indemnified Party’s claim for indemnification. Upon assuming the defense of a Third Party Claim, the indemnifying Party may appoint as lead counsel in the defense of the Third Party Claim any legal counsel selected by the indemnifying Party. If the indemnifying Party assumes the defense of a Third Party Claim, the Indemnified Party will as soon as is reasonably possible deliver to the indemnifying Party all original notices and documents (including court papers) received or sent by the Indemnified Party in connection with the Third Party Claim. Should the indemnifying Party assume the defense of a Third Party Claim, except as provided in this Section 10.4.1, the Indemnified Party will be responsible for the legal costs or expenses subsequently incurred by such Indemnified Party in connection with the analysis, defense or settlement of the Third Party Claim.

Right to Participate in Defense. Without limiting Section 10.4.1, any Indemnified Party will be entitled to participate in, but not control, the defense of such Third Party Claim and to employ counsel of its choice for such purpose; provided, however, that such employment will be at the Indemnified Party’s own cost and expense unless (a) the employment thereof has been specifically authorized by the indemnifying Party in writing, (b) the indemnifying Party has failed to assume the defense and employ counsel in accordance with Section 10.4.1 (in which case the Indemnified Party will control the defense), or (c) the interests of the Indemnified Party and the indemnifying Party with respect to such Third Party Claim are sufficiently adverse to prohibit the representation by the same counsel of both Parties under Applicable Law, ethical rules or equitable principles in which case the indemnifying Party will be responsible for any such costs and expenses of counsel for the Indemnified Party.

Settlement. With respect to any Third Party Claims relating solely to the payment of money damages in connection with a Third Party Claim and that will not admit liability or violation of Law on the part of the Indemnified Party or result in the Indemnified Party’s becoming subject to injunctive or other relief or otherwise adversely affecting the business of the Indemnified Party in any manner (such as granting a license or admitting the invalidity of a Patent Right Controlled by an Indemnified Party), and as to which the indemnifying Party will have acknowledged in writing the obligation to indemnify the Indemnified Party hereunder, the indemnifying Party will have the sole right to consent to the entry of any judgment, enter into any settlement or otherwise dispose of such Loss, on such terms as the indemnifying Party, in its sole discretion, will deem appropriate. With respect to all other Losses in connection with Third Party Claims, where the indemnifying Party has assumed the defense of the Third Party Claim in accordance with Section 10.4.1, the indemnifying Party will have authority to consent to the entry of any judgment, enter into any settlement or otherwise dispose of such Loss provided it obtains the prior written consent of the Indemnified Party (which consent will not be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned). The indemnifying Party will not be liable for any settlement, consent to entry of judgment, or other disposition of a Loss by an Indemnified Party that is reached without the written consent of the indemnifying Party. Regardless of whether the indemnifying Party chooses to defend or prosecute any Third Party Claim, no Indemnified Party will admit any liability with respect to or settle, compromise or discharge, any Third Party Claim without the prior written consent of the indemnifying Party, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned.

Cooperation. Regardless of whether the indemnifying Party chooses to defend or prosecute any Third Party Claim, the Indemnified Party will, and will cause each other Indemnified Party to, cooperate in the defense or prosecution thereof and will furnish such records, information and testimony, provide such witnesses and attend such conferences, discovery proceedings, hearings, trials and appeals as may be reasonably requested in connection therewith. Such cooperation will include access during normal business hours afforded to indemnifying Party to, and reasonable retention by the Indemnified Party of, records and information that are reasonably relevant to such Third Party Claim, and making Indemnified Parties and other employees and agents available on a mutually convenient basis to provide additional information and explanation of any material provided hereunder, and the indemnifying Party will reimburse the Indemnified Party for all its reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses in connection therewith.

Costs and Expenses. Except as provided above in this Section 10.4, the costs and expenses, including attorneys’ fees and expenses, incurred by the Indemnified Party in connection with any claim will be reimbursed on a Calendar Quarter basis by the indemnifying Party, without prejudice to the indemnifying Party’s right to contest the Indemnified Party’s right to indemnification and subject to refund in the event the indemnifying Party is ultimately held not to be obligated to indemnify the Indemnified Party.

Insurance.

Akcea’s Insurance Obligations. Akcea will maintain, at its cost, reasonable insurance against liability and other risks associated with its activities contemplated by this Agreement, including its indemnification obligations herein, in such amounts and on such terms as are customary for prudent practices for biotech companies of similar size and with similar resources in the pharmaceutical industry for the activities to be conducted by it under this Agreement taking into account the scope of development of Products.

Novartis’ Insurance Obligations. Novartis hereby represents and warrants to Akcea that it will maintain, at its cost, reasonable insurance against liability and other risks associated with its activities contemplated by this Agreement (including product liability), including its indemnification obligations herein, in such amounts and on such terms as are customary for prudent practices for large companies in the pharmaceutical industry for the activities to be conducted by Novartis under this Agreement.

LIMITATION OF CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES. EXCEPT FOR (A) THIRD PARTY CLAIMS THAT ARE SUBJECT TO INDEMNIFICATION UNDER THIS ARTICLE 10, (B) CLAIMS ARISING OUT OF A PARTY’S WILLFUL MISCONDUCT OR FRAUD UNDER THIS AGREEMENT, (C) A PARTY’S BREACH OF ARTICLE 4, (D) NOVARTIS’ BREACH OF SECTION 6.5, OR (E) CLAIMS ARISING OUT OF A PARTY’S BREACH OF ITS CONFIDENTIALITY OBLIGATIONS UNDER THIS AGREEMENT, NEITHER PARTY NOR ANY OF ITS AFFILIATES WILL BE LIABLE TO THE OTHER PARTY TO THIS AGREEMENT OR ITS AFFILIATES FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE OR OTHER INDIRECT DAMAGES OR LOST OR IMPUTED PROFITS OR ROYALTIES, LOST DATA OR COST OF PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES, WHETHER LIABILITY IS ASSERTED IN CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE AND STRICT PRODUCT LIABILITY), INDEMNITY OR CONTRIBUTION, AND IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER THAT PARTY OR ANY REPRESENTATIVE OF THAT PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF, OR OTHERWISE MIGHT HAVE ANTICIPATED THE POSSIBILITY OF, ANY SUCH LOSS OR DAMAGE.

Agreement Term; Expiration. This Section 11.1, ARTICLE 12 and ARTICLE 13 of this Agreement are effective as of the Execution Date and the remainder of this Agreement will become effective as of the Effective Date and, unless earlier terminated pursuant to the other provisions of this ARTICLE 11, will continue in full force and effect until this Agreement expires as follows:

where all Options have expired unexercised;

on a country-by-country and Product-by-Product basis, on the date of expiration of all payment obligations by Novartis under this Agreement with respect to such Product in such country; or

in its entirety upon the expiration of all payment obligations by Novartis under this Agreement with respect to the last Product in all countries pursuant to Section 11.1.2.

