SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT

 

THIS SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT (the “Agreement”), dated as of November 17, 2006 (the “Agreement Date”), by and among DYADIC INTERNATIONAL, INC., a Delaware corporation with headquarters located at 140 Intracoastal Pointe Drive, Suite 404, Jupiter, Florida 33477 (the “Company”), and the investors listed on the Schedule of Investors attached hereto as Exhibit A (individually, an “Investor” and collectively, the “Investors”).

 

 

A. The Company and each Investor are executing and delivering this Agreement in reliance upon the exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Rule 506 of Regulation D (“Regulation D”) as promulgated by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Securities Act.

 

B. Each Investor, severally and not jointly, wishes to purchase, and the Company wishes to sell, upon the terms and conditions stated in this Agreement, (i) that aggregate number of shares of the Common Stock, par value $.001 per share, of the Company (the “Common Stock”), set forth opposite such Investor’s name in column two (2) on the Schedule of Investors in Exhibit A (which aggregate amount for all Investors together shall be [INSERT FINAL SHARE NUMBER] shares of Common Stock and shall collectively be referred to herein as the “Common Shares”) and (ii) warrants, in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit F (the “Warrants”) to acquire up to that number of additional shares of Common Stock set forth opposite such Investor’s name in column three (3) on the Schedule of Investors (the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of or otherwise pursuant to the Warrants, collectively, the “Warrant Shares”).

 

C. The Common Shares, the Warrants and the Warrant Shares issued pursuant to this Agreement are collectively are referred to herein as the “Securities.”

 

NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Investors agree as follows:

 

    ARTICLE I  

 

 

1.1  Definitions.

 

  In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings indicated:

 

“Abengoa” means Abengoa Bioenergy R&D, Inc.

 

“Abengoa Securities Purchase Agreement” means that certain Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of October 26, 2006 by and among the Company and Abengoa.

 

“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 144 under the Securities Act.

 

“Agent” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1(l).

 

“Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.

 

“Best Efforts” means the efforts that a prudent person desirous of achieving a result would use in similar circumstances to ensure that such result is achieved as expeditiously as practical; provided, however, that an obligation to use Best Efforts under this Agreement does not require the Company to dispose of or make any change to its business, expend any material funds or incur any other material burden.

 

“Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed.

 

“Closing” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1.

 

“Closing Date” means the date and time of the Closing, on the later of: (x) two (2) Business Days following the Agreement Date or (y) two (2) Business Days following the date of the approval of the listing of the Common Shares and Warrant Shares by the Trading Market (or such other date and time as is mutually agreed to by the Company and each Investor).

 

“Closing Price” means, for any date, the closing price per share of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the American Stock Exchange, or if the Common Stock is not then listed on the American Stock Exchange, such other primary Eligible Market or exchange or quotation system on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted.

 

“Company” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.

 

“Company Counsel” means Greenberg Traurig, LLP, counsel to the Company.

 

“Common Shares” has the meaning set forth in Recital B.

 

“Common Stock” has the meaning set forth in Recital B.

 

“Common Stock Equivalents” means, collectively, Options and Convertible Securities.

 

“Contingent Obligation” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1(aa).

 

“Convertible Securities” means any stock or securities (other than Options) convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock.

 

“Disclosure Materials” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1(g).

 

“Effective Date” means the date that the Registration Statement is first declared effective by the SEC.

 

“Effectiveness Period” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.1(b).

 

“8-K Filing” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.5.

 

“Eligible Market” means any of the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange, The Nasdaq National Market or The Nasdaq Capital Market.

 

“Environmental Laws” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1(dd).

 

“Event” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.1(d).

 

“Event Payments” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.1(d).

 

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

“Excluded Events” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.1(d)(ii).

 

“Excluded Investors” means Cowen and Company, LLC and its Affiliates.

 

“Filing Date” means forty-five (45) days after the Closing Date.

 

“GAAP” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1(g).

 

“Hazardous Materials” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1(dd).

 

“Indebtedness” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1(aa).

 

“Indemnified Party” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.4(c).

 

“Indemnifying Party” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.4(c).

 

“Insolvent” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1(h).

 

“Intellectual Property Rights” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1(t).

 

“Investor” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.

 

“Lien” means any lien, charge, claim, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal or other restriction.

 

“Losses” means any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, settlement costs and expenses, including, without limitation and reasonable attorneys’ fees.

 

“Material Adverse Effect” means (i) a material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business or financial condition of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole on a consolidated basis, or (ii) an event or occurrence that materially and adversely impairs the Company's ability to perform its obligations under any of the Transaction Documents, provided, that none of the following alone shall be deemed, in and of itself, to constitute a Material Adverse Effect: (x) a change in the market price or trading volume of the Common Stock or (y) changes in general economic conditions or changes affecting the industry in which the Company operates generally (as opposed to Company-specific changes) so long as such changes do not have a disproportionate effect on the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole.

 

“Material Permits” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1(v).

 

“Options” means any outstanding rights, warrants or options to subscribe for or purchase Common Stock or Convertible Securities.

 

“Person” means any individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, or joint stock company.

 

“Proceeding” means an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, or a partial proceeding, such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened in writing.

 

“Prospectus” means the prospectus included in the Registration Statement (including, without limitation, a prospectus that includes any information previously omitted from a prospectus filed as part of an effective registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A promulgated under the Securities Act), as amended or supplemented by any prospectus supplement, with respect to the terms of the offering of any portion of the Registrable Securities covered by the Registration Statement, and all other amendments and supplements to the Prospectus including post-effective amendments, and all material incorporated by reference or deemed to be incorporated by reference in such Prospectus.

 

“Registrable Securities” means the Common Shares and the Warrant Shares issued or issuable pursuant to the Transaction Documents, together with any securities issued or issuable upon any stock split, dividend or other distribution, recapitalization or similar event with respect to the foregoing.

 

“Registration Statement” means each registration statement required to be filed under Article VI, including (in each case) the Prospectus, amendments and supplements to such registration statement or Prospectus, including pre- and post-effective amendments, all exhibits thereto, and all material incorporated by reference or deemed to be incorporated by reference in such registration statement.

 

“Regulation D” has the meaning set forth in Recital A.

 

“Related Person” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.6.

 

“Repurchase Notice” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.1.

 

“Repurchase Price” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.1.

 

“Required Effectiveness Date” means the date which is the earliest of (i) if the Registration Statement does not become subject to review by the SEC, (a) one hundred five (105) days after the Closing Date or (b) five (5) Trading Days after the Company receives notification from the SEC that the Registration Statement will not become subject to review and the Company fails to request to accelerate the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, or (ii) if the Registration Statement becomes subject to review by the SEC, one hundred thirty-five (135) days after the Closing Date.

 

“Rule 144,” “Rule 415,” and “Rule 424” means Rule 144, Rule 415 and Rule 424, respectively, promulgated by the SEC pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rules may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the SEC having substantially the same effect as such Rule.

 

“SEC” has the meaning set forth in Recital A.

 

“SEC Reports” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1(g).

 

“Securities” has the meaning set forth in Recital C.

 

“Securities Act” has the meaning set forth in Recital A.

 

“Shares” means shares of the Company’s Common Stock.

 

“Short Sales” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.2(h).

 

“Subsidiary” means any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company.

 

“Trading Day” means (a) any day on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted and traded on its primary Trading Market, (b) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted and traded on any Eligible Market, then a day on which trading occurs on the The Nasdaq National Market (or any successor thereto), or (c) if trading ceases to occur on the The Nasdaq National Market (or any successor thereto), any Business Day.

 

“Trading Market” means The American Stock Exchange or any other Eligible Market, or any national securities exchange, market or trading or quotation facility on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted.

 

“Transaction Documents” means this Agreement, the schedules and exhibits attached hereto, the Warrants and the Transfer Agent Instructions.

 

“Transfer Agent” means Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, or any successor transfer agent for the Company.

 

“Transfer Agent Instructions” means, with respect to the Company, the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions, in the form of Exhibit E, executed by the Company and delivered to and acknowledged in writing by the Transfer Agent.

 

“Warrants” has the meaning set forth in Recital B.

 

“Warrant Shares” has the meaning set forth in Recital B.

 

    ARTICLE II  

 

 

2.1  Closing.

 

Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, at the Closing the Company shall issue and sell to each Investor, and each Investor shall, severally and not jointly, purchase from the Company, such number of Common Shares and Warrants for the price set forth opposite such Investor's name on Exhibit A hereto under the headings “Common Shares” and “Warrants”. The date and time of the closing shall be 11:00 a.m., New York City Time, on the Closing Date (the “Closing”). The Closing shall take place at the offices of the Company’s Counsel.

 

2.2  Closing Deliveries.

 

(a)  At the Closing, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to each Investor the following:

 

(i)  one or more stock certificates (or copies thereof provided by the Transfer Agent), free and clear of all restrictive and other legends (except as expressly provided in Section 4.1(b) hereof), evidencing such number of Common Shares set forth opposite such Investor’s name on Exhibit A hereto under the heading “Common Shares,” registered in the name of such Investor;

 

(ii)  a Warrant, issued in the name of such Investor, pursuant to which such Investor shall have the right to acquire such number of Warrant Shares set forth opposite such Investor’s name on Exhibit A hereto under the heading “Warrant Shares”;

 

(iii)  a legal opinion of Company Counsel, in the form of Exhibit C, executed by such counsel and delivered to the Investors;

 

(iv)  duly executed Transfer Agent Instructions acknowledged by the Company’s transfer agent; and

 

(v)  approval by the American Stock Exchange of an additional shares listing application covering all of the Registrable Securities.

 

(b)  At the Closing, each Investor shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company the purchase price set forth opposite such Investor’s name on Exhibit A hereto under the heading “Purchase Price” in United States dollars and in immediately available funds, by wire transfer to an account designated in writing to such Investor by the Company for such purpose.

 

  ARTICLE III  

 

 

3.1  Representations and Warranties of the Company.

 

The Company hereby represents and warrants to the Investors as follows (which representations and warranties shall be deemed to apply, where appropriate, to each Subsidiary of the Company):

 

(a)  Subsidiaries. The Company has no Subsidiaries other than those listed in Schedule 3.1(a) hereto. Except as disclosed in Schedule 3.1(a) hereto, the Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the capital stock or comparable equity interests of each Subsidiary free and clear of any Lien and all the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock or comparable equity interest of each Subsidiary are validly issued and are fully paid, non-assessable and free of preemptive and similar rights.

 

(b)  Organization and Qualification. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is an entity duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization (as applicable), with the requisite legal authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in violation of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(c)  Authorization; Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by each of the Transaction Documents to which it is a party and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of each of the Transaction Documents to which it is a party by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further consent or action is required by the Company, its Board of Directors or its stockholders. Each of the Transaction Documents to which it is a party has been (or upon delivery will be) duly executed by the Company and is, or when delivered in accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute, the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except as may be limited by (i) applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other laws of general application relating to or affecting the enforcement of creditors rights generally, and (ii) the effect of rules of law governing the availability of specific performance and other equitable remedies.

 

(d)  No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Documents to which it is a party by the Company and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby do not, and will not, (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other instrument (evidencing a Company or Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound, or affected, except to the extent that such conflict, default, termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation right would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, or (iii) result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction of any court or governmental authority to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including, assuming the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Investors set forth in Section 3.2 hereof, federal and state securities laws and regulations and the rules and regulations of any self-regulatory organization to which the Company or its securities are subject, including all applicable Trading Markets), or by which any property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected, except to the extent that such violation would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(e)  The Securities. The Securities (including the Warrant Shares) are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens except for restrictions on transfer imposed by applicable federal and state securities laws and will not be subject to preemptive or similar rights of stockholders (other than those imposed by the Investors). The Company has reserved from its duly authorized capital stock the maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants. The offer, issuance and sale to the Investors of the Common Shares and the other Securities are exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act.

 

(f)  Capitalization. The aggregate number of shares and type of all authorized, issued and outstanding classes of capital stock, options and other securities of the Company (whether or not presently convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of the Company) as of November 16 2006 is set forth in Schedule 3.1(f) hereto. All outstanding shares of capital stock are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and have been issued in compliance in all material respects with all applicable securities laws. Except as disclosed in Schedule 3.1(f) hereto or disclosed in the SEC Reports, the Company did not have outstanding at November 16, 2006 any other options, warrants, script rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or entered into any agreement giving any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any shares of Common Stock, or securities or rights convertible or exchangeable into shares of Common Stock. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(f) hereto or as disclosed in the SEC Reports, and except for customary adjustments as a result of stock dividends, stock splits, combinations of shares, reorganizations, recapitalizations, reclassifications or other similar events, there are no anti-dilution or price adjustment provisions contained in any security issued by the Company (or in any agreement providing rights to security holders) and the issuance and sale of the Securities will not obligate the Company to issue shares of Common Stock or other securities to any Person (other than the Investors) and will not result in a right of any holder of securities to adjust the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price under such securities. To the knowledge of the Company, except as disclosed in the SEC Reports and any Schedules filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 13d-1 of the Exchange Act by reporting persons or in Schedule 3.1(f) hereto, no Person or group of related Persons beneficially owns (as determined pursuant to Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), or has the right to acquire, by agreement with or by obligation binding upon the Company, beneficial ownership of in excess of 5% of the outstanding Common Stock.