Termination of the Agreement.

Novartis’ Termination for Convenience. At any time following payment by Novartis of the Upfront Option Fee under Section 3.2, subject to Section 11.3 below, Novartis will be entitled to terminate this Agreement in its entirety or in part on a Product-by-Product basis for convenience by providing [***] ([***]) calendar days written notice to Akcea of such termination.

Termination for Material Breach.

Novartis’ Right to Terminate. If Novartis has reason to believe that Akcea is in material breach of this Agreement (other than with respect to a failure to use Commercially Reasonable Efforts under ARTICLE 1, which is governed by Section 11.2.3 below), then Novartis may deliver notice of such material breach to Akcea. If the breach is curable, Akcea will have [***] ([***]) calendar days to cure such breach. If Akcea fails to cure such breach within such [***] ([***]) calendar days period, or if the breach is not subject to cure, Novartis may terminate this Agreement in its entirety if such breach relates to this Agreement in its entirety, or in relevant part on a Product-by-Product basis if such breach does not relate to this Agreement in its entirety, by providing written notice to Akcea.

Akcea’s Right to Terminate. If Akcea has reason to believe that Novartis is in material breach of this Agreement (other than with respect to a failure to use Commercially Reasonable Efforts under ARTICLE 1 or ARTICLE 6, which is governed by Section 11.2.3 below), then Akcea may deliver notice of such material breach to Novartis. If the breach is curable, Novartis will have [***] ([***]) calendar days to cure such breach (except to the extent such breach involves the failure to make a payment when due, which breach must be cured within [***] ([***]) calendar days following such notice). If Novartis fails to cure such breach within such [***] ([***]) calendar day or [***] ([***]) calendar day period, as applicable, or if the breach is not subject to cure, Akcea may terminate this Agreement in its entirety if such breach relates to this Agreement in its entirety, or in relevant part on a Product-by-Product basis if such breach does not relate to this Agreement in its entirety, by providing written notice to Novartis.

Remedies for Failure to Use Commercially Reasonable Efforts.

If Akcea fails to use Commercially Reasonable Efforts as contemplated in ARTICLE 1 (as determined in accordance with Section 13.1), Novartis will notify Akcea and, within [***] ([***]) calendar days thereafter, Akcea and Novartis will meet through the CSC or JDCC (as applicable) and attempt to resolve the matter in good faith, and to devise a mutually agreeable plan to address any outstanding issues related to Akcea’s use of Commercially Reasonable Efforts in ARTICLE 1. Following such a meeting, if Akcea fails to use Commercially Reasonable Efforts as contemplated in ARTICLE 1 and such failure constitutes a material breach of this Agreement, then subject to Section 11.2.4 below, Novartis will have the right, at its sole discretion, to terminate this Agreement in whole or in part on a Product-by-Product basis.

If Novartis fails to use Commercially Reasonable Efforts as contemplated in ARTICLE 1 or ARTICLE 6 (as determined in accordance with Section 13.1), Akcea will notify Novartis and, within [***] ([***]) calendar days thereafter, Akcea and Novartis will meet and confer to discuss and resolve the matter in good faith, and attempt to devise a mutually agreeable plan to address any outstanding issues related to Novartis’ use of Commercially Reasonable Efforts in ARTICLE 1 or ARTICLE 6. Following such a meeting, if Novartis fails to use Commercially Reasonable Efforts as contemplated in ARTICLE 1 or ARTICLE 6, and such failure constitutes a material breach of this Agreement then subject to Section 11.2.4 below, Akcea will have the right, at its sole discretion, to terminate this Agreement in part on a Product-by-Product basis.

Disputes Regarding Material Breach. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Breaching Party in Section 11.2.2 or Section 11.2.3 disputes in good faith the existence, materiality, or failure to cure of any such breach which is not a payment breach, and provides notice to the Non-Breaching Party of such dispute within such [***] calendar day cure period or [***] calendar day notice period (as applicable), the Non-Breaching Party will not have the right to terminate this Agreement in accordance with Section 11.2.2 or Section 11.2.3, unless and until it has been determined in accordance with Section 13.1 that this Agreement was materially breached by the Breaching Party and the Breaching Party fails to cure such breach within [***] ([***]) calendar days following such determination. It is understood and acknowledged that during the pendency of such dispute, all the terms and conditions of this Agreement will remain in effect and the Parties will continue to perform all of their respective obligations hereunder, including satisfying any payment obligations.

Termination for Insolvency.

Either Party may terminate this Agreement if, at any time, the other Party files in any court or agency pursuant to any statute or regulation of any state or country a petition in bankruptcy or insolvency or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee of the Party or of substantially all of its assets; or if the other Party proposes a written agreement of composition or extension of substantially all of its debts; or if the other Party will be served with an involuntary petition against it, filed in any insolvency proceeding, and such petition will not be dismissed within [***] ([***]) calendar days after the filing thereof; or if the other Party will propose or be a party to any dissolution or liquidation; or if the other Party will make an assignment of substantially all of its assets for the benefit of creditors.

All rights and licenses granted under or pursuant to any section of this Agreement are and will otherwise be deemed to be for purposes of Section 365(n) of Title 11, United States Code (the “Bankruptcy Code”) or analogous provisions of Applicable Law outside the U.S. licenses of rights to “intellectual property” as defined in Section 101(56) of the Bankruptcy Code or analogous provisions of Applicable Law outside the U.S. The Parties will retain and may fully exercise all of their respective rights and elections under the Bankruptcy Code or analogous provisions of Applicable Law outside the U.S. Upon the commencement of a bankruptcy proceeding of any Party, the non-bankrupt Party will further be entitled to a complete duplicate of, or complete access to, any such intellectual property, and all embodiments which, if not already in its possession, will be promptly delivered to the non-bankrupt Party upon written request.

Termination for Patent Challenge. Akcea may terminate this Agreement if Novartis or its Affiliates disputes, or assists any Third Party to dispute, the validity of any Licensed Patent, in a patent re-examination, inter-partes review, post grant or other patent-office proceeding, opposition, litigation, or other court proceeding and, within [***] ([***]) calendar days written notice from Akcea, Novartis fails to rescind any and all of such actions, provided however that, nothing in this clause prevents Novartis or its Affiliates from taking any of the actions referred to in this clause and provided further that Akcea will not have the right to terminate if Novartis or its Affiliates:

asserts invalidity as a defense in any court proceeding brought by Akcea or its Affiliates asserting infringement of a Licensed Patent; or

Acquires a Third Party that has an existing challenge, whether in a court or administrative proceeding, against a Licensed Patent; or

licenses a product for which Akcea has an existing challenge, whether in a court or administrative proceeding, against a Licensed Patent.