 

(g)  SEC Reports; Financial Statements. The Company has filed all reports required to be filed by it under the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the 12 months preceding the date hereof on a timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension and has filed all reports required to be filed by it under the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two years preceding the date hereof. Such reports required to be filed by the Company under the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, together with any materials filed or furnished by the Company under the Exchange Act, whether or not any such reports were required being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports” and, together with this Agreement and the Schedules to this Agreement, the “Disclosure Materials”. As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports filed by the Company complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder, and none of the SEC Reports, when filed by the Company, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the SEC with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (“GAAP”), except as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements, the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements may not contain all footnotes required by GAAP or may be condensed or summary statements, and fairly present in all material respects the consolidated financial position of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal, year-end audit adjustments. All material agreements to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or to which the property or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary are subject are included as part of or identified in the SEC Reports, to the extent such agreements are required to be included or identified pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC.

 

(h)  Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, except as disclosed in the SEC Reports or in Schedule 3.1(h) hereto, (i) there has been no event, occurrence or development that, individually or in the aggregate, has had or that would result in a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred any material liabilities other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company's financial statements pursuant to GAAP or required to be disclosed in filings made with the SEC, (iii) the Company has not altered its method of accounting or changed its auditors, except as disclosed in its SEC Reports, (iv) the Company has not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its stockholders, in their capacities as such, or purchased, redeemed or made any agreements to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock (except for repurchases by the Company of shares of capital stock held by employees, officers, directors, or consultants pursuant to an option of the Company to repurchase such shares upon the termination of employment or services), and (v) the Company has not issued any equity securities to any officer, director or Affiliate, except pursuant to existing Company stock-based plans and Convertible Securities acquired and exercised by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company and (vi) other than in the ordinary course of business or as disclosed in Schedule 3.1(h) hereto or in the SEC Reports, the Company has not sold, leased, licensed, transferred or assigned any of its assets. The Company has not taken any steps to seek protection pursuant to any bankruptcy law nor does the Company have any knowledge or reason to believe that its creditors intend to initiate involuntary bankruptcy proceedings or any actual knowledge of any fact which would reasonably lead a creditor to do so. The Company is not as of the date hereof, and after giving effect to the transactions contemplated hereby to occur at the applicable Closing, will not be Insolvent (as defined below). For purposes of this Section 3.1(h), “Insolvent” means (i) the present fair saleable value of the Company's assets is less than the amount required to pay the Company's total Indebtedness (as defined in Section 3.1(aa)), (ii) the Company is unable to pay its debts and liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise, as such debts and liabilities become absolute and matured or (iii) the Company intends to incur or believes that it will incur debts that would be beyond its ability to pay as such debts mature.

 

(i)  Absence of Litigation. Except as disclosed in the SEC Reports, there is no action, suit, claim, or proceeding, or, to the Company's knowledge, inquiry or investigation, before or by any court, public board, government agency, self-regulatory organization or body pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company or any of its Subsidiaries that could, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company, nor any director or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any action involving a claim of violation of or liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty relating to the Company. There has not been, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the SEC involving the Company or any current or former director or officer of the Company. The Company has not received any stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement filed by the Company under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act and, to the Company’s knowledge, the SEC has not issued any such order. There are no material disagreements presently existing, or reasonably anticipated by the Company to arise, between the accountants formerly or presently employed by the Company.

 

(j)  Compliance. Except as described in Schedule 3.1(j), neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, except in each case as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have or result in a Material Adverse Effect, (i) is in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred that has not been waived that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary under), nor has the Company or any Subsidiary received written notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture, loan or credit agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound (whether or not such default or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any order of any court, arbitrator or governmental body, or (iii) is or has been in violation of any statute, rule or regulation of any governmental authority.  

 

(k)  Title to Assets. The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title to all real property owned and used in the conduct of their business as it is presently conducted, and the Company and the Subsidiaries and good and marketable title in all personal property owned and used in the conduct of their business as it is presently conducted, in each case, other than the security interest described in Schedule 3.1(aa), free and clear of all Liens, except for Liens that do not, individually or in the aggregate, have or result in a Material Adverse Effect. Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company and the Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases of which the Company and the Subsidiaries are in material compliance.

 

(l)  No General Solicitation; Placement Agent's Fees. Neither the Company, nor any of its Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf, has engaged in any form of general solicitation or general advertising (within the meaning of Regulation D) in connection with the offer or sale of the Securities. The Company shall be responsible for the payment of any placement agent’s fees, financial advisory fees, or brokers’ commission (other than for Persons engaged by or on behalf of any Investor or its investment advisor) relating to or arising out of the issuance of the Securities pursuant to this Agreement. The Company shall pay, and hold each Investor harmless against, any liability, loss or expense (including, without limitation, reasonable attorney's fees and out-of-pocket expenses) arising in connection with any such claim for fees arising out of the issuance of the Securities pursuant to this Agreement. The Company acknowledges that is has engaged Cowen and Company, LLC as its exclusive placement agent (the “Agent”) in connection with the sale of the Securities. Other than the Agent, the Company has not engaged any placement agent or other agent in connection with the sale of the Securities.

 

(m)  Private Placement. Neither the Company nor any of its Affiliates nor, any Person acting on the Company’s behalf has, directly or indirectly, at any time within the past six months, made any offer or sale of any security or solicitation of any offer to buy any security under circumstances that would (i) eliminate the availability of the exemption from registration under Regulation D under the Securities Act in connection with the offer and sale by the Company of the Securities as contemplated hereby or (ii) cause the offering of the Securities pursuant to the Transaction Documents to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of any applicable law, regulation or stockholder approval provisions, including, without limitation, under the rules and regulations of any Trading Market. The Company is not required to be registered as, and is not an Affiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The Company is not required to be registered as, a United States real property holding corporation within the meaning of the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980.

 

(n)  Form S-3 Eligibility. The Company is eligible to register the Common Shares and the Warrant Shares for resale by the Investors using Form S-3 promulgated under the Securities Act.

 

(o)  Listing and Maintenance Requirements. The Company has not, in the twelve months preceding the date hereof, received notice (written or oral) from any Trading Market on which the Common Stock is or has been listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements of such Trading Market. The Company is in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements.

 

(p)  Registration Rights. Except as described in Schedule 3.1(p) or as disclosed in the SEC Reports, the Company has not granted or agreed to grant to any Person any rights (including “piggy-back” registration rights) to have any securities of the Company registered with the SEC or any other governmental authority that have not been satisfied or waived.

 

(q)  Application of Takeover Protections. There is no control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or other similar anti-takeover provision under the Company’s charter documents or the laws of its state of incorporation that is or could become applicable to any of the Investors as a result of the Investors and the Company fulfilling their obligations or exercising their rights under the Transaction Documents, including, without limitation, as a result of the Company’s issuance of the Securities and the Investors’ ownership of the Securities.

 

(r)  Disclosure. The Company confirms that neither it nor any officers, directors or Affiliates, has provided any of the Investors (other than Excluded Investors) or their agents or counsel with any information that constitutes or might constitute material, nonpublic information (other than the existence and terms of the issuance of Securities, as contemplated by this Agreement). The Company confirms that neither it nor any officers, directors or Affiliates, has provided any of the Investors (other than Excluded Investors) or their agents or counsel with any information that constitutes or might constitute material, nonpublic information (other than the existence and terms of the issuance of Securities, as contemplated by this Agreement). The Company understands and confirms that each of the Investors will rely on the foregoing representations in effecting transactions in securities of the Company (other than Excluded Investors). All disclosure provided by the Company to the Investors regarding the Company, its business and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Schedules to this Agreement, furnished by or on the behalf of the Company are true and correct in all material respects and do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. To the Company's knowledge, except for the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, no event or circumstance has occurred or information exists with respect to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or its or their business, properties, operations or financial conditions, which, under applicable law, rule or regulation, requires public disclosure or announcement by the Company but which has not been so publicly announced or disclosed. The Company acknowledges and agrees that no Investor (other than Excluded Investors) makes or has made any representations or warranties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than those set forth in the Transaction Documents.

 

(s)  Acknowledgment Regarding Investors' Purchase of Securities. Based upon the assumption that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are consummated in all material respects in conformity with the Transaction Documents, the Company acknowledges and agrees that each of the Investors (other than Excluded Investors) is acting solely in the capacity of an arm's length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby. The Company further acknowledges that no Investor (other than Excluded Investors) is acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or in any similar capacity) with respect to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and any advice given by any Investor (other than Excluded Investors) or any of their respective representatives or agents in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby is merely incidental to the Investors’ purchase of the Securities. The Company further represents to each Investor that the Company’s decision to enter into this Agreement has been based solely on the independent evaluation of the transactions contemplated hereby by the Company and its representatives.

 

(t)  Patents and Trademarks. The Company and its Subsidiaries own, or possess adequate rights or licenses to use, all trademarks, trade names, service marks, service mark registrations, service names, patents, patent rights, copyrights, inventions, licenses, approvals, governmental authorizations, trade secrets and other intellectual property rights (“Intellectual Property Rights”) necessary to conduct their respective businesses as now conducted. None of the Company's Intellectual Property Rights have expired or terminated, or are expected to expire or terminate, within three years from the date of this Agreement. The Company does not have any knowledge of any infringement by the Company or its Subsidiaries of Intellectual Property Rights of others. Except as disclosed in the SEC Reports, there is no claim, action or proceeding being made or brought, or to the knowledge of the Company, being threatened, against the Company or its Subsidiaries regarding its Intellectual Property Rights.

 

(u)  Insurance. The Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses and location in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged. The Company has not received any written notice that the Company will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires. The Company believes it will be able to obtain similar coverage at reasonable cost from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business as currently being conducted.

 

(v)  Regulatory Permits. The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports (“Material Permits”), except where the failure to possess such permits does not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any written notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any Material Permit.

 

(w)  Transactions With Affiliates and Employees. Except as set forth or incorporated by reference in the Company’s SEC Reports, none of the officers, directors or employees of the Company is presently a party to any transaction that would be required to be reported on Form 10-KSB with the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (other than for ordinary course services as employees, officers or directors), including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from, or otherwise requiring payments to or from any such officer, director or employee or, to the Company's knowledge, any corporation, partnership, trust or other entity in which any such officer, director, or employee has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee or partner.

 

(x)  Internal Accounting Controls. The Company and the Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization, and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences.

 

(y)  Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Company is in compliance in all material respects with applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC thereunder.

 

(z)  Foreign Corrupt Practices. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any director, officer, agent, employee or other Person acting on behalf of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has, in the course of its actions for, or on behalf of, the Company (i) used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expenses relating to political activity; (ii) made any direct or indirect unlawful payment to any foreign or domestic government official or employee from corporate funds; (iii) violated or is in violation of any provision of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended; or (iv) made any unlawful bribe, rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful payment to any foreign or domestic government official or employee.

 

(aa)  Indebtedness. Except as disclosed in Schedule 3.1(aa) or in the SEC Reports, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries (i) has any outstanding Indebtedness (as defined below), (ii) is in violation of any term of or in default under any contract, agreement or instrument relating to any Indebtedness, except where such violations and defaults would not result, individually or in the aggregate, in a Material Adverse Effect, or (iii) is a party to any contract, agreement or instrument relating to any Indebtedness, the performance of which, in the judgment of the Company's officers, has or is expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Schedule 3.1(aa) provides a detailed description of the material terms of any such outstanding Indebtedness. For purposes of this Agreement: (x) “Indebtedness” of any Person means, without duplication (A) all indebtedness for borrowed money, (B) all obligations issued, undertaken or assumed as the deferred purchase price of property or services (other than trade payables entered into in the ordinary course of business), (C) all reimbursement or payment obligations with respect to letters of credit, surety bonds and other similar instruments, (D) all obligations evidenced by notes, bonds, debentures or similar instruments, including obligations so evidenced incurred in connection with the acquisition of property, assets or businesses, (E) all indebtedness created or arising under any conditional sale or other title retention agreement, or incurred as financing, in either case with respect to any property or assets acquired with the proceeds of such indebtedness (even though the rights and remedies of the seller or bank under such agreement in the event of default are limited to repossession or sale of such property), (F) all monetary obligations under any leasing or similar arrangement which, in connection with generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied for the periods covered thereby, is classified as a capital lease, (G) all indebtedness referred to in clauses (A) through (F) above secured by (or for which the holder of such Indebtedness has an existing right, contingent or otherwise, to be secured by) any mortgage, lien, pledge, charge, security interest or other encumbrance upon or in any property or assets (including accounts and contract rights) owned by any Person, even though the Person which owns such assets or property has not assumed or become liable for the payment of such indebtedness, and (H) all Contingent Obligations in respect of indebtedness or obligations of others of the kinds referred to in clauses (A) through (G) above; and (y) “Contingent Obligation” means, as to any Person, any direct or indirect liability, contingent or otherwise, of that Person with respect to any indebtedness, lease, dividend or other obligation of another Person if the primary purpose or intent of the Person incurring such liability, or the primary effect thereof, is to provide assurance to the obligee of such liability that such liability will be paid or discharged, or that any agreements relating thereto will be complied with, or that the holders of such liability will be protected (in whole or in part) against loss with respect thereto.

 

(bb)  Employee Relations. Neither Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any collective bargaining agreement or employs any member of a union. The Company believes that its relations with its employees are as disclosed in the SEC Reports. Except as disclosed in the SEC Reports, during the period covered by the SEC Reports, no executive officer of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (as defined in Rule 501(f) of the Securities Act) has notified the Company or any such Subsidiary that such officer intends to leave the Company or any such Subsidiary or otherwise terminate such officer's employment with the Company or any such Subsidiary. To the knowledge of the Company or any such Subsidiary, no executive officer of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement, non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant, and the continued employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company or any such Subsidiary to any liability with respect to any of the foregoing matters.