Termination for Safety Issue. Each Party shall have the right to terminate this Agreement without any further obligations or liabilities towards the other Party (other than the consequences of termination set forth in Section 11.3 below), if, during the term of the Agreement, such Party delivers written notice to the other Party that such Party reasonably and in good faith has determined that the continued Development or Commercialization of such Product presents safety concerns that pose an unacceptable risk or threat of harm in humans, or (ii) would violate any Applicable Law, ethical principles, or principles of scientific integrity.

Consequences of Expiration or Termination of this Agreement.

Consequence of Termination of this Agreement. If this Agreement is terminated by a Party in accordance with Section 11.2 in its entirety or on a Product-by-Product basis at any time and for any reason, the following terms will apply to any such termination, but only to the extent of any such termination (i.e., with respect to the terminated Product (the “Terminated Product” and its Exclusive Target, the “Terminated Target”), or in its entirety):

Options. If not exercised prior to the date of termination, Novartis’ Option will terminate with respect to any Terminated Product.

Licenses. Any license granted by Akcea to Novartis under Section 5.1 will terminate. Novartis and its Affiliates and, subject to Section 5.2.3, its Sublicensees will cease selling Terminated Products under such licenses, unless Akcea elects to have Novartis continue to sell the applicable Terminated Product as part of the Transition Services under Section 11.3.4; provided, that (i) in any case, unless otherwise agreed by the Parties under Section 11.3.4, Novartis and its Affiliates and Sublicensees will have the right to sell any remaining inventory of Terminated Product over a period of no greater than [***] months after the effective date of such termination, Novartis will pay Akcea royalties in accordance with Section 7.8 on the Net Sales of such inventory of such Products, to the extent not already paid; and (ii) if there are any Clinical Studies being conducted at the date of termination, Novartis shall be entitled to continue Developing and Manufacturing Products to the extent and for the period necessary to effect an orderly transfer or wind down of such Clinical Studies in a timely manner and in accordance with all Applicable Laws.

Exclusivity. Neither Party will have any further obligations under ARTICLE 4 of this Agreement insofar as it relates to a Terminated Product and the Terminated Target.

Pre-Option Development Plan. Neither Party will have any further obligations with respect to the Terminated Product under the Pre-Option Development Plan.

Return of Information and Materials. The Parties will return (or destroy, as directed by the other Party) all data, files, records and other materials containing or comprising the other Party's Confidential Information to which it does not retain rights under the surviving provisions of this Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Parties will be permitted to retain one copy of such data, files, records, and other materials for archival and legal compliance purposes. Each Party will also be permitted to retain such additional copies of or any computer records or files containing the other Party's Confidential Information that have been created solely by automatic archiving and back-up procedures, to the extent created and retained in a manner consistent with the retaining Party’s standard archiving and back-up procedures, but not for any other use or purpose. All Confidential Information shall continue to be subject to the terms of this Agreement for the period set forth in ARTICLE 12.

Accrued Rights. Termination of this Agreement for any reason will be without prejudice to any rights or financial compensation that will have accrued to the benefit of a Party prior to such termination. Such termination will not relieve a Party from obligations that are expressly indicated to survive the termination of this Agreement. For purposes of clarification, milestone payments under ARTICLE 7 accrue as of the date the applicable milestone event is achieved even if the payment is not due at that time.

Survival. The following provisions of this Agreement will survive the expiration or earlier termination of this Agreement: Section 5.2.3 (Effect of Termination on Sublicenses); Section 5.3 (Consequences of Natural Expiration of this Agreement); Section 5.8 (Cross-Licenses Under Program Technology); Section 7.11.3 (Records Retention); Section 7.12 (Audits); Section 8.2.1 (Akcea Technology and Novartis Technology); Section 8.2.2 (Program Technology); Section 9.3 (Disclaimer of Warranty); ARTICLE 10 (Indemnification; Insurance); ARTICLE 11 (Term; Termination); ARTICLE 12 (Confidentiality); ARTICLE 13 (Miscellaneous); Appendix 1 (to the extent definitions are embodied in the foregoing listed Articles and Sections).

Akcea: Special Consequences of Certain Terminations. If (A) Novartis terminates the Agreement under Section 11.2.1 or Section 11.2.7 or (B) Akcea terminates this Agreement under Section 11.2.2(b), Section 11.2.3(b), Section 11.2.5, Section 11.2.6, or Section 11.2.7, then, in addition to the terms set forth in Section 11.3.1, the following additional terms will also apply but only with respect to the Terminated Product:

Novartis will and hereby does grant to Akcea:

a sublicensable, worldwide, exclusive license or sublicense, as the case may be, under all Novartis Technology (excluding Novartis Background Technology) Controlled by Novartis as of the date of such termination that Covers the Terminated Product as of such date;

a sublicensable, worldwide, non-exclusive royalty-bearing license or sublicense, as the case may be, under all Novartis Background Technology Controlled by Novartis as of the date of such termination that Covers the Terminated Product as of such date; provided, however, that Akcea will not sublicense to [***] any Novartis Background Know-How claiming or covering [***] without Novartis’ prior written consent (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned); and

in each case solely to Develop, make, have made, use, sell, offer for sale, have sold, import and otherwise Commercialize the Terminated Product. Novartis will execute confirmatory license grants of the licenses granted to Akcea under this Section 11.3.2(a) within [***] ([***]) calendar days following the effective date of termination.

Within [***] ([***]) calendar days following the date of termination, Novartis will deliver to Akcea for use with respect to the Development and Commercialization of the Terminated Product, any Know-How, data, results, regulatory information, pricing and market access strategy information, health economic study information, material communications with payors, regulatory filings in the possession of Novartis, or copies thereof, as of the date of such termination that relate solely to such Terminated Product;

Within [***] ([***]) calendar days following the date of termination, Novartis will grant to Akcea an exclusive, royalty-free, fully paid up license under any Trademarks that are specific to a Terminated Product solely for use with such Terminated Product;

Akcea will control and be responsible for all aspects of the Prosecution and Maintenance of all Akcea Product-Specific Patents and Jointly-Owned Program Patents and Novartis will provide Akcea with (and will instruct its counsel to provide Akcea with) all of the information and records in Novartis’ and its counsel’s possession related to the Prosecution and Maintenance of such Akcea Product-Specific Patents and Jointly-Owned Program Patents, in each case only in respect of the Terminated Product;

If requested by Akcea, Novartis will sell to Akcea all remaining API or Finished Drug Product in Novartis’ possession at a price equal to [***] (or [***]) at the time such material was [***]; and

Akcea may request Novartis to support (or cause to be supported by Novartis’ CMO) a technology transfer to Akcea (or Akcea’s designated Third Party supplier) of any technology, information and data reasonably related to Novartis’ or such CMO’s manufacturing and supply of API and/or Finished Drug Product for such Product, and if so requested, Novartis will, at no cost to Akcea for the first [***] hours of Novartis’ time, support (or cause to be supported by Novartis’ CMO) such a technology transfer and Novartis will (or will cause Novartis’ CMO to) continue to (i) provide reasonable support and cooperation with Akcea’s regulatory filings and interactions with Regulatory Authorities related to Novartis’ or such CMO’s API and/or Finished Drug Product manufacturing (including any required inspections), and (ii) supply (or cause to be supplied by Novartis’ CMO) API and/or Finished Drug Product to Akcea, at a price equal to [***] ([***]) at the time such material was [***], for a period of up to [***] ([***]) months to enable Akcea to identify and contract with a suitable Third Party API and/or Finished Drug Product manufacturer.

Novartis: Special Consequences of Certain Terminations. If Novartis terminates this Agreement under Section 11.2.2(a), Section 11.2.3(a) or Section 11.2.5, all of the provisions of Section 11.3.1 will apply, except that Novartis, its Affiliates, and Sublicensees will have the right to sell any remaining inventory of Product and Novartis will pay Akcea royalties in accordance with Section 7.8 on the Net Sales of such inventory of such Products to the extent not already paid (unless Akcea elects to have Novartis continue to sell the applicable Terminated Product as part of the Transition Services under Section 11.3.4 (in which case Akcea will own all revenue derived from the Product after the termination date)).

Transition Services.

In the case where (i) Novartis terminates the Agreement under Section 11.2.1 (Novartis’ Termination for Convenience) or Section 11.2.7 (Termination for Safety Issue), or (ii) Akcea terminates this Agreement under Section 11.2.2(b) (Akcea’s Right to Terminate), Section 11.2.3(b) (Remedies for Failure to Use Commercially Reasonable Efforts), or Section 11.2.6 (Termination for Patent Challenge) with respect to one or more Products, the Parties wish to provide a mechanism to ensure that patients who were being treated with the Product prior to such termination or who desire access to the Product can continue to have access to such Product while the regulatory and commercial responsibilities for the Product are transitioned from Novartis to Akcea. As such, Akcea may request Novartis perform transition services that are necessary or useful to (1) provide patients with continued access to the applicable Products, (2) enable Akcea (or Akcea’s designee) to assume and execute the responsibilities under all Regulatory Approvals and ongoing Clinical Studies for the applicable Product, and (3) ensure long-term continuity of supply for the Product (collectively, the “Transition Services”), including Transition Services related to commercial matters, patient continuity, medical affairs, government and managed care contracts, quality, and supply chain and manufacturing. The Parties shall negotiate in good faith a Transition Services agreement and Novartis shall use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to provide such Transition Services on terms to be mutually agreed upon between the Parties for a maximum duration of [***] months (unless agreed otherwise).

Confidentiality; Exceptions. Except to the extent expressly authorized by this Agreement or otherwise agreed in writing, the Parties agree that, during the Agreement Term and for five years thereafter, the receiving Party (the “Receiving Party”) and its Affiliates will keep confidential and will not publish or otherwise disclose or use for any purpose other than as provided for in this Agreement any Confidential Information disclosed by the other Party or its Affiliates (the “Disclosing Party”). Subject to the other provisions of this ARTICLE 12, each Party shall hold as confidential such Information of the other Party and its Affiliates in the same manner and with the same protection as such Receiving Party maintains its own Confidential Information.

Prior Confidentiality Agreement Superseded. As of the Effective Date, this Agreement supersedes the Confidential Disclosure Agreement executed by Ionis and Novartis on February 4, 2016 (including any and all amendments thereto). All information exchanged among Ionis, Akcea and Novartis under such Confidential Disclosure Agreement are deemed Confidential Information hereunder and subject to the terms of this ARTICLE 12.

Authorized Disclosure. Except as expressly provided otherwise in this Agreement, a Receiving Party or its Affiliates may use and disclose Confidential Information of the Disclosing Party to (i) employees, agents, contractors, consultants and advisors of the Receiving Party and its Affiliates, and sublicensees and to (ii) Third Parties to the extent reasonably necessary for the performance of its obligations or exercise of rights granted or reserved in this Agreement, in each case under confidentiality provisions no less restrictive than those in this Agreement.  In addition, a Receiving Party or its Affiliates may disclose Confidential Information of the Disclosing Party (i) to the extent reasonably necessary to file or prosecute patent, copyright and trademark applications (subject to Section 12.4 below), complying with applicable governmental regulations, obtaining Regulatory Approvals, conducting non-Clinical Studies or Clinical Studies, marketing a Product, or as otherwise required by applicable law, regulation, rule or legal process (including the rules of the SEC and any stock exchange); provided, however, that if a Receiving Party or any of its Affiliates is required by law or regulation to make any such disclosure of a Disclosing Party’s Confidential Information it will, except where impracticable for necessary disclosures, give reasonable advance notice to the Disclosing Party of such disclosure requirement and will use its reasonable efforts to secure confidential treatment of such Confidential Information required to be disclosed; (ii) on a need-to-know basis, in communication with actual or potential lenders, potential acquirers, investors, merger partners, consultants, or professional advisors, in each case under confidentiality provisions no less restrictive than those of this Agreement; (iii) to the extent such disclosure is required to comply with existing expressly stated contractual obligations owed to such Party’s or its Affiliates’ licensor with respect to any intellectual property licensed to the other Party under this Agreement; or (iv) as mutually agreed to in writing by the Parties.

Press Release; Publications; Disclosure of Agreement.

Announcement of Transaction. On or promptly after the Execution Date and, on a Product-by-Product basis, on or promptly after exercise by Novartis of the Options, Novartis and Akcea (and/or Ionis) will issue a public announcement in form and substance mutually agreed by the Parties.

Other Disclosures.

During the Option Period. Except to the extent required to comply with applicable law, regulation, rule or legal process or as otherwise permitted in accordance with this Section 12.4, during the Option Period, neither Novartis nor its Affiliates will make any public announcements, press releases or other public disclosures concerning a Product, this Agreement or the terms or the subject matter hereof without the prior written consent of Akcea, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed.

After Option Exercise. Except to the extent required to comply with applicable law, regulation, rule or legal process or as otherwise permitted in accordance with this Section 12.4, after Option Exercise with respect to a Product, neither Akcea nor its Affiliates will make any public announcements, press releases or other public disclosures regarding this Agreement or the terms or the subject matter hereof, or that will materially impact a Product, without the prior written consent of Novartis, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed.