 

(cc)  Labor Matters. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance in all material respects with all federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations respecting labor, employment and employment practices and benefits, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours, except where failure to be in compliance would not, either individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(dd)  Environmental Laws. The Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are in compliance in all material respects with any and all Environmental Laws (as hereinafter defined), (ii) have received all permits, licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses and (iii) are in compliance in all material respects with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval where, in each of the foregoing clauses (i), (ii) and (iii), the failure to so comply would be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect. The term “Environmental Laws” means all federal, state, local or foreign laws relating to pollution or protection of human health or the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata), including, without limitation, laws relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, or toxic or hazardous substances or wastes (collectively, “Hazardous Materials”) into the environment, or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials, as well as all authorizations, codes, decrees, demands or demand letters, injunctions, judgments, licenses, notices or notice letters, orders, permits, plans or regulations issued, entered, promulgated or approved thereunder.

 

(ee)  Subsidiary Rights. The Company or one of its Subsidiaries has the unrestricted right to vote, and (subject to limitations imposed by applicable law) to receive dividends and distributions on, all capital securities of its Subsidiaries as owned by the Company or such Subsidiary.

 

(ff)  Tax Status. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries (i) has made or filed all foreign, federal and state income and all other tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii) has paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations, except those being contested in good faith and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company know of no basis for any such claim.

 

3.2  Representations and Warranties of the Investors.

 

Each Investor hereby, as to itself only and for no other Investor, represents and warrants to the Company as follows:

 

(a)  Organization; Authority. Such Investor is an entity duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization with the requisite corporate, partnership or other power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The purchase by such Investor of the Securities hereunder has been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of such Investor. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by such Investor and constitutes the valid and binding obligation of such Investor, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except as may be limited by (i) applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other laws of general application relating to or affecting the enforcement of creditors rights generally, and (ii) the effect of rules of law governing the availability of specific performance and other equitable remedies.

 

(b)  No Public Sale or Distribution. Such Investor is (i) acquiring the Common Shares and the Warrants and (ii) upon exercise of the Warrants will acquire the Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise thereof, in the ordinary course of business for its own account and not with a view towards, or for resale in connection with, the public sale or distribution thereof, except pursuant to sales registered under the Securities Act or under an exemption from such registration and in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws, and such Investor does not have a present arrangement to effect any distribution of the Securities to or through any Person; provided, however, that by making the representations herein, such Investor does not agree to hold any of the Securities for any minimum or other specific term and reserves the right to dispose of the Securities at any time in accordance with or pursuant to a registration statement or an exemption under the Securities Act.

 

(c)  Investor Status. At the time such Investor was offered the Securities, it was, and at the date hereof it is, an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act or a “qualified institutional buyer” as defined in Rule 144A(a) under the Securities Act. Such Investor is not a registered broker dealer registered under Section 15(a) of the Exchange Act, or a member of the NASD, Inc. or an entity engaged in the business of being a broker dealer. Except as otherwise disclosed in writing to the Company on Exhibit B-2 (attached hereto) on or prior to the date of this Agreement, such Investor is not affiliated with any broker dealer registered under Section 15(a) of the Exchange Act, or a member of the NASD, Inc. or an entity engaged in the business of being a broker dealer.

 

(d)  Experience of Such Investor. Such Investor, either alone or together with its representatives has such knowledge, sophistication and experience in business and financial matters so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment in the Securities, and has so evaluated the merits and risks of such investment. Such Investor understands that it must bear the economic risk of this investment in the Securities indefinitely, and is able to bear such risk and is able to afford a complete loss of such investment.

 

(e)  Access to Information. Such Investor acknowledges that it has reviewed the Disclosure Materials and has been afforded: (i) the opportunity to ask such questions as it has deemed necessary of, and to receive answers from, representatives of the Company concerning the terms and conditions of the offering of the Securities and the merits and risks of investing in the Securities; (ii) access to information (other than material non-public information) about the Company and the Subsidiaries and their respective financial condition, results of operations, business, properties, management and prospects sufficient to enable it to evaluate its investment; and (iii) the opportunity to obtain such additional information that the Company possesses or can acquire without unreasonable effort or expense that is necessary to make an informed investment decision with respect to the investment. Neither such inquiries nor any other investigation conducted by or on behalf of such Investor or its representatives or counsel shall modify, amend or affect such Investor’s right to rely on the truth, accuracy and completeness of the Disclosure Materials and the Company’s representations and warranties contained in the Transaction Documents. Such Investor acknowledges receipt of copies of the SEC Reports.

 

(f)  No Governmental Review. Such Investor understands that no United States federal or state agency or any other government or governmental agency has passed on or made any recommendation or endorsement of the Securities or the fairness or suitability of the investment in the Securities nor have such authorities passed upon or endorsed the merits of the offering of the Securities.

 

(g)  No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance by such Investor of this Agreement and the consummation by such Investor of the transactions contemplated hereby will not (i) result in a violation of the organizational documents of such Investor or (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event which with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any agreement, indenture or instrument to which such Investor is a party, or (iii) result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment or decree (including federal and state securities laws) applicable to such Investor, except in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, for such that are not material and do not otherwise affect the ability of such Investor to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby.

 

(h)  Illegal Transactions. No Investor, directly or indirectly, and no Person acting on behalf of or pursuant to any understanding with any Investor, has engaged in any transactions in the securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any Short Sales involving any of the Company’s securities) since the time that such Investor was first contacted by the Company, the Agent or any other Person regarding an investment in the Securities of the Company. Such Investor covenants that, except as contemplated by the provisions of Section 4.1 hereof, neither it nor any Person acting on its behalf or pursuant to any understanding with such Investor will engage, directly or indirectly, in any transactions in the securities of the Company (including Short Sales) through the Closing Date. “Short Sales” include, without limitation, all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 promulgated under Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act and all types of direct and indirect stock pledges, forward sale contracts, options, puts, calls, short sales, swaps, derivatives and similar arrangements (including on a total return basis), and sales and other transactions through non-U.S. broker-dealers or foreign regulated brokers.

 

(i)  Restricted Securities. The Investors understand that the Securities are characterized as “restricted securities” under the U.S. federal securities laws inasmuch as they are being acquired from the Company in a transaction not involving a public offering and that under such laws and applicable regulations such securities may be resold without registration under the Securities Act only in certain limited circumstances.

 

(j)  Legends. It is understood that, except as provided in Section 4.1(b) of this Agreement, certificates evidencing such Securities may bear the legend set forth in Section 4.1(b)

 

(k)  No Legal, Tax or Investment Advice.

 

Such Investor understands that nothing in this Agreement or any other materials presented by or on behalf of the Company to the Investor in connection with the purchase of the Securities constitutes legal, tax or investment advice. Such Investor has consulted such legal, tax and investment advisors as it, in its sole discretion, has deemed necessary or appropriate in connection with its purchase of the Securities. Such Investor understands that the Agent has acted solely as the agent of the Company in this placement of the Securities, and that the Agent makes no representation or warranty with regard to the merits of this transaction or as to the accuracy of any information such Investor may have received in connection therewith. Such Investor acknowledges that he has not relied on any information or advice furnished by or on behalf of the Agent.

 

ARTICLE IV  

 

 

4.1  Transfer Restrictions.

 

(a)  The Investors covenant that the Securities will only be disposed of pursuant to an effective registration statement under, and in compliance with the requirements of, the Securities Act or pursuant to an available exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, and in compliance with any applicable state securities laws. In connection with any transfer of Securities other than pursuant to an effective registration statement or to the Company, or pursuant to Rule 144(k), the Company may require the transferor to provide to the Company an opinion of counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Company, the form and substance of which opinion shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Company, to the effect that such transfer does not require registration under the Securities Act. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company hereby consents to and agrees to register on the books of the Company and with its transfer agent, without any such legal opinion, except to the extent that the transfer agent requests such legal opinion, any transfer of Securities by an Investor to an Affiliate of such Investor, provided that the transferee certifies to the Company that it is an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act and provided that such Affiliate does not request any removal of any existing legends on any certificate evidencing the Securities.

 

(b)  Each Investor, on behalf of itself and any transferee contemplated by the provisions of subsection (a), above, agrees to the imprinting, so long as is required by this Section 4.1(b), of the following legend on any certificate evidencing any of the Securities:

 

THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), OR ANY APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS OR BLUE SKY LAWS.

 

Certificates evidencing Common Shares shall not be required to contain such legend or any other legend (i) while a registration statement (including the Registration Statement) covering the resale of the Common Shares is effective under the Securities Act, (ii) following any sale of such Common Shares pursuant to Rule 144 if the holder provides the Company with a legal opinion (and the documents upon which the legal opinion is based) reasonably acceptable to the Company to the effect that the Common Shares can be sold under Rule 144, (iii) if the holder provides the Company with documentation reasonably acceptable to the Company to the effect that the Common Shares are eligible for sale under Rule 144(k), or (iv) if the holder provides the Company with a legal opinion (and the documents upon which the legal opinion is based) reasonably acceptable to the Company to the effect that the legend is not required under applicable requirements of the Securities Act (including controlling judicial interpretations and pronouncements issued by the Staff of the SEC). The Company shall cause its counsel to issue the legal opinion included in the Transfer Agent Instructions to the Transfer Agent on the Effective Date. Following the Effective Date, the Company will no later than five Trading Days following the delivery by an Investor to the Company or the Transfer Agent of (i) a legended certificate representing such Common Shares, and (ii) an opinion of counsel to the extent required by Section 4.1(a), deliver or cause to be delivered to such Investor a certificate representing such Common Shares that is free from all restrictive and other legends. The Company may not make any notation on its records or give instructions to the Transfer Agent that enlarge the restrictions on transfer set forth in this Section.

 

If within five Trading Days after the Company’s receipt of a legended certificate and the other documents as specified in Clauses (ii), (iii) and (iv) of the paragraph immediately above, the Company shall fail to issue and deliver to such Investor a certificate representing such Common Shares that is free from all restrictive and other legends, and if on or after such Trading Day and prior to the Company’s delivery of the certificate representing such Common Shares the Investor purchases (in an open market transaction) shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Investor of shares of Common Stock that the Investor anticipated receiving from the Company without any restrictive legend (the “Covering Shares”), then the Company shall, within five Trading Days after the Investor’s request, pay cash (in lieu of delivering such certificate without any restrictive legend) to the Investor in an amount equal to the excess (if any) of the Investor’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the Covering Shares, over the product of (A) the number of Covering Shares, times (B) the Closing Price on the date of delivery of such certificate and the other documents as specified in Clauses (ii), (iii) and (iv) of the paragraph immediately above.

 

(c)  So long as a registration statement (including the Registration Statement) covering the resale of the Securities is effective under the Securities Act, the Company will not object to and shall permit (except as prohibited by law) an Investor to pledge or grant a security interest in some or all of the Securities in connection with a bona fide margin agreement or other loan or financing arrangement secured by the Securities, and if required under the terms of such agreement, loan or arrangement, the Company will not object to and shall permit (except as prohibited by law) such Investor to transfer pledged or secured Securities to the pledges or secured parties. Except as required by law, such a pledge or transfer would not be subject to approval of the Company, no legal opinion of the pledgee, secured party or pledgor shall be required in connection therewith, and no notice shall be required of such pledge. Each Investor acknowledges that the Company shall not be responsible for any pledges relating to, or the grant of any security interest in, any of the Securities or for any agreement, understanding or arrangement between any Investor and its pledgee or secured party. At the appropriate Investor's expense, the Company will execute and deliver such reasonable documentation as a pledgee or secured party of Securities may reasonably request in connection with a pledge or transfer of the Securities, including the preparation and filing of any required prospectus supplement under Rule 424(b)(3) of the Securities Act or other applicable provision of the Securities Act to appropriately amend the list of Selling Stockholders thereunder. Provided that the Company is in compliance with the terms of this Section 4.1(c), the Company’s indemnification obligations pursuant to Section 6.4 shall not extend to any Proceeding or Losses arising out of or related to this Section 4.1(c).

 

4.2  Furnishing of Information.

 

Until the date that any Investor owning Common Shares or Warrant Shares may sell all of them under Rule 144(k) of the Securities Act (or any successor provision), the Company covenants to use its Best Efforts to timely file (or obtain extensions in respect thereof and file within the applicable grace period) all reports required to be filed by the Company after the date hereof pursuant to the Exchange Act.

 

4.3  Integration.

 

The Company shall not, and shall use its Best Efforts to ensure that no Affiliate thereof shall, sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy or otherwise negotiate in respect of any security (as defined in Section 2 of the Securities Act) that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities in a manner that would require the registration under the Securities Act of the sale of the Securities to the Investors. The Company agrees to timely file a Form D with respect to the Securities as required under Regulation D and to provide a copy thereof, promptly upon the written request of any Investor.

 

4.4  Reservation of Securities.

 

The Company shall maintain a reserve from its duly authorized shares of Common Stock for issuance pursuant to the Transaction Documents in such amount as may be required to fulfill its obligations to issue such Common Shares under the Transaction Documents. In the event that at any time the then authorized shares of Common Stock are insufficient for the Company to satisfy its obligations to issue such Common Shares under the Transaction Documents, the Company shall promptly take such actions as may be required to increase the number of authorized shares.