Use of Name. Except as set forth in Section 12.4.8, neither Party will use the other Party’s name in a press release or other publication without first obtaining the prior consent of the Party to be named.

Notice of Significant Events; Disclosure of Information Related to Products. Each Party will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to immediately notify (and provide as much advance notice as possible, but at a minimum [***] ([***]) Business Days advance notice to) the other Party of any event materially related or significant to a Product so the Parties may analyze the need for or desirability of publicly disclosing or reporting such event. If Novartis intends to make a press release or similar public communication disclosing information that may materially impact a Product licensed by Novartis hereunder (i) Novartis will submit such proposed communication to Akcea for review at least [***] ([***]) Business Days in advance of such proposed public disclosure, (ii) Akcea will have the right to review and recommend changes to such communication, and (iii) Novartis will in good faith consider any changes that are timely recommended by Akcea.  For the purpose of this Section 12.4.4, an event materially related or significant to a Product or information that may materially impact a Product shall be limited to events or information concerning Product regulatory filings, regulatory approvals in Major Markets, reimbursement matters in Major Markets, data from Phase III clinical trials or supporting new indications regulatory filings, safety and efficacy issues, pricing or sales projections. If Akcea intends to make a press release or similar public communication disclosing material information that can negatively impact the Product, unless Akcea’s or its Affiliate’s existing confidentiality obligations to a Third Party prohibit it from doing so, (i) Akcea will submit such proposed communication to Novartis for review at least [***] ([***]) Business Days in advance of such proposed public disclosure, (ii) Novartis will have the right to review and recommend changes to such communication, and (iii) Akcea will in good faith consider any changes that are timely recommended by Novartis.

Scientific or Clinical Presentations. Upon exercise of the Option on a Product-by-Product basis, Novartis shall be solely responsible for any Scientific or Clinical Presentations related to the Product. Any Scientific or Clinical Presentation relating to the Product that represents work in which Akcea (or its Affiliate) and for which Akcea is an author or a co-author, authorship will be mutually agreed to by Novartis and Akcea before any such abstract, presentation or publication is submitted to the Third Party publisher for publication and will appropriately represent the contribution of Akcea (or its Affiliate), Novartis and any Third Party collaborators. Industry-recognized principles of both inclusion of authors and order of authors will be applied to respect appropriately the contributions of all parties to the inventions or data being presented or published. For abstract, presentation or publication that are authored or co-authored with Akcea according to the preceding sentence, each Party will review such proposed publication in order to avoid the unauthorized disclosure of a Party’s Confidential Information and to preserve the patentability of inventions arising under this Agreement. Each Party will first submit to the other Party an early draft of all such publications or presentations, whether they are to be presented orally or in written form, at least [***] ([***]) Business Days prior to submission for publication including to facilitate the publication of any summaries of Clinical Studies data and results as required on the clinical trial registry of each respective Party. If at any time during such [***] ([***]) Business Day period, the other Party informs such Party that its proposed publication discloses inventions made by either Party under this Agreement that have not yet been protected through the filing of a patent application, or the public disclosure of such proposed publication could be expected to have a material adverse effect on any Patent Rights or Know-How solely owned or Controlled by such other Party, then such Party will either (i) delay such proposed publication for up to [***] ([***]) calendar days from the date the other Party informed such Party of its objection to the proposed publication, to permit the timely preparation and first filing of patent application(s) on the information involved or (ii) remove the identified disclosures prior to publication.  In Scientific or Clinical presentation, Novartis will acknowledge Akcea (as an affiliate of Ionis) role in discovering the Product and that the Product is under license from Akcea.  For the avoidance of doubt, the term of this Section 12.4.5 shall be limited to publication authored or co-authored by Akcea personnel in peer reviewed journal and limited to abstracts authored or co-authored by Akcea at international congresses.

SEC Filings. Each Party will give the other Party a reasonable opportunity to review all material filings with the SEC describing the terms of this Agreement prior to submission of such filings, and will give due consideration to any reasonable comments by the non-filing Party relating to such filing.

Subsequent Disclosure. Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent information regarding this Agreement or a Product has already been publicly disclosed, either Party (or its Affiliates) may subsequently disclose the same information to the public without the consent of the other Party.

Acknowledgment. Novartis will acknowledge in any press release, public presentation or publication regarding a Product, Akcea’s and/or Ionis’ role in discovering and developing the Product, that the Product is under license from Akcea and otherwise acknowledge Akcea’s contributions, and Akcea’s and, if referring to Ionis or Akcea as an Affiliate of Ionis, Ionis’ and Akcea’s stock ticker symbol (e.g., Nasdaq: IONS). Akcea and Ionis may include each Product (and identify Novartis as its partner for the Product) in Akcea’s and Ionis’ respective drug pipelines, any press release, public presentation or publication mentioning a Product.

Dispute Resolution.

General. The Parties recognize that a dispute may arise relating to this Agreement (“Dispute”). Except as set forth in Sections 7.9.3(c), 8.2.3 and 13.1.5, any Dispute between the Parties or their respective Affiliates will be resolved in accordance with this Section 13.1.

Continuance of Rights and Obligations during Pendency of Dispute Resolution. If there are any Disputes in connection with this Agreement, including Disputes related to termination of this Agreement under ARTICLE 11, all rights and obligations of the Parties will continue until such time as any Dispute has been resolved in accordance with the provisions of this Section 13.1.

Escalation. Subject to Section 13.1.5, any claim, Dispute, or controversy as to the breach, enforcement, interpretation or validity of this Agreement will be referred to the Chief Executive Officer of Novartis Pharmaceuticals Unit and to the Chief Executive Officer of Akcea (the “Executives”) for attempted resolution. If the Executives are unable to resolve such Dispute within [***] ([***]) calendar days of such Dispute being referred to them, then, upon the written request of either Party to the other Party, the Dispute will be subject to arbitration in accordance with Section 13.1.4, except as expressly set forth in Section 13.1.5 or Section 13.3.

Arbitration.

If the Parties cannot resolve the Dispute through Escalation, and a Party desires to pursue resolution of the Dispute, any Dispute will be finally settled under the Rules of Arbitration of the ICC by a panel of three arbitrators appointed in accordance with said Rules, provided however, that the third arbitrator, who will act as president of the arbitral tribunal, will not be appointed by the International Court of Arbitration, but by the two arbitrators which have been appointed by either of the Parties in accordance with Article 12 para 4 of said Rules.

The place of arbitration will be New York, New York and the language to be used in any such proceeding (and for all testimony, evidence and written documentation) will be English. The IBA Rules on the Taking of Evidence in International Arbitration will apply on any evidence to be taken up in the arbitration.