 

4.5  Securities Laws Disclosure; Publicity.

 

The Company shall, on or before 8:30 a.m., New York time, on the first Trading Day following the Agreement Date, issue a press release reasonably acceptable to the Investors disclosing all material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby. Within four Business Days following the Agreement Date, the Company shall file a Current Report on Form 8-K with the SEC (the “8-K Filing”) describing the terms of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents and including as exhibits to such Current Report on Form 8-K the Transaction Documents (including the schedules and the names, and addresses of the Investors and the amount(s) of Securities respectively purchased) and the form of Warrants, in the form required by the Exchange Act. Thereafter, the Company shall timely file any filings and notices required by the SEC or applicable law with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby and provide copies thereof. Except as herein provided, the Company shall not publicly disclose the name of any Investor, or include the name of any Investor in any press release without the prior written consent of such Investor, unless otherwise required by law. The Company shall not, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries and its and each of their respective officers, directors, employees and agents not to, provide any Investor with any material nonpublic information regarding the Company or any of its Subsidiaries from and after the issuance of the above referenced press release without the express written consent of such Investor.

 

4.6  Use of Proceeds.

 

The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the sale of the Securities for working capital and general corporate purposes. The Company also may use a portion of the net proceeds, currently intended for general corporate purposes, to acquire or invest in technologies, products or services that complement its business, although the Company has no present plans or commitments and is not currently engaged in any material negotiations with respect to these types of transactions. Pending these uses, the Company intends to invest the net proceeds from this offering in short-term, interest-bearing, investment-grade securities, or as otherwise pursuant to the Company's customary investment policies.

 

      ARTICLE V  

 

 

5.1  Conditions Precedent to the Obligations of the Investors.

 

The obligation of each Investor to acquire Securities at the Closing is subject to the satisfaction or waiver by such Investor, at or before the Closing, of each of the following conditions:

 

(a)  Representations and Warranties. The representations and warranties of the Company contained herein shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the date when made and as of the Closing as though made on and as of such date;

 

(b)  Deliveries.The Company shall have delivered or caused to be delivered to the Investors the Closing deliveries specified in Section 2.2(a); and

 

(c)  Performance. The Company and each other Investor shall have performed, satisfied or complied in all material respects with all covenants, agreements and conditions required by the Transaction Documents to be performed, satisfied or complied with by it at or prior to the Closing.

 

5.2  Conditions Precedent to the Obligations of the Company.

 

The obligation of the Company to sell the Securities at the Closing is subject to the satisfaction or waiver by the Company, at or before the Closing, of each of the following conditions:

 

(a)  Representations and Warranties. The representations and warranties of the Investors contained herein shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the date when made and as of the Closing Date as though made on and as of such date;

 

(b)  Deliveries.Each Investor shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company the purchase price set forth opposite such Investor’s name on Exhibit A hereto under the heading “Purchase Price” in United States dollars and in immediately available funds, by wire transfer to an account designated in writing to such Investor by the Company for such purpose; and

 

(c)  Performance. The Investors shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with all covenants, agreements and conditions required by the Transaction Documents to be performed, satisfied or complied with by the Investors at or prior to the Closing.

 

ARTICLE VI  

 

 

6.1  Registration Statement.

 

(a)  As promptly as possible, and in any event on or prior to the Filing Date, the Company shall prepare and file with the SEC a Registration Statement covering the resale of all Registrable Securities for an offering to be made on a continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415. The Registration Statement shall be on Form S-3 (except if the Company is not then eligible to register for resale the Registrable Securities on Form S-3, in which case such registration shall be on another appropriate form in accordance with the Securities Act and the Exchange Act) and shall contain (except if otherwise directed by the Investors or requested by the SEC) the “Plan of Distribution” in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit D.

 

(b)  The Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Registration Statement to be declared effective by the SEC as promptly as possible after the filing thereof, but in any event prior to the Required Effectiveness Date, and shall use its Best Efforts to keep the Registration Statement continuously effective under the Securities Act until the earlier of the date that all Common Shares and Warrant Shares covered by such Registration Statement have been sold or can be sold publicly under Rule 144(k) (the “Effectiveness Period”); provided that, upon notification by the SEC that a Registration Statement will not be reviewed or is no longer subject to further review and comments, the Company shall request acceleration of such Registration Statement within five (5) Trading Days after receipt of such notice and request that it becomes effective on 4:00 p.m. New York City time on the Effective Date.

 

(c)  The Company shall notify the Investors in writing promptly (and in any event within two Trading Days) after receiving notification from the SEC that the Registration Statement has been declared effective.

 

(d)  Should an Event (as defined below) occur, then upon the occurrence of such Event, and on every monthly anniversary thereof until the applicable Event is cured, or until such time as the Common Shares shall have been disposed of by an Investor or are saleable under Rule 144 in any three-month period, whichever occurs earlier (each a “Cure Date”) the Company shall pay to such Investor an amount in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, equal to one percent (1.0%) of (i) the number of Common Shares held by such Investor as of the date of such Event, multiplied by (ii) the purchase price paid by such Investor for such Common Shares then held; provided, however, that the total amount of payments pursuant to this Section 6.1(d) shall not exceed, when aggregated with all such payments paid to all Investors, ten percent (10%) of the aggregate purchase price paid by all Investors. The payments to which an Investor shall be entitled pursuant to this Section 6.1(d) are referred to herein as “Event Payments.” Any Event Payments payable pursuant to the terms hereof shall apply on a pro rated basis for any portion of a month prior to the applicable Cure Date, and shall be paid within five (5) Business Days of each monthly anniversary of an Event. In the event the Company fails to make Event Payments in a timely manner, such Event Payments shall bear interest at the rate of one percent (1.0%) per month (prorated for partial months) until paid in full. All pro rated calculations made pursuant to this paragraph shall be based upon the actual number of days in such pro rated month.

 

For such purposes, each of the following shall constitute an “Event”:

(i)  the Registration Statement is not filed on or prior to the Filing Date or is not declared effective on or prior to the Required Effectiveness Date (in each instance other than due to the fault of any Investor);

 

(ii)  except as provided for in Section 6.1(e) (the “Excluded Events”), after the Effective Date, an Investor is not permitted to sell Registrable Securities under the Registration Statement (or a subsequent Registration Statement filed in replacement thereof) for any reason (other than the fault of such Investor) for five or more consecutive Trading Days in any ninety (90) Trading Day Period;

 

(iii)  except as a result of the Excluded Events, the Common Stock is not listed or quoted, or is suspended from trading, on an Eligible Market for a period of ten (10) consecutive Trading Days during the Effectiveness Period; or

 

(iv)  during the Effectiveness Period, except as a result of the Excluded Events, the Company fails to have any Shares listed on an Eligible Market.

 

(e)  Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, after 60 consecutive Trading Days of continuous effectiveness of the initial Registration Statement filed and declared effective pursuant to this Agreement, the Company may, by written notice to the Investors, suspend sales under a Registration Statement after the Effective Date thereof and/or require that the Investors immediately cease the sale of shares of Common Stock pursuant thereto and/or defer the filing of any subsequent Registration Statement if the Company is engaged in a material merger, acquisition or sale and the Board of Directors determines in good faith, based on the advice of counsel, by appropriate resolutions, that, as a result of such activity, (A) it would be materially detrimental to the Company to maintain a Registration Statement at such time or (B) it is in the best interests of the Company to suspend sales under such registration at such time. Upon receipt of such notice, each Investor shall immediately discontinue any sales of Registrable Securities pursuant to such registration until such Investor is advised in writing by the Company that the current Prospectus or amended Prospectus, as applicable, may be used. In no event, however, shall this right be exercised to suspend sales beyond the period during which (in the good faith determination of the Company’s Board of Directors) the failure to require such suspension would be materially detrimental to the Company. The Company’s rights under this Section 6(e) may be exercised for a period of no more than 20 Trading Days at a time and not more than two times in any twelve-month period, without such suspension being considered as part of an Event Payment determination. Immediately after the end of any suspension period under this Section 6(e), the Company shall take all necessary actions (including filing any required supplemental prospectus) to restore the effectiveness of the applicable Registration Statement and the ability of the Investors to publicly resell their Registrable Securities pursuant to such effective Registration Statement. Any notice delivered to Investors under this Section 6.1(e) shall not contain material, non-public information regarding the Company.

 

(f)  Except in connection with the registration rights of Abengoa under the Abengoa Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company shall not, from the date hereof until the Effective Date of the Registration Statement, prepare and file with the SEC a registration statement relating to an offering for its own account or the account of others under the Securities Act of any of its equity securities, other than any registration statement or post-effective amendment to a registration statement (or supplement thereto) relating to the Company’s employee benefit plans registered on Form S-8.

 

6.2  Registration Procedures.

 

In connection with the Company’s registration obligations hereunder, the Company shall:

 

(a)  Not less than three Trading Days prior to the filing of a Registration Statement or any related Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, furnish via email to those Investors who have supplied the Company with email addresses copies of all such documents proposed to be filed, which documents (other than any document that is incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference therein) will be subject to the review of such Investors. The Company shall reflect in each such document when so filed with the SEC such comments regarding the Investors and the plan of distribution as the Investors may reasonably and promptly propose in writing no later than one Trading Day after the Investors have been so furnished with copies of such documents as aforesaid.

 

(b)  (i) Subject to Section 6.1(e), prepare and file with the SEC such amendments, including post-effective amendments, to each Registration Statement and the Prospectus used in connection therewith as may be necessary to keep the Registration Statement continuously effective, as to the applicable Registrable Securities for the Effectiveness Period and prepare and file with the SEC such additional Registration Statements in order to register for resale under the Securities Act all of the Registrable Securities; (ii) cause the related Prospectus to be amended or supplemented by any required Prospectus supplement, and as so supplemented or amended to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; (iii) respond as promptly as reasonably possible, and in any event within 12 Trading Days (except to the extent that the Company reasonably requires additional time to respond to accounting comments), to any comments received from the SEC with respect to the Registration Statement or any amendment thereto; and (iv) comply in all material respects with the provisions of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act with respect to the disposition of all Registrable Securities covered by the Registration Statement during the applicable period in accordance with the intended methods of disposition by the Investors thereof set forth in the Registration Statement as so amended or in such Prospectus as so supplemented.

 

(c)  Notify the Investors as promptly as reasonably possible, and (if requested by the Investors in writing confirm such notice in writing no later than two Trading Days thereafter, of any of the following events: (i) the SEC notifies the Company whether there will be a “review” of any Registration Statement; (ii) the SEC comments in writing on any Registration Statement; (iii) any Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment is declared effective; (iv) the SEC or any other Federal or state governmental authority requests any amendment or supplement to any Registration Statement or Prospectus or requests additional information related thereto; (v) the SEC issues any stop order suspending the effectiveness of any Registration Statement or initiates any Proceedings for that purpose; (vi) the Company receives notice of any suspension of the qualification or exemption from qualification of any Registrable Securities for sale in any jurisdiction, or the initiation or threat of any Proceeding for such purpose; or (vii) the financial statements included in any Registration Statement become ineligible for inclusion therein or any Registration Statement or Prospectus or other document contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

 

(d)  Use its reasonable Best Efforts to avoid the issuance of or, if issued, obtain the withdrawal of (i) any order suspending the effectiveness of any Registration Statement, or (ii) any suspension of the qualification (or exemption from qualification) of any of the Registrable Securities for sale in any jurisdiction, as soon as possible.

 

(e)  If requested by an Investor, provide such Investor, without charge, at least one conformed copy of each Registration Statement and each amendment thereto, including financial statements and schedules, and all exhibits to the extent so requested by such Person in writing (including those previously furnished or incorporated by reference) promptly after the filing of such documents with the SEC.

 

(f)  Promptly deliver to each Investor, without charge, as many copies of the Prospectus or Prospectuses (including each form of prospectus) and each amendment or supplement thereto as such Persons may reasonably request. The Company hereby consents to the use of such Prospectus and each amendment or supplement thereto by each of the selling Investors in connection with the offering and sale of the Registrable Securities covered by such Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto to the extent permitted by federal and state securities laws and regulations and in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

 

(g)  (i) In the time and manner required by each Trading Market, prepare and file with such Trading Market an additional shares listing application covering all of the Registrable Securities; (ii) take all steps necessary to cause such Common Shares to be approved for listing on each Trading Market as soon as possible thereafter; (iii) provide to Investors evidence of such listing; and (iv) except as a result of the Excluded Events, during the Effectiveness Period, maintain the listing of such Common Shares on each such Trading Market or another Eligible Market.

 

(h)  Prior to any public offering of Registrable Securities, use its reasonable Best Efforts to register or qualify or cooperate with the selling Investors in connection with the registration or qualification (or exemption from such registration or qualification) of such Registrable Securities for offer and sale under the securities or Blue Sky laws of such jurisdictions within the United States as any Investor requests in writing, to keep each such registration or qualification (or exemption therefrom) effective for so long as required, but not to exceed the duration of the Effectiveness Period, and to do any and all other acts or things reasonably necessary or advisable to enable the disposition in such jurisdictions of the Registrable Securities covered by a Registration Statement; provided, however, that the Company shall not be obligated to file any general consent to service of process or to qualify as a foreign corporation or as a dealer in securities in any jurisdiction in which it is not so qualified or to subject itself to taxation in respect of doing business in any jurisdiction in which it is not otherwise so subject.

 

(i)  Cooperate with the Investors to facilitate the timely preparation and delivery of certificates representing Registrable Securities to be delivered to a transferee pursuant to a Registration Statement, which certificates shall be free, to the extent permitted by this Agreement and under law, of all restrictive legends, and to enable such Registrable Securities to be in such denominations and registered in such names as any such Investors may reasonably request.