Without limiting any other remedies that may be available under law, the arbitrators will have no authority to award consequential damages not permitted to be recovered pursuant to Section 10.6. The Parties agree to select the arbitrator(s) within [***] ([***]) calendar days after initiation of the arbitration. The hearing will be concluded within [***] ([***]) calendar days after selection of the arbitrator(s) and the award will be rendered within [***] calendar days after the conclusion of the hearing, or of any post hearing briefing, which briefing will be completed by both Parties within [***] ([***]) calendar days after the conclusion of the hearing. If the Parties cannot agree upon a schedule, then the arbitrator(s) will set the schedule following the time limits set forth above as closely as practicable.

If the arbitration proceedings have been initiated under this Section 13.1.4 in order to fully or partially terminate this Agreement in accordance with Section 11.2.2 for material breach, both Parties will – during the pendency of the arbitration proceedings – strive to find an amicable solution to resolve the Dispute with the support of the arbitrators. If through such process Akcea and Novartis agree to a remediation plan and to a failure remedy that will apply if such breach is not cured (which may include the non-breaching Party’s right to terminate this Agreement upon written notice to the breaching Party), then if the breaching Party subsequently materially fails to execute such remediation plan within [***] ([***]) calendar days after the date the Parties agreed to such remediation plan (or during a longer period of time if such breach is not reasonably curable within such [***]-calendar day period, so long as the breaching Party is pursuing a cure in good faith) the non-breaching Party will have the right to exercise and receive the applicable failure remedy. In such case the Parties will mutually terminate the pending arbitration procedure and, so long as the non-breaching Party has received the applicable failure remedy, the non-breaching Party will not be entitled to reinitiate the arbitration proceedings to seek the full or partial termination of this Agreement on the same or essentially the same facts.

EXCEPT IN THE CASE OF COURT ACTIONS PERMITTED BY SECTION 13.1.5 AND FOR CLAIMS NOT SUBJECT TO ARBITRATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 13.1.4 AS SET FORTH IN SECTION 13.1.5, EACH PARTY HERETO WAIVES: (1) ITS RIGHT TO TRIAL OF ANY ISSUE BY JURY, (2) WITH THE EXCEPTION OF RELIEF MANDATED BY STATUTE, ANY CLAIM TO PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, MULTIPLIED, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL OR LOST PROFITS/REVENUES DAMAGES, AND (3) ANY CLAIM FOR ATTORNEY FEES, COSTS AND PREJUDGMENT INTEREST.

Each Party will bear its own attorneys’ fees, costs, and disbursements arising out of the arbitration, and will pay an equal share of the fees and costs of the arbitrators; provided, however, the arbitrators will be authorized to determine whether a Party is the prevailing party, and if so, to award to that prevailing party reimbursement for any or all of its reasonable attorneys’ fees, costs and disbursements (including, for example, expert witness fees and expenses, photocopy charges, travel expenses, etc.), and/or the fees and costs of the administrators and the arbitrators.

Injunctive Relief; Court Actions. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, each Party will be entitled to seek from any court of competent jurisdiction, in addition to any other remedy it may have at law or in equity, injunctive or other equitable relief in the event of an actual or threatened breach of this Agreement by the other Party, without the posting of any bond or other security, and such an action may be filed and maintained notwithstanding any ongoing discussions between the Parties or any ongoing arbitration proceeding. The Parties agree that in the event of a threatened or actual material breach of this Agreement injunctive or equitable relief may be an appropriate remedy. In addition, except as set forth otherwise in Section 7.9.3(c) and Section 8.2.3 either Party may bring an action in any court of competent jurisdiction to resolve disputes pertaining to the validity, construction, scope, enforceability, infringement or other violations of Patent Rights or other intellectual property rights, and no such claim will be subject to arbitration pursuant to Section 13.1.4.

Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Venue; Service of Process. This Agreement and any Dispute will be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, U.S.A., without reference to conflicts of laws principles.  The United Nations Convention on Contract for the International Sales of Goods (1980) shall not apply to the interpretation of this Agreement.  

Recovery of Losses. Neither Party will be entitled to recover any Losses relating to any matter arising under one provision of this Agreement to the extent that such Party has already recovered Losses with respect to such matter pursuant to other provisions of this Agreement (including recoveries under Section 7.8.2(e), Section 10.1 or Section 10.2, and the offsets under Sections 7.9.3(b) and Section 7.9.3(d)). Except for the offset and credits explicitly set forth in Section 7.12, Section 7.9.3(b), and Section 7.9.3(d), a final and binding decision of the arbitrators in accordance with Section 13.1.4 or by the court of competent jurisdiction in accordance with Section 13.1.5 neither Party will have the right to set off any amount it is owed or believes it is owed against payments due or payable to the other Party under this Agreement.

Assignment and Successors. Neither this Agreement nor any obligation of a Party hereunder may be assigned by either Party without the consent of the other, which will not be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned, except that each Party may assign this Agreement and the rights, obligations and interests of such Party, in whole or in part, without the other Party's consent, to any of its Affiliates, to any purchaser of all or substantially all of its assets or all or substantially all of its assets to which this Agreement relates or to any successor corporation resulting from any merger, consolidation, share exchange or other similar transaction. In addition, Akcea may assign or transfer its rights to receive payments under this Agreement (but no liabilities), without Novartis’ consent, to an Affiliate or to a Third Party in connection with a payment factoring transaction. Except in the case where Akcea assigns or transfers its rights to receive payments under this Agreement to a Third Party, any permitted assignee will assume all obligations of its assignor under this Agreement. Subject to the terms of this Agreement, this Agreement will be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Parties and their respective successors and permitted assigns. Unless explicitly agreed otherwise in writing between the Parties, if any assignment of this Agreement or of any rights or obligations under this Agreement results in higher withholding taxes compared to the withholding taxes applicable prior to such assignment, then such higher withholding taxes will be borne by the assigning Party (“Transferring Party”) such that the Party (“Non-Transferring Party”) entitled to receive a given payment under this Agreement receives the amount of such payment such Party would have otherwise received under this Agreement but for the assigning Party’s transfer or assignment. Any purported assignment or transfer made in contravention of this Section 13.4 will be null and void. This Section 13.4 will apply to the assignment of Licensed Technology mutatis mutandis.

To the extent the Non-Transferring Party utilizes a [***] in any year, the Non-Transferring Party will [***] the Transferring Party an amount equal to (i) [***]% of the [***] or (ii) [***] the Non-Transferring Party resulting from the [***], which [***] will be calculated as the sum of (a) the amount [***] multiplied by the highest [***] applicable to the Non-Transferring Party; plus (b) any [***] of the [***] by the Non-Transferring Party. To assist the Transferring Party  in determining when a [***] from the Non-Transferring Party pursuant to the foregoing sentence, beginning with the first Annual tax return for the year in which the Transferring Party [***] (i.e., [***]) payment under this Section 13.4, and each year thereafter (including, for clarity, all years in which the Non-Transferring Party [***] or [***]), the Non-Transferring Party will provide the Transferring Party with the relevant portions of the Non-Transferring Party’s Annual tax returns (federal and state) and, in years in which the Non-Transferring Party utilizes the [***], supporting documentation for such [***].