 

(j)  Upon the occurrence of any event described in Section 6.2(c)(vii), as promptly as reasonably possible, prepare a supplement or amendment, including a post-effective amendment, to the Registration Statement or a supplement to the related Prospectus or any document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated therein by reference, and file any other required document so that, as thereafter delivered, neither the Registration Statement nor such Prospectus will contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

 

(k)  Cooperate with any reasonable due diligence investigation undertaken by the Investors in connection with the sale of Registrable Securities, including, without limitation, by making available documents and information; provided that the Company will not deliver or make available to any Investor material, nonpublic information unless such Investor requests in advance in writing to receive material, nonpublic information and agrees to keep such information confidential.

 

(l)  Comply in all material respects with all rules and regulations of the SEC applicable to the registration of the Securities.

 

(m)  It shall be a condition precedent to the obligations of the Company to complete the registration pursuant to this Agreement with respect to the Registrable Securities of any particular Investor or to make any Event Payments set forth in Section 6.1(c) to such Investor that such Investor furnish to the Company the information specified in Exhibits B-1, B-2 and B-3 hereto and such other information regarding itself, the Registrable Securities and other shares of Common Stock held by it and the intended method of disposition of the Registrable Securities held by it (if different from the Plan of Distribution set forth on Exhibit D hereto) as shall be reasonably required to effect the registration of such Registrable Securities and shall complete and execute such documents in connection with such registration as the Company may reasonably request.

 

(n)  The Company shall comply with all applicable rules and regulations of the SEC under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including, without limitation, Rule 172 under the Securities Act, file any final Prospectus, including any supplement or amendment thereof, with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424 under the Securities Act, promptly inform the selling Investors in writing if, at any time during the Effectiveness Period, the Company does not satisfy the conditions specified in Rule 172 and, as a result thereof, the selling Investors are required to make available a Prospectus in connection with any disposition of Registrable Securities and take such other actions as may be reasonably necessary to facilitate the registration of the Registrable Securities hereunder.

 

6.3  Registration Expenses.

 

The Company shall pay all fees and expenses incident to the performance of or compliance with Article VI of this Agreement by the Company, including without limitation (a) all registration and filing fees and expenses, including without limitation those related to filings with the SEC, any Trading Market and in connection with applicable state securities or Blue Sky laws, (b) printing expenses (including without limitation expenses of printing certificates for Registrable Securities), (c) messenger, telephone and delivery expenses, (d) fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company, (e) fees and expenses of all other Persons retained by the Company in connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and (f) all listing fees to be paid by the Company to the Trading Market.

 

6.4  Indemnification.

 

(a)  Indemnification by the Company. The Company shall, notwithstanding any termination of this Agreement, indemnify and hold harmless each Investor, the officers, directors, partners, members, agents and employees of each of them, each Person who controls any such Investor (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act) and the officers, directors, partners, members, agents and employees of each such controlling Person, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, from and against any and all Losses, as incurred, arising out of or relating to (i) any misrepresentation or breach of any representation or warranty made by the Company in the Transaction Documents or any other certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby, (ii) any breach of any covenant, agreement or obligation of the Company contained in the Transaction Documents or any other certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby, (iii) any cause of action, suit or claim brought or made against such Indemnified Party (as defined in Section 6.4(c) below) by a third party (including for these purposes a derivative action brought on behalf of the Company), arising out of or resulting from (x) execution, delivery, performance or enforcement of the Transaction Documents or any other certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby or (y) the status of Indemnified Party as holder of the Securities or (iv) any untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, any Prospectus or any form of Company prospectus or in any amendment or supplement thereto or in any Company preliminary prospectus, or arising out of or relating to any omission or alleged omission of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein (in the case of any Prospectus or form of prospectus or supplement thereto, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made) not misleading, except to the extent, but only to the extent, that (A) such untrue statements, alleged untrue statements, omissions or alleged omissions are based upon information regarding such Investor furnished in writing to the Company by or on behalf of such Investor for use therein, or to the extent that such information relates to such Investor or such Investor's proposed method of distribution of Registrable Securities and was reviewed and expressly approved by such Investor expressly for use in the Registration Statement, or (B) with respect to any prospectus, if the untrue statement or omission of material fact contained in such prospectus was corrected on a timely basis in the prospectus, as then amended or supplemented, if such corrected prospectus was timely made available by the Company to such Investor, and such Investor seeking indemnity hereunder was advised in writing not to use the incorrect prospectus prior to the use giving rise to Losses. The preceding to the contrary notwithstanding: (I) the maximum liability to the Company under clauses (i) through (iii) of this Section 6.4(a) shall in no event exceed the aggregate sum of the purchase prices set forth opposite the Investors’ names on Exhibit A hereto under the heading “Purchase Price”; and (II) other than the obligations of the Company to the Investors the performance of which is to be made or continue to be made by the Company on or after the first anniversary of the Agreement Date, all of the other obligations of the Company under clauses (i) through (iii) of this Section 6.4(a) shall terminate and be without further force and effect on the first anniversary of the Closing Date. Each Investor acknowledges and agrees the Company’s payment of liquidated damages to such Investor under Section 6.1(d) hereof shall automatically preclude such Investor and its related indemnified parties from seeking indemnity under this Section 6.4(a) for any Losses related to the Company’s registration obligations under Section 6.1 hereof and automatically relieve the Company of any related indemnification obligations hereunder in connection with such Losses.

 

(b)  Indemnification by Investors. Each Investor shall, severally and not jointly, indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its directors, officers, agents and employees, each Person who controls the Company (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors, officers, agents or employees of such controlling Persons, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, from and against all Losses arising out of or relating to (i) any misrepresentation or breach of any representation or warranty made by such Investor in the Transaction Documents or any other certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby, (ii) any breach of any covenant, agreement or obligation of such Investor contained in the Transaction Documents or any other certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby, (iii) arising out of any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, any Prospectus, or any form of prospectus, or in any amendment or supplement thereto, or arising out of or relating to any omission of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein (in the case of any Prospectus or form of prospectus or supplement thereto, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made) not misleading, but only to the extent that such untrue statement or omission is contained in any information so furnished by or on behalf of such Investor in writing to the Company specifically for inclusion in such Registration Statement or such Prospectus or to the extent that such untrue statements or omissions are based upon information regarding such Investor furnished to the Company by or on behalf of such Investor in writing expressly for use therein, or to the extent that such information relates to such Investor or such Investor’s proposed method of distribution of Registrable Securities and was reviewed and expressly approved by or on behalf of such Investor expressly for use in the Registration Statement (it being understood that the information provided by the Investor to the Company in Exhibits B-1, B-2 and B-3 and the Plan of Distribution set forth on Exhibit D, as the same may be modified by or on behalf of such Investor and other information provided by or on behalf of the Investor to the Company in or pursuant to the Transaction Documents constitutes information reviewed and expressly approved by such Investor in writing expressly for use in the Registration Statement), such Prospectus or such form of Prospectus or in any amendment or supplement thereto. In no event shall the liability of any selling Investor hereunder be greater in amount than the dollar amount of the net proceeds received by such Investor upon the sale of the Registrable Securities giving rise to such indemnification obligation. The preceding to the contrary notwithstanding: (I) the maximum liability of each such Investor under clauses (i) and (ii) of this Section 6.4(b) shall in no event exceed the purchase price set forth opposite such Investor’s name on Exhibit A hereto under the heading “Purchase Price”; and (II) other than the obligations of each such Investor to the Company the performance of which is to be made or continue to be made by each such Investor on or after the first anniversary of the Agreement Date, all of the other obligations of each such Investor under clauses (i) and (ii) of this Section 6.4(b) shall terminate and be without further force and effect on the first anniversary of the Closing Date.

 

(c)  Conduct of Indemnification Proceedings. If any Proceeding shall be brought or asserted against any Person entitled to indemnity hereunder (an “Indemnified Party”), such Indemnified Party shall promptly notify the Person from whom indemnity is sought (the “Indemnifying Party”) in writing, and the Indemnifying Party shall assume the defense thereof, including the employment of counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Party and the payment of all fees and expenses incurred in connection with defense thereof; provided, that the failure of any Indemnified Party to give such notice shall not relieve the Indemnifying Party of its obligations or liabilities pursuant to this Agreement, except (and only) to the extent that it shall be finally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction (which determination is not subject to appeal or further review) that such failure shall have proximately and materially adversely prejudiced the Indemnifying Party.

 

An Indemnified Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such Proceeding and to participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Indemnified Party or Parties unless: (i) the Indemnifying Party has agreed in writing to pay such fees and expenses; or (ii) the Indemnifying Party shall have failed promptly to assume the defense of such Proceeding and to employ counsel reasonably satisfactory to such Indemnified Party in any such Proceeding; or (iii) the named parties to any such Proceeding (including any impleaded parties) include both such Indemnified Party and the Indemnifying Party, and such Indemnified Party shall have been advised by counsel that a conflict of interest is likely to exist if the same counsel were to represent such Indemnified Party and the Indemnifying Party (in which case, if such Indemnified Party notifies the Indemnifying Party in writing that it elects to employ separate counsel at the expense of the Indemnifying Party, the Indemnifying Party shall not have the right to assume the defense thereof and the reasonable fees and expenses of separate counsel shall be at the expense of the Indemnifying Party). It being understood, however, that the Indemnifying Party shall not, in connection with any one such Proceeding (including separate Proceedings that have been or will be consolidated before a single judge) be liable for the fees and expenses of more than one separate firm of attorneys at any time for all Indemnified Parties, which firm shall be appointed by a majority of the Indemnified Parties. The Indemnifying Party shall not be liable for any settlement of any such Proceeding effected without its written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. No Indemnifying Party shall, without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Party, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed, effect any settlement of any pending Proceeding in respect of which any Indemnified Party is a party, unless such settlement includes an unconditional release of such Indemnified Party from all liability on claims that are or could have been the subject matter of such Proceeding.

 

All reasonable fees and expenses of the Indemnified Party (including reasonable fees and expenses to the extent incurred in connection with investigating or preparing to defend such Proceeding in a manner not inconsistent with this Section) shall be paid to the Indemnified Party, as incurred, within 20 Trading Days of written notice thereof to the Indemnifying Party, provided that the Indemnifying Party may require such Indemnified Party to undertake to reimburse all such fees and expenses to the extent it is finally judicially determined that such Indemnified Party is not entitled to indemnification hereunder). 

 

(d)  Contribution. If a claim for indemnification under Section 6.4(a) or  (b) is unavailable to an Indemnified Party (by reason of public policy or otherwise), then each Indemnifying Party, in lieu of indemnifying such Indemnified Party, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such Indemnified Party as a result of such Losses, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative fault of the Indemnifying Party and Indemnified Party in connection with the actions, statements or omissions that resulted in such Losses as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative fault of such Indemnifying Party and Indemnified Party shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether any action in question, including any untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission of a material fact, has been taken or made by, or relates to information supplied by or on behalf of, such Indemnifying Party or Indemnified Party, and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such action, statement or omission. The amount paid or payable by a party as a result of any Losses shall be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth in Section 6.4(c), any reasonable attorneys’ or other reasonable fees or expenses incurred by such party in connection with any Proceeding to the extent such party would have been indemnified for such fees or expenses if the indemnification provided for in this Section was available to such party in accordance with its terms.

 

The parties hereto agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 6.4(d) were determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation that does not take into account the equitable considerations referred to in the immediately preceding paragraph. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 6.4(d), no Investor shall be required to contribute, in the aggregate, any amount in excess of the amount by which the proceeds actually received by such Investor from the sale of the Registrable Securities subject to the Proceeding exceeds the amount of any damages that such Investor has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. No Person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any Person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.

 

Except as expressly provided in the last sentence of Section 6.4(a), the indemnity and contribution agreements contained in this Section  are in addition to any liability that the Indemnifying Parties may have to the Indemnified Parties.

 

6.5  Dispositions.

 

Each Investor agrees that it will comply with the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act as applicable to it in connection with sales of Registrable Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement and shall sell its Registrable Securities in accordance with the Plan of Distribution set forth in the Prospectus. Each Investor further agrees that, upon receipt of a notice from the Company of the occurrence of any event of the kind described in Sections 6.2(c)(v), (vi) or (vii), such Investor will discontinue disposition of such Registrable Securities under the Registration Statement until such Investor is advised in writing by the Company that the use of the Prospectus, or amended Prospectus, as applicable, may be used. The Company may provide appropriate stop orders to enforce the provisions of this paragraph.

 

6.6  No Piggyback on Registrations.

 

Neither the Company nor any of its security holders (other than the Investors in such capacity pursuant hereto and Abengoa pursuant to the Abengoa Securities Purchase Agreement) may include securities of the Company in the Registration Statement other than the Registrable Securities and securities held by Abengoa for which it has registration rights under the Abengoa Securities Purchase Agreement.