Change of Control Event Involving Novartis or Akcea. A Party subject to a Change of Control Event will provide written notice to the other Party within [***] ([***]) calendar days following the closing of a Change of Control Event, and such notice will identify the Third Party acquiring company (the “Acquirer”) and the contact information of the person at the Acquirer with whom the other Party will work to schedule meetings between the Acquirer and the other Party. Within [***] ([***]) calendar days following the closing of such Change of Control Event, the Party or the Acquirer will meet or hold a teleconference with the other Party at a mutually agreed date, time and/or place to discuss any possible impacts of the Change of Control Event for this Agreement. In the event of a change of control involving Akcea, within [***] calendar days following the announcement of a Change of Control Event, Novartis, Akcea and Ionis shall meet and negotiate in good faith any amendment required to this Agreement reflecting obligations that may have been assumed by Ionis on behalf of Akcea and rights that may be owned by Ionis but that may be required for Novartis to fully exercise the licenses granted under this Agreement.

Subcontracting.

Subject to the terms of this Section 13.7, each Party will have the right to engage Third-Party subcontractors to perform certain of its obligations under this Agreement. Any subcontractor to be engaged by a Party to perform a Party’s obligations set forth in the Agreement will meet the qualifications typically required by such Party for the performance of work similar in scope and complexity to the subcontracted activity and will enter into such Party’s standard nondisclosure agreement consistent with such Party’s standard practices. Any Party engaging a subcontractor hereunder will remain responsible and obligated for such activities and will not grant rights to such subcontractor that interfere with the rights of the other Party under this Agreement. Each Party will be responsible for any income or non-income taxes that arise as a result of such Party’s use of any Third Party subcontractors hereunder, including payroll, income, withholding, sales and use, VAT, customs, duties excise or property taxes, and such taxes will not be reimbursable expenditures.

Akcea agrees that, where Novartis wishes to (sub)contract with a Third Party with respect to any of the rights granted under Section 1.3.2, Akcea will, within [***] ([***]) calendar days of any request by Novartis, provide Novartis with a letter of authorization as necessary for Novartis to be able to contract with such Third Party in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. Novartis will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to ensure that CMOs Novartis may use to conduct the manufacturing activities contemplated by Section 1.3.2 will be obligated to assign to Novartis all right, title and interest in and to any inventions developed by such (sub)contractors in the performance of such activities. In addition, Novartis will use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to include in agreements with CMOs, the [***] in the event the applicable Option is terminated, expires unexercised or this Agreement is terminated.

Force Majeure. No Party will be held responsible to the other Party nor be deemed to be in default under, or in breach of any provision of, this Agreement for failure or delay in performing any obligation of this Agreement when such failure or delay is due to force majeure, and without the fault or negligence of the Party so failing or delaying. For purposes of this Agreement, force majeure means a cause beyond the reasonable control of a Party, which may include acts of God, war, terrorism, cyber-attacks, civil commotion, fire, flood, earthquake, tornado, tsunami, explosion or storm; pandemic; epidemic and failure of public utilities or common carriers. In such event the Party so failing or delaying shall promptly notify the other Party of such inability and of the period for which such inability is expected to continue. The Party giving such notice will be excused from such of its obligations under this Agreement as it is thereby disabled from performing for so long as it is so disabled and shall use commercially reasonable efforts to minimize the duration of any force majeure and resume performance of its obligation as promptly as practicable.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, if such Force Majeure event induced delay or failure of performance continues for a period [***] ([***]) calendar days, after which time the Parties will negotiate in good faith any permanent or transitory modifications of the terms of this Agreement that may be necessary to arrive at an equitable solution, unless the Party giving such notice has set out a reasonable timeframe and plan to resolve the effects of such force majeure and executes such plan within such timeframe.

Notices. Any notice or request required or permitted to be given under or in connection with this Agreement will be deemed to have been sufficiently given if in writing and personally delivered or sent by certified mail (return receipt requested), facsimile transmission (receipt verified), or overnight express courier service (signature required), prepaid, to the Party for which such notice is intended, at the address set forth for such Party below:

Waiver. Neither Party may waive or release any of its rights or interests in this Agreement except in writing. The failure of either Party to assert a right hereunder or to insist upon compliance with any term or condition of this Agreement shall not constitute a waiver of that right or excuse a similar subsequent failure to perform any such term or condition. No waiver by either Party of any condition or term in any one or more instances shall be construed as a continuing waiver or subsequent waiver of such condition or term or of another condition or term. No waiver shall be effective unless it has been given in writing and signed by the Party giving such waiver.

Severability. If any provision hereof should be held invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, the Parties will negotiate in good faith a valid, legal and enforceable substitute provision that most nearly reflects the original intent of the Parties and all other provisions hereof will remain in full force and effect in such jurisdiction and will be liberally construed in order to carry out the intentions of the Parties hereto as nearly as may be possible. Such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability will not affect the validity, legality or enforceability of such provision in any other jurisdiction.

Entire Agreement; Modifications. This Agreement (including the attached Appendices and Schedules) sets forth and constitutes the entire agreement and understanding between the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof, and all prior agreements, understanding, promises and representations, whether written or oral, with respect thereto are superseded hereby. Each Party confirms that it is not relying on any representations or warranties of the other Party except as specifically set forth herein. No amendment, modification, release or discharge will be binding upon the Parties unless in writing and duly executed by authorized representatives of both Parties.

Independent Contractors. Nothing herein will be construed to create any relationship of employer and employee, agent and principal, partnership or joint venture between the Parties. Each Party is an independent contractor. Neither Party will assume, either directly or indirectly, any liability of or for the other Party. Neither Party will have the authority to bind or obligate the other Party and neither Party will represent that it has such authority.

Interpretation. Except as otherwise explicitly specified to the contrary, (a) references to a section, exhibit, Appendix or Schedule means a Section of, or Schedule or exhibit or Appendix to this Agreement, unless another agreement is specified, (b) the word “including” (in its various forms) means “including without limitation,” (c) the words “will” and “shall” have the same meaning, (d) references to a particular statute or regulation include all rules and regulations thereunder and any predecessor or successor statute, rules or regulation, in each case as amended or otherwise modified from time to time, (e) words in the singular or plural form include the plural and singular form, respectively, (f) references to a particular Person include such Person’s successors and assigns to the extent not prohibited by this Agreement, (g) unless otherwise specified, “$” is in reference to United States dollars, and (h) the headings contained in this Agreement, in any exhibit or Appendix or Schedule to this Agreement are for convenience only and will not in any way affect the construction of or be taken into consideration in interpreting this Agreement.