 

6.7  Piggy-Back Registrations.

 

If at any time during the Effectiveness Period there is not an effective Registration Statement covering all of the Registrable Securities and the Company shall determine to prepare and file with the SEC a registration statement relating to an offering for its own account or the account of others under the Securities Act of any of its equity securities, other than on Form S-4 or Form S-8 (each as promulgated under the Securities Act) or their then equivalents relating to equity securities to be issued solely in connection with any acquisition of any entity or business or equity securities issuable in connection with stock option or other employee benefit plans, then the Company shall send to each Investor not then eligible to sell all of its Registrable Securities under Rule 144 in a three-month period, written notice of such determination and if, within ten days after receipt of such notice, any such Investor shall so request in writing, the Company shall include in such registration statement all or any part of such Registrable Securities such Investor requests to be registered. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that, in connection with any underwritten public offering, the managing underwriter(s) thereof shall impose a limitation on the number of shares of Common Stock which may be included in the Registration Statement because, in such underwriter(s)’ judgment, marketing or other factors dictate such limitation is necessary to facilitate public distribution, then the Company shall be obligated to include in such Registration Statement only such limited portion of the Registrable Securities with respect to which such Investor has requested inclusion hereunder as the underwriter shall permit; provided, however, that (i) the Company shall not exclude any Registrable Securities unless the Company has first excluded all outstanding securities, the holders of which are not contractually entitled to inclusion of such securities in such Registration Statement or are not contractually entitled to pro rata inclusion with the Registrable Securities and (ii) after giving effect to the immediately preceding proviso, any such exclusion of Registrable Securities shall be made pro rata among the Investors seeking to include Registrable Securities and the holders of other securities having the contractual right to inclusion of their securities in such Registration Statement by reason of demand registration rights, in proportion to the number of Registrable Securities or other securities, as applicable, sought to be included by each such Investor or other holder(s). If an offering in connection with which an Investor is entitled to registration under this Section 6.7 is an underwritten offering, then each Investor whose Registrable Securities are included in such Registration Statement shall, unless otherwise agreed by the Company, offer and sell such Registrable Securities in an underwritten offering using the same underwriter or underwriters and, subject to the provisions of this Agreement, on the same terms and conditions as other shares of Common Stock included in such underwritten offering and shall enter into an underwriting agreement in a form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Company and the underwriter or underwriters. Upon the effectiveness of the registration statement for which piggy-back registration has been provided in this Section 6.7, any Event Payments payable to an Investor whose Securities are included in such registration statement shall terminate.

 

     ARTICLE VII  

 

 

7.1  Termination.

 

This Agreement may be terminated by the Company or any Investor, by written notice to the other parties, if the Closing has not been consummated by the twentieth Business Day following the date of this Agreement; provided that no such termination will affect the right of any party to sue for any breach by the other party (or parties).

 

7.2  Fees and Expenses.

 

Except as expressly set forth in the Transaction Documents to the contrary, each party shall pay the fees and expenses of its advisers, counsel, accountants and other experts, if any, and all other expenses incurred by such party incident to the negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees, stamp taxes and other taxes and duties levied in connection with the sale and issuance of their applicable Securities.

 

7.3  Entire Agreement.

 

The Transaction Documents, together with the Exhibits and Schedules thereto, contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written, with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such documents, exhibits and schedules. At or after the Closing, and without further consideration, each party will execute and deliver to the parties such further documents as may be reasonably requested in order to give practical effect to the intention of the parties under the Transaction Documents.

 

7.4  Notices.

 

Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (a) the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile or email at the facsimile number or email address specified in this Section  prior to 4:00 p.m. (New York City time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile or email at the facsimile number or email address specified in this Section on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 4:00 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (c) the Trading Day following the date of deposit with a nationally recognized overnight courier service, or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. The addresses, facsimile numbers and email addresses for such notices and communications are those set forth on the signature pages hereof, or such other address or facsimile number as may be designated in writing hereafter, in the same manner, by any such Person.

 

7.5  Amendments; Waivers.

 

No provision of this Agreement may be waived or amended except in a written instrument signed, in the case of an amendment, by the Company and each of the Investors or, in the case of a waiver, by the party against whom enforcement of any such waiver is sought. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of either party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a waiver or consent to depart from the provisions hereof with respect to a matter that relates exclusively to the rights of Investors under Article VI may be given by Investors holding at least a majority of the Registrable Securities to which such waiver or consent relates.

 

7.6  Construction.

 

The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any of the provisions hereof. The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent, and no rules of strict construction will be applied against any party.

 

7.7  Successors and Assigns.

 

This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and permitted assigns. The Company may not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the Investors. From and after the Closing Date, any Investor may assign its rights under this Agreement to any Person to whom such Investor assigns or transfers any Securities, provided (i) such transferor agrees in writing with the transferee or assignee to assign such rights, and a copy of such agreement is furnished to the Company after such assignment, (ii) the Company is furnished with written notice of (x) the name and address of such transferee or assignee and (y) the Registrable Securities with respect to which such registration rights are being transferred or assigned, (iii) following such transfer or assignment, the further disposition of such Securities by the transferee or assignee is restricted under the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws, (iv) such transferee agrees in writing to be bound, with respect to the transferred Securities, by the provisions hereof that apply to the “Investors” and (v) such transfer shall have been made in accordance with the applicable requirements of this Agreement and with all laws applicable thereto.

 

7.8  No Third-Party Beneficiaries.

 

This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person, except that each Indemnified Party is an intended third party beneficiary of Section 6.4 and (in each case) may enforce the provisions of such Sections directly against the parties with obligations thereunder.

 

7.9  Governing Law.

 

THE CORPORATE LAWS OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE SHALL GOVERN ALL ISSUES CONCERNING THE RELATIVE RIGHTS OF THE COMPANY AND ITS STOCKHOLDERS. ALL QUESTIONS CONCERNING THE CONSTRUCTION, VALIDITY, ENFORCEMENT AND INTERPRETATION OF THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

 

7.10  Survival.

 

The representations and warranties, agreements and covenants contained herein shall survive the Closing.

 

7.11  Execution.

 

This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to the other party, it being understood that both parties need not sign the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by facsimile transmission or email attachment, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such facsimile or email-attached signature page were an original thereof.

 

7.12  Severability.

 

If any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid or unenforceable in any respect, the validity and enforceability of the remaining terms and provisions of this Agreement shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby and the parties will attempt to agree upon a valid and enforceable provision that is a reasonable substitute therefor, and upon so agreeing, shall incorporate such substitute provision in this Agreement.

 

7.13  Rescission and Withdrawal Right.

 

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting any similar provisions of) the Transaction Documents, whenever any Investor exercises a right, election, demand or option owed to such Investor by the Company under a Transaction Document and the Company does not timely perform its related obligations within the periods therein provided, then, prior to the performance by the Company of the Company's related obligation, such Investor may rescind or withdraw, in its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the Company, any relevant notice, demand or election in whole or in part without prejudice to its future actions and rights.

 

7.14  Replacement of Securities.

 

If any certificate or instrument evidencing any Securities is mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the Company shall issue or cause to be issued in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation thereof, or in lieu of and substitution therefor, a new certificate or instrument, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of such loss, theft or destruction and the execution by the holder thereof of a customary lost certificate affidavit of that fact and an agreement to indemnify and hold harmless the Company for any losses in connection therewith. The applicants for a new certificate or instrument under such circumstances shall also pay any reasonable third-party costs associated with the issuance of such replacement Securities.

 

7.15  Remedies.

 

In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of damages, each of the Investors and the Company will be entitled to seek specific performance under the Transaction Documents. The parties agree that monetary damages may not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations described in the foregoing sentence and hereby agrees to waive in any action for specific performance of any such obligation (other than in connection with any action for temporary restraining order) the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.

 

7.16  Payment Set Aside.

 

To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to any Investor hereunder or any Investor enforces or exercises its rights hereunder or thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or exercise or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, recovered from, disgorged by or are required to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company by a trustee, receiver or any other Person under any law (including, without limitation, any bankruptcy law, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause of action), then to the extent of any such restoration the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement or setoff had not occurred.

 

7.17  Adjustments in Share Numbers and Prices.

 

In the event of any stock split, subdivision, dividend or distribution affecting the Company’s stockholders pro rata and payable in shares of Common Stock (or other securities or rights convertible into, or entitling the holder thereof to receive directly or indirectly shares of Common Stock), combination or other similar recapitalization or event affecting the Company’s stockholders pro rata and occurring after the date hereof and prior to the Closing, each reference in any Transaction Document to a number of shares or a price per share shall be amended to appropriately account for such event.

 

7.18  Independent Nature of Investors' Obligations and Rights.

 

The obligations of each Investor under any Transaction Document are several and not joint with the obligations of any other Investor, and no Investor shall be responsible in any way for the performance of the obligations of any other Investor under any Transaction Document. The decision of each Investor to purchase Securities pursuant to this Agreement has been made by such Investor independently of any other Investor and independently of any information, materials, statements or opinions as to the business, affairs, operations, assets, properties, liabilities, results of operations, condition (financial or otherwise) or prospects of the Company which may have been made or given by any other Investor or by any agent or employee of any other Investor, and no Investor or any of its agents or employees shall have any liability to any other Investor (or any other person) relating to or arising from any such information, materials, statements or opinions. Nothing contained herein or in any Transaction Document, and no action taken by any Investor pursuant thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Investors as a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Investors are in any way acting in concert or as a group with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Document. Each Investor acknowledges that no other Investor has acted as agent for such Investor in connection with making its investment hereunder and that no other Investor will be acting as agent of such Investor in connection with monitoring its investment hereunder. Each Investor shall be entitled to independently protect and enforce its rights, including without limitation the rights arising out of this Agreement or out of the other Transaction Documents, and it shall not be necessary for any other Investor to be joined as an additional party in any proceeding for such purpose.

 

[SIGNATURE PAGES TO FOLLOW]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated above.

 

 

 

By:  /s/ Mark A. Emalfarb 

Name: Mark A. Emalfarb

Title: Chief Executive Officer

 

Address for Notice:

 

140 Intracoastal Pointe Drive,

Suite 404, Jupiter, Florida 33477

 

Facsimile No.: 561 ###-###-####

Telephone No.: 561 ###-###-####

Attn: Chief Executive Officer

With a copy to: 

 

Greenberg Traurig, P.A.

1221 Brickell Avenue

Miami, Florida 33131

 

Facsimile: 305 ###-###-####

Telephone: 305 ###-###-####

Attn: Andrew E. Balog, Esq.

Greenberg Traurig, LLP

77 West Wacker Drive, Suite 2500

Chicago, Illinois 60601

 

Facsimile: 312 ###-###-####

Telephone: 312 ###-###-####

Attn: Robert I. Schwimmer, Esq.

 

COMPANY SIGNATURE PAGE

 

 

By its execution and delivery of this signature page, the undersigned Investor hereby joins in and agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of the Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of November 17, 2006 (the “Purchase Agreement”) by and among Dyadic International, Inc. and the Investors (as defined therein), as to the number of shares of Common Stock and Warrants set forth below, and authorizes this signature page to be attached to the Purchase Agreement or counterparts thereof.

 

Name of Investor:

T. Row Price Associates, Inc. Investment Adviser to the Funds and Accounts in Attachment A

By:  /s/ Jay S. Markowitz

Name: Jay S. Markowitz

Title: Vice President

T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc.

Address: 100 East Pratt Street

                  Baltimore, MD 21202

Attention: Darrell N. Braman

Telephone No.:

Facsimile No.:

Email Address:

Number of Shares: 1,200,000 Aggregate

Number of Warrants: 240,000 Aggregate

Aggregate Purchase Price: $5,616,000.00

Exhibits:

A Schedule of Investors

B Instruction Sheet for Investors

B-1  Stock Certificate Questionnaire for Investors

B-2 Registration Statement Questionnaire for Investors

B-3 Certificate for Corporation, Partnership, Limited Liability Company,

       Trust, Foundation and Joint Investors

C Opinion of Company Corporate Counsel

D Plan of Distribution

E Company Transfer Agent Instructions

F Form of Warrant

 

 

By its execution and delivery of this signature page, the undersigned Investor hereby joins in and agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of the Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of November 17, 2006 (the “Purchase Agreement”) by and among Dyadic International, Inc. and the Investors (as defined therein), as to the number of shares of Common Stock and Warrants set forth below, and authorizes this signature page to be attached to the Purchase Agreement or counterparts thereof.

 

Name of Investor:

Fort Mason Master, LP

By:  /s/ Dan German

Name: Dan German

Title: Managing Member

          Fort Mason Capital, LLC

Address: 4 Embarcadero Ctr., Ste 2050

                 San Francisco, CA 94111

Attention: KC Lynch & Marshall Jensen

Telephone No.:

Facsimile No.:

Email Address:

Number of Shares: 322,581

Number of Warrants: 64,516

Aggregate Purchase Price: $1,509,679.08

Exhibits:

A Schedule of Investors

B Instruction Sheet for Investors

B-1  Stock Certificate Questionnaire for Investors

B-2 Registration Statement Questionnaire for Investors

B-3 Certificate for Corporation, Partnership, Limited Liability Company,

       Trust, Foundation and Joint Investors

C Opinion of Company Corporate Counsel

D Plan of Distribution

E Company Transfer Agent Instructions

F Form of Warrant

 

 

 

By its execution and delivery of this signature page, the undersigned Investor hereby joins in and agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of the Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of November 17, 2006 (the “Purchase Agreement”) by and among Dyadic International, Inc. and the Investors (as defined therein), as to the number of shares of Common Stock and Warrants set forth below, and authorizes this signature page to be attached to the Purchase Agreement or counterparts thereof.

 

Name of Investor:

Fort Mason Partners, LP

By:  /s/ Dan German

Name: Dan German

Title: Managing Member

          Fort Mason Capital, LLC

Address: 4 Embarcadero Ctr., Ste 2050

                  San Francisco, CA 94111

Attention: KC Lynch & Marshall Jensen

Telephone No.:

Facsimile No.:

Email Address:

Number of Shares: 20,919

Number of Warrants: 4,184

Aggregate Purchase Price: $97,900.92

Exhibits:

A Schedule of Investors

B Instruction Sheet for Investors

B-1  Stock Certificate Questionnaire for Investors

B-2 Registration Statement Questionnaire for Investors

B-3 Certificate for Corporation, Partnership, Limited Liability Company,

       Trust, Foundation and Joint Investors

C Opinion of Company Corporate Counsel

D Plan of Distribution

E Company Transfer Agent Instructions

F Form of Warrant

 

 

 

By its execution and delivery of this signature page, the undersigned Investor hereby joins in and agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of the Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of November 17, 2006 (the “Purchase Agreement”) by and among Dyadic International, Inc. and the Investors (as defined therein), as to the number of shares of Common Stock and Warrants set forth below, and authorizes this signature page to be attached to the Purchase Agreement or counterparts thereof.

 

Name of Investor:

The Pinnacle Fund, L.P.

By:  /s/ Barry M. Kitt

Name: Barry M. Kitt

Title: Sole Member,

Pinnacle Fund Management, L.L.C., the General Partner of Pinnacle Advisers, L.P., the General Partner of The Pinnacle Fund, L.P.

Address: 4965 Preston Park Blvd.

                  Suite 240

                  Plano, TX 75093

Attention:

Telephone No.:

Facsimile No.:

Email Address:

Number of Shares: 343,500

Number of Warrants: 68,700

Aggregate Purchase Price: $1,607,580

Exhibits:

A Schedule of Investors

B Instruction Sheet for Investors

B-1  Stock Certificate Questionnaire for Investors

B-2 Registration Statement Questionnaire for Investors

B-3 Certificate for Corporation, Partnership, Limited Liability Company,

       Trust, Foundation and Joint Investors

C Opinion of Company Corporate Counsel

D Plan of Distribution

E Company Transfer Agent Instructions

F Form of Warrant

 

 

By its execution and delivery of this signature page, the undersigned Investor hereby joins in and agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of the Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of November 17, 2006 (the “Purchase Agreement”) by and among Dyadic International, Inc. and the Investors (as defined therein), as to the number of shares of Common Stock and Warrants set forth below, and authorizes this signature page to be attached to the Purchase Agreement or counterparts thereof.

 

Name of Investor:

Emerson Partners

By:  /s/ J. Steven Emerson

Name: J. Steven Emerson

Title: 

 

Address:  1522 Ensley Avenue

                   Los Angeles, CA 90024

Attention:

Telephone No.:

Facsimile No.:

Email Address:

Number of Shares: 50,000

Number of Warrants: 10,000

Aggregate Purchase Price: $234,000

Exhibits:

A Schedule of Investors

B Instruction Sheet for Investors

B-1  Stock Certificate Questionnaire for Investors

B-2 Registration Statement Questionnaire for Investors

B-3 Certificate for Corporation, Partnership, Limited Liability Company,

       Trust, Foundation and Joint Investors

C Opinion of Company Corporate Counsel

D Plan of Distribution

E Company Transfer Agent Instructions

F Form of Warrant

 

 

 

By its execution and delivery of this signature page, the undersigned Investor hereby joins in and agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of the Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of November 17, 2006 (the “Purchase Agreement”) by and among Dyadic International, Inc. and the Investors (as defined therein), as to the number of shares of Common Stock and Warrants set forth below, and authorizes this signature page to be attached to the Purchase Agreement or counterparts thereof.

 

Name of Investor:

Emerson Family Foundation

By:  /s/ J. Steven Emerson

Name: J. Steven Emerson

Title: 

Address:  1522 Ensley Avenue

Los Angeles, CA 90024

Attention:

Telephone No.:

Facsimile No.:

Email Address:

Number of Shares: 50,000

Number of Warrants: 10,000

Aggregate Purchase Price: $234,000

Exhibits:

A Schedule of Investors

B Instruction Sheet for Investors

B-1  Stock Certificate Questionnaire for Investors

B-2 Registration Statement Questionnaire for Investors

B-3 Certificate for Corporation, Partnership, Limited Liability Company,

       Trust, Foundation and Joint Investors

C Opinion of Company Corporate Counsel

D Plan of Distribution

E Company Transfer Agent Instructions

F Form of Warrant

 

 

 

By its execution and delivery of this signature page, the undersigned Investor hereby joins in and agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of the Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of November 17, 2006 (the “Purchase Agreement”) by and among Dyadic International, Inc. and the Investors (as defined therein), as to the number of shares of Common Stock and Warrants set forth below, and authorizes this signature page to be attached to the Purchase Agreement or counterparts thereof.

 

Name of Investor:

Bear Stearns Sec. Corp FBO J. Steven Emerson Roth IRA

By:  /s/ J. Steven Emerson

Name: J. Steven Emerson

Title: 

Address:  1522 Ensley Avenue

                   Los Angeles, CA 90024

Attention:

Telephone No.:

Facsimile No.:

Email Address:

Number of Shares: 550,000

Number of Warrants: 110,000

Aggregate Purchase Price: $2,574,000

Exhibits:

A Schedule of Investors

B Instruction Sheet for Investors

B-1  Stock Certificate Questionnaire for Investors

B-2 Registration Statement Questionnaire for Investors

B-3 Certificate for Corporation, Partnership, Limited Liability Company,

       Trust, Foundation and Joint Investors

C Opinion of Company Corporate Counsel

D Plan of Distribution

E Company Transfer Agent Instructions

F Form of Warrant

 

 

By its execution and delivery of this signature page, the undersigned Investor hereby joins in and agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of the Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of November 17, 2006 (the “Purchase Agreement”) by and among Dyadic International, Inc. and the Investors (as defined therein), as to the number of shares of Common Stock and Warrants set forth below, and authorizes this signature page to be attached to the Purchase Agreement or counterparts thereof.

 

Name of Investor:

Bear Stearns Sec. Corp FBO J. Steven Emerson IRA R/O II

By:  /s/ J. Steven Emerson

Name: J. Steven Emerson

Title: 

Address:  1522 Ensley Avenue 

                   Los Angeles, CA 90024

Attention:

Telephone No.:

Facsimile No.:

Email Address:

Number of Shares: 250,000

Number of Warrants: 50,000

Aggregate Purchase Price: $1,170,000

Exhibits:

A Schedule of Investors

B Instruction Sheet for Investors

B-1  Stock Certificate Questionnaire for Investors

B-2 Registration Statement Questionnaire for Investors

B-3 Certificate for Corporation, Partnership, Limited Liability Company,

       Trust, Foundation and Joint Investors

C Opinion of Company Corporate Counsel

D Plan of Distribution

E Company Transfer Agent Instructions

F Form of Warrant

 

Investor	Common Shares	Warrants	Warrant Shares	Purchase Price
T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc.	1,200,000	240,000	240,000	$5,616,000.00
Emerson Investment Group	900,000	180,000	180,000	$4,212,000.00
Fort Mason Capital, L.L.C.	343,500	68,700	68,700	$1,607,580.00
The Pinnacle Fund, L.P.	343,500	68,700	68,700	$1,607,580.00
TOTAL	2,787,000	557,400	557,400	$13,043,160.00

(to be read in conjunction with the entire Securities Purchase Agreement)

A.	Complete the following items in the Securities Purchase Agreement:

 

1.

Complete and execute the Investor Signature Page. The Agreement must be executed by an individual authorized to bind the Investor.

 

2.

Exhibit B-1 - Stock Certificate Questionnaire:

 

Provide the information requested by the Stock Certificate Questionnaire;

 

3.

Exhibit B-2 - Registration Statement Questionnaire:

 

Provide the information requested by the Registration Statement Questionnaire.

 

4.

Exhibit B-3 /B-4 - Investor Certificate:

 

Provide the information requested by the Certificate for Individual Investors (B-3) or the Certificate for Corporate, Partnership, Trust, Foundation and Joint Investors (B-4), as applicable.

 

5.

Return, via facsimile, the signed Securities Purchase Agreement including the properly completed Exhibits B-1 through B-4, to:

 

Facsimile:

Telephone:

Attn:

 

6.

After completing instruction number five (5) above, deliver the original signed Securities Purchase Agreement including the properly completed Exhibits  B-1 through B-4 to:

 

Facsimile:

Telephone:

Attn:

 

B.	Instructions regarding the wire transfer of funds for the purchase of the Shares will be telecopied to the Investor by the Company at a later date.

 

C.

Upon the resale of any Shares by the Investor after the Registration Statement covering any Shares is effective, as described in the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Investor must send a letter in the form of Exhibit D to the Company and the Company’s transfer agent so that the Shares may be properly transferred.

 

	Please provide us with the following information:
1.	The exact name that the Securities are to be registered in (this is the name that will appear on the stock certificate(s)). You may use a nominee name if appropriate:
2.	The relationship between the Investor of the Securities and the Registered Holder listed in response to item 1 above:
3.	The mailing address, telephone and telecopy number and email address of the Registered Holder listed in response to item 1 above:
4.	The Tax Identification Number of the Registered Holder listed in response to item 1 above:

 

In connection with the Registration Statement, please provide us with the following information regarding the Investor.

 

1.	Please state your organization’s name exactly as it should appear in the Registration Statement:

______________________________________________________________________

 

Except as set forth below, your organization does not hold any equity securities of the Company on behalf of another person or entity.

 

State any exceptions here:

 

______________________________________________________________________

 

2. Address of your organization:

 

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

Telephone: __________________________

Fax: ________________________________

Contact Person: _______________________

 

3.

Have you or your organization had any position, office or other material relationship within the past three years with the Company or its affiliates? (Include any relationships involving you or your affiliates, officers, directors, or principal equity holders (5% or more) that has held any position or office or has had any other material relationship with the Company (or its predecessors or affiliates) during the past three years.)

 

_______  Yes   _______  No

 

If yes, please indicate the nature of any such relationship below:

 

4.

Are you the beneficial owner of any other securities of the Company? (Include any equity securities that you beneficially own or have a right to acquire within 60 days after the date hereof, and as to which you have sole voting power, shared voting power, sole investment power or shared investment power.)

 

_______  Yes   _______  No

 

If yes, please describe the nature and amount of such ownership as of a recent date.

 

 

 

5.	Except as set forth below, you wish that all the shares of the Company’s common stock beneficially owned by you or that you have the right to acquire from the Company be offered for your account in the Registration Statement.

 

State any exceptions here:

 

 

 

6.	Have you made or are you aware of any arrangements relating to the distribution of the shares of the Company pursuant to the Registration Statement?

 

_______  Yes   _______  No

 

If yes, please describe the nature and amount of such arrangements.

 

7.	NASD Matters

 

(a) State below whether (i) you or any associate or affiliate of yours are a member of the NASD, a controlling shareholder of an NASD member, a person associated with a member, a direct or indirect affiliate of a member, or an underwriter or related person with respect to the proposed offering; (ii) you or any associate or affiliate of yours owns any stock or other securities of any NASD member not purchased in the open market; or (iii) you or any associate or affiliate of yours has made any outstanding subordinated loans to any NASD member. If you are a general or limited partnership, a no answer asserts that no such relationship exists for you as well as for each of your general or limited partners.

 

Yes: __________

No: __________

If “yes,” please identify the NASD member and describe your relationship, including, in the case of a general or limited partner, the name of the partner:

 

If you answer “no” to Question 7(a), you need not respond to Question 7(b).

 

(b) State below whether you or any associate or affiliate of yours has been an underwriter, or a controlling person or member of any investment banking or brokerage firm which has been or might be an underwriter for securities of the Corporation or any affiliate thereof including, but not limited to, the common stock now being registered.

 

Yes: __________	No: __________

If “yes,” please identify the NASD member and describe your relationship, including, in the case of a general or limited partner, the name of the partner.

 

 

The undersigned hereby agrees to notify the Company promptly of any changes in the foregoing information which should be made as a result of any developments, including the passage of time. The undersigned also agrees to provide the Company and the Company’s counsel any and all such further information regarding the undersigned promptly upon request in connection with the preparation, filing, amending, and supplementing of the Registration Statement (or any prospectus contained therein). The undersigned hereby consents to the use of all such information in the Registration Statement.

 

The undersigned understands and acknowledges that the Company will rely on the information set forth herein for purposes of the preparation and filing of the Registration Statement.

 

The undersigned understands that the undersigned may be subject to serious civil and criminal liabilities if the Registration Statement, when it becomes effective, either contains an untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state a material fact required to be stated in the Registration Statement or necessary to make the statements in the Registration Statement not misleading. The undersigned represents and warrants that all information it provides to the Company and its counsel is currently accurate and complete and will be accurate and complete at the time the Registration Statement becomes effective and at all times subsequent thereto, and agrees during the Effectiveness Period and any additional period in which the undersigned is making sales of Shares under and pursuant to the Registration Statement, and agrees during such periods to notify the Company immediately of any misstatement of a material fact in the Registration Statement, and of the omission of any material fact necessary to make the statements contained therein not misleading.

 

Dated: __________

______________________________

Name

 

______________________________

Signature

 

______________________________

Name and Title of Signatory

 

If the investor is a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust, pension plan, foundation, joint Investor (other than a married couple) or other entity, an authorized officer, partner, or trustee must complete, date and sign this Certificate.

 

 

The undersigned certifies that the representations and responses below are true and accurate:

 

(a) The investor has been duly formed and is validly existing and has full power and authority to invest in the Company. The person signing on behalf of the undersigned has the authority to execute and deliver the Securities Purchase Agreement on behalf of the Investor and to take other actions with respect thereto.