Books and Records. Any books and records to be maintained under this Agreement by a Party or its Affiliates or Sublicensees will be maintained in accordance with their respective Applicable Law.

Further Actions. Each Party will execute, acknowledge and deliver such further instruments, and do all such other acts, as may be necessary or appropriate in order to carry out the expressly stated purposes and the clear intent of this Agreement.

Construction of Agreement. The terms and provisions of this Agreement represent the results of negotiations between the Parties and their representatives, each of which has been represented by counsel of its own choosing, and neither of which has acted under duress or compulsion, whether legal, economic or otherwise. Accordingly, the terms and provisions of this Agreement will be interpreted and construed in accordance with their usual and customary meanings, and each of the Parties hereto hereby waives the application in connection with the interpretation and construction of this Agreement of any rule of law to the effect that ambiguous or conflicting terms or provisions contained in this Agreement will be interpreted or construed against the Party whose attorney prepared the executed draft or any earlier draft of this Agreement.

Supremacy. In the event of any express conflict or inconsistency between this Agreement and any Schedule or Appendix hereto, the terms of this Agreement will apply. The Parties understand and agree that the Appendices identifying the Licensed Technology are not intended to be the final and complete embodiment of any terms or provisions of this Agreement, and are to be updated from time to time during the Agreement Term, as appropriate and in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.

Counterparts. This Agreement (or any notice, invoice or other document to be delivered by a Party hereunder) may be signed in counterparts, each of which will be deemed an original, notwithstanding variations in format or file designation which may result from the electronic transmission, storage and printing of copies of this Agreement from separate computers or printers, and facsimile signatures and signatures transmitted via electronic mail in PDF format will be treated as original signatures.

Compliance with Laws. Each Party will, and will ensure that its Affiliates will, comply with all relevant laws and regulations in exercising its rights and fulfilling its obligations under this Agreement.

Debarment. Neither Party is debarred under the United States Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act or comparable Applicable Laws and it does not, and will not during the Agreement Term, employ or use the services of any person or entity that is debarred, in connection with the Development, Manufacture or Commercialization of the Products. If either Party becomes aware of the debarment or threatened debarment of any person or entity providing services to such Party, including the Party itself and its Affiliates, which directly or indirectly relate to activities under this Agreement, the other Party will be immediately notified in writing.

Remedies at Law. Without limiting Section 13.3 and except as expressly stated in this Agreement, the rights and remedies provided in this Agreement and all other rights and remedies available to either Party at law or in equity are, to the extent permitted by law, cumulative and not exclusive of any other right or remedy now or hereafter available at law or in equity.

field force detailing Products to Lipid Specialists;

providing input on medical affairs communications;

providing input on marketing materials and strategy;

participating in field force trainings; and

participating in Novartis presence at medical meetings and congresses.

was in the lawful knowledge and possession of the Receiving Party or its Affiliates prior to the time it was disclosed to, or learned by, the Receiving Party or its Affiliates, or was otherwise developed independently by the Receiving Party or its Affiliates, as evidenced by written records kept in the ordinary course of business, or other documentary proof of actual use by the Receiving Party or its Affiliates;

was generally available to the public or otherwise part of the public domain at the time of its disclosure to the Receiving Party or its Affiliates;

became generally available to the public or otherwise part of the public domain after its disclosure and other than through any act or omission of the Receiving Party or its Affiliates in breach of this Agreement; or

was disclosed to the Receiving Party or its Affiliates, other than under an obligation of confidentiality, by a Third Party who had no obligation to the Disclosing Party or its Affiliates not to disclose such information to others.

a mandatory patent listing process in such country, only Licensed Patents that are listed in such country’s patent listing will be considered “Orange Book Patents” (and therefore royalty-bearing) in such country, irrespective of whether the foreign equivalent Patent Rights of such Licensed Patents are listed in another country;

a voluntary patent listing process in such country, both (x) Licensed Patents that are listed in such country’s patent listing, and (y) Licensed Patents that are not listed in such country’s patent listing but are the foreign equivalent Patent Rights of the Licensed Patents listed in the mandatory patent listing of another country, in each case will be considered “Orange Book Patents” (and therefore royalty-bearing) in such country; and

no patent listing process in such country, Licensed Patents that are the foreign equivalent of the Licensed Patents listed in the mandatory patent listing of another country, in each case will be considered “Orange Book Patents” (and therefore royalty-bearing) in such country, irrespective of whether the foreign equivalent Patent Rights of such Licensed Patents are listed in another country.

[***] – [***] kilograms of API delivered to Novartis after [***]; and

Remaining quantities of API to be delivered to Novartis in [***] in accordance with the terms of the Quality Agreement to be agreed upon in [***].

[***] kilograms of API delivered to Novartis in [***]; and

Akcea will endeavor to deliver the remaining quantities of API in [***], provided that, any remaining quantity Akcea cannot deliver in [***] will be delivered as soon as practicable thereafter.

Promoting the overall health of the relationship between the Parties;

Developing a mutually agreed alliance launch plan covering any activities and systems that the Parties need to implement within the first one hundred (100) calendar days upon the Option Exercise of the First Product to support the Collaboration;

Organizing CSC and JDCC meetings, including agendas, drafting minutes, and publishing final minutes;

Supporting the co-chairs of the CSC and JDCC with organization of meetings, information exchange, meeting minutes, and facilitating dispute resolution as necessary;

conducting all non-Clinical Studies and Clinical Studies on the Product as deemed necessary or desirable by Novartis or any applicable Regulatory Authority with Commercially Reasonable Efforts;

preparing and filing all regulatory filings for the Product in each Major Market, including all INDs, NDAs, MAAs, JNDAs and other filings with Commercially Reasonable Efforts;

Manufacturing or having Manufactured (including process development, validation and scale up) API, Clinical Supplies and Finished Drug Product for ongoing Development and Commercialization requirements, consistent with Novartis’ internal practices and all Applicable Laws and using Commercially Reasonable Efforts; and

conducting, at Novartis’ sole expense, Commercialization activities in connection with the marketing, promotion, and sale of the Product with Commercially Reasonable Efforts in each and every Major Market (except for co-commercialization Akcea may conduct if mutually agreed between the Parties)

Initiate a [***] within [***] months after Novartis exercises the option for the Product;

[***] or [***] covering the Product within [***] months after [***] for the first [***] for the Product, unless the FDA or EMA require any additional actions for [***], as applicable, in which case Novartis shall evaluate such actions and use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to complete such action; and

Use Commercially Reasonable Efforts to market the approved Product [***] as soon as practicable after receiving Regulatory Approval for the Product [***].