 

(b) Indicate the form of entity of the undersigned:

 

____ Limited Partnership

____ General Partnership

____ Limited Liability Company

____ Corporation

____ Revocable Trust (identify each grantor and indicate under what circumstances the trust is revocable by the grantor):

 

(Continue on a separate piece of paper, if necessary.)

 

____ Other type of Trust (indicate type of trust and, for trusts other than pension trusts, name the grantors and beneficiaries):

 

(Continue on a separate piece of paper, if necessary.)

 

____ Other form of organization (indicate form of organization.)

 

(c) Indicate the approximate date the undersigned entity was formed:  

 

(d) In order for the Company to offer and sell the Units in conformance with state and federal securities laws, the following information must be obtained regarding your investor status. Please initial each category applicable to you as an investor in the Company.

 

 

___ 1. A bank as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act, or any savings and loan association or other institution as defined in Section 3(a)(5)(A) of the Securities Act whether acting in its individual or fiduciary capacity;

 

___ 2. A broker or dealer registered pursuant to Section 15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934;

 

___ 3. An insurance company as defined in Section 2(13) of the Securities Act;

 

___ 4. An investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 or a business development company as defined in Section  2(a)(48) of that Act;

 

___ 5. A Small Business Investment Company licensed by the U.S. Small Business Administration under Section 301(c) or (d) of the Small Business Investment Act of 1958;

 

___ 6. A plan established and maintained by a state, its political subdivisions, or any agency or instrumentality of a state or its political subdivisions, for the benefit of its employees, if such plan has total assets in excess of $5,000,000;

 

___ 7. An employee benefit plan within the meaning of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, if the investment decision is made by a plan fiduciary, as defined in Section 3(21) of such Act, which is either a bank, savings and loan association, insurance company, or registered investment advisor, or if the employee benefit plan has total assets in excess of $5,000,000 or, if a self-directed plan, with investment decisions made solely by persons that are accredited investors;

 

___ 8. A private business development company as defined in Section 202(a)(22) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940;

 

___ 9. Any partnership or corporation or any organization described in Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code or similar business trust, not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the Shares, with total assets in excess of $5,000,000;

 

___ 10. A trust, with total assets in excess of $5,000,000, not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the Shares, whose purchase is directed by a sophisticated person as described in Rule  506(b)(2)(ii) of the Exchange Act;

 

___ 11. An entity in which all of the equity owners qualify under any of the above subparagraphs. If the undersigned belongs to this investor category only, list the equity owners of the undersigned, and the investor category which each such equity owner satisfies:

 

 

(Continue on a separate piece of paper, if necessary.)

 

 

 

Please set forth in the space provided below the (i) states, if any, in the U.S. in which you maintained your principal office during the past two years and the dates during which you maintained your office in each state, (ii) state(s), if any, in which you are incorporated or otherwise organized and (iii) state(s), if any, in which you pay income taxes.

 

 

Dated:__________________________, 2006

 

Print Name of Investor

 

Name:

Title:

(Signature and title of authorized officer, partner or trustee)

 

 

 

Please instruct us as to where you would like the Securities delivered to at Closing:

 

Name:

 

Company:

 

Address:

 

 

 

Telephone:

 

Other Special Instructions:

 

 

November ___, 2006

To the Investors Listed on the “Scedule of Investors”

to the Agreement referenced below

 

Re: Dyadic International, Inc.

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

 

We have acted as special legal counsel for Dyadic International, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), in connection with its execution, delivery and performance of the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of November ___, 2006 (the “Agreement”), by and among the Company and the investors listed on the “Schedule of Investors” attached as Exhibit A to the Agreement (the “Investors”) relating to the Company’s offer and sale, and the Investors’ purchase from the Company, of the Securities. All capitalized terms used herein but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Agreement. This letter is being furnished to you at the request of the Company pursuant to Section 2.2(a) of the Agreement.

 

A. Basis of Opinion.

 

As the basis for the opinions expressed in this opinion letter, we have examined, considered and relied upon the following:

 

1. The Agreement;

 

2. The form of Warrants;

 

3.  The Transfer Agent Instructions (and together with above items 1 and 2, the “Transaction Documents”); 

 

4. The Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation certified by the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on November _____, 2006 (the “Certificate”), Amended and Restated Bylaws (and together with the Certificate, the “Organizational Documents”), and corporate minute books of the Company;

 

5. A certificate of good standing with respect to the Company issued by the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, as of a recent date;

 

6. The authorizing resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company with respect to the Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby;

 

7. An officer’s certificate, dated the date hereof, of the Company confirming that that (i) the representations and warranties of the Company contained in the Agreement are true and correct in all material respects as of the date when made and as of the date hereof as though made on and as of such date and (ii) the Company has performed or satisfied and complied in all material respects with all covenants, agreements and conditions required by the Transaction Documents to be performed, satisfied or complied with by it at or prior to the date hereof; and

 

 

8. Such other documents and such matters of law as we have considered necessary or appropriate for the expression of the opinions contained herein.

 

For purposes of this opinion letter, the documents and information referred to in this Section A are collectively referred to as the “Documents.”

 

B. Assumptions.

 

In rendering the opinions set forth in Section C below, we have assumed without investigation (i) the genuineness of all signatures (other than signatures of officers of the Company), (ii) the authenticity of all Documents submitted to us as originals, (iii) the conformity to authentic original documents of all Documents submitted to us as copies, (iv) the veracity of all Documents, (v) the power and capacity of each of the parties to the Transaction Documents (other than the Company) to enter into and perform their respective obligations thereunder; (vi) the due authorization, execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents by each of the parties thereto (other than the Company), and (vii) that the Transaction Documents constitute or, when so duly executed and delivered by the parties thereto, will constitute the valid and binding agreement of each party thereto (other than the Company).

 

With respect to our opinions expressed below relating to good standing of the Company, we have relied, without independent investigation, upon the certificate of good standing referenced in item 5 of Section A, and our opinion is rendered as of the date of such certificate. We express no opinion as to the tax good standing of the Company in any jurisdiction. With respect to our opinion expressed below in item 7 of Section C relating to the capitalization of the Company, we have relied, without independent investigation, upon the officer’s certificate of the Company referenced in item 7 of Section A and Schedule 3.1(f) to the Agreement, as certified by such officer’s certificate, and our opinion is rendered as of the date of such officer’s certificate. The preceding notwithstanding, our opinion expressed in the second sentence of said item 7 of Section C is not rendered upon reliance on the officer’s certificate of the Company referenced in item 7 of Section A or Schedule 3.1(f) to the Agreement, but is otherwise rendered based on and subject to the other comments, assumptions, exceptions, qualifications and limitations set forth in Sections B and D hereof.

 

As to questions of fact material to the opinions hereinafter expressed, we have relied upon the respective representations and warranties of each of the parties made in the Documents. We have made no examination or investigation to verify the accuracy or completeness of any financial, accounting, statistical, scientific or other factual information set forth in the Documents or otherwise furnished to the Investors or material to the opinions expressed herein, and we express no opinion with respect thereto.

 

C. Opinions.

 

Based solely upon our examination and consideration of the Documents, and in reliance thereon, and subject to the comments, assumptions, exceptions, qualifications and limitations set forth in Sections B and D hereof, we are of the opinion that:

 

 

1. The Company is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation with the requisite legal authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. The Company is not in violation of any of the provisions of the Organizational Documents. The Company is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

 

2. The Company has the requisite corporate authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by each of the Transaction Documents to which it is a party and otherwise to carry out its obligations thereunder. The execution and delivery by the Company of each of the Transaction Documents to which the Company is a party and the consummation by each of them of the transactions contemplated thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of them and no further consent or action is required by the Company, the Company’s Board of Directors or the Company’s stockholders. Each of the Transaction Documents to which the Company is a party has been (or upon delivery will be) duly executed by it and is, or when delivered in accordance with the terms thereof, will constitute, the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against it in accordance with its terms.

 

3. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents to which the Company is a party and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated thereby do not, and will not, (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company’s Organizational Documents, (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other instrument (evidencing a Company debt or otherwise) listed as an Exhibit on the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2005, except to the extent that such conflict, default, termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation right would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, or (iii) result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction of any court or governmental authority to which the Company is subject (including, assuming the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Investors set forth in Section 3.2 of the Agreement, federal and state securities laws and regulations and the rules and regulations of any self-regulatory organization to which the Company or its securities are subject, including all applicable Trading Markets), or by which any property or asset of the Company is bound or affected, except to the extent that such violation would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

 

4. The Common Shares (including the Warrant Shares issuable upon the exercise of the Warrants) are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens except for restrictions on transfer imposed by applicable federal and state securities laws, and will not be subject to preemptive or similar rights of stockholders (other than those imposed by the Investors). The Company shall maintain a reserve from its duly authorized shares of Common Stock the maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants. The offer, issuance and sale to the Investors of the Common Shares and other Securities are exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act.

 

5. Except as disclosed in the SEC Reports, there is no action, suit, claim, or proceeding, or, to our knowledge, inquiry or investigation, before or by any court, public board, government agency, self-regulatory organization or body pending or, to our knowledge, threatened against or affecting the Company that could, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

6. There is no control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or other similar anti-takeover provision under the Company’s Organizational Documents of its state of incorporation that is or could become applicable to any of the Investors as a result of the Investors and the Company fulfilling their obligations or exercising their rights under the Transaction Documents, including, without limitation, as a result of the Company’s issuance of the Securities and the Investors’ ownership of the Securities.

 

7. The aggregate number of shares issued and outstanding classes of capital stock, options and other Securities of the Company (whether or not presently convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of the Company) as of November 16, 2006 is as set forth in Schedule 3.1(f) to the Agreement. The aggregate number of shares and the type of all authorized classes of capital stock of the Company consists of 105,000,000 shares, of which 100,000,000 shares are common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 5,000,000 shares are preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and all outstanding shares of capital stock are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and have been issued in compliance in all material respects with all applicable securities laws. Except as disclosed in Schedule 3.1(f) to the Agreement or disclosed in the SEC Reports, the Company did not have outstanding at November 16, 2006 any other options, warrants, script rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or entered into any agreement giving any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any shares of Common Stock, or securities or rights convertible or exchangeable into shares of Common Stock. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(f) to the Agreement and the SEC Reports, and except for customary adjustments as a result of stock dividends, stock splits, combinations of shares, reorganizations, recapitalizations, reclassifications or other similar events, there are no anti-dilution or price adjustment provisions contained in any security issued by the Company (or in any agreement providing rights to security holders) and the issuance and sale of the Securities will not obligate the Company to issue shares of Common Stock or other securities to any Person (other than the Investors) and will not result in a right of any holder of securities to adjust the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price under such securities.

 

 

8. Based on our discussions with the Company and the Company’s accountants, no facts have come to our attention which lead us to believe that the SEC Reports as of their respective dates contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading (it being understood that we express no view with respect to the financial statements and the notes and schedules thereto and other financial, scientific and statistical data or information contained or incorporated by reference therein or omitted therefrom).

 

D. Comments, Assumptions, Limitations, Qualifications and Exceptions.

 

The opinions expressed in Section C above are based upon and subject to, the further comments, assumptions, limitations, qualifications and exceptions set forth below:

 

1. As used in the opinions expressed herein, the phrase “to our knowledge” (and phrases of similar import) refers only to the actual current knowledge of the attorneys within our firm who have given substantive attention to the Company in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Agreement and does not (a) include constructive notice of matters or information, or (b) except for our conversations with certain representatives of the Company and our review of the Documents, imply that we have undertaken any independent investigation (i) with any persons outside of our firm or (ii) as to the accuracy or completeness of any factual representation, information or other matter made or furnished in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Furthermore, such reference means only that we do not know of any fact or circumstance contradicting the statement that follows, and does not imply that we know the statement to be correct or have any basis (other than the Documents and such conversations) for that statement.

 

2. We are licensed to practice law in the States of Delaware and New York. The Company is incorporated in Delaware. The Agreement is governed by the laws of the State of New York. Accordingly, the opinions expressed herein are specifically limited to the laws of the States of Delaware and New York, and the federal law of the United States of America.

 

3. Our opinions above with respect to enforceability of the Company’ obligations under the Transaction Documents to which it is a party are limited and qualified to the extent that enforceability of the rights, obligations, agreements and remedies thereunder are subject to, or affected or limited by: (i) applicable liquidation, conservatorship, bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization or similar debtor or creditor relief laws from time to time in effect under state and/or federal law; (ii) general principles of equity (whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law); (iii) the exercise of the discretionary powers of any court or other authority before which may be brought any proceeding seeking equitable remedies, including, without limitation, specific performance and injunctive relief; (iv) public policy or other applicable limitations on indemnification or contribution under the federal securities laws; or (v) other applicable laws (including rules and regulations) and court decisions that may limit or render unenforceable certain rights and remedies of the Investors (or any Person entitled to indemnification and contribution under Section 6.4(a) of the Agreement or in any of the other Transaction Documents) provided in the documents about which we opine but that do not, in our judgment, make such documents inadequate for the ultimate practical realization of the benefits intended to be

 

provided thereby, though they may result in delays (and we express no opinion as to the economic consequences, if any, of such delays).

 

4. No opinion is expressed as to consents, approvals, authorizations or orders required under state securities or blue sky laws or the by-laws and rules of the American Stock Exchange in connection with the Securities or the other transactions contemplated by the Agreement. We also express no opinion herein as to any provision of the Transaction Documents (a) which may be deemed to or construed to waive any right of the Company, (b) to the effect that rights and remedies are not exclusive, that every right or remedy is cumulative and may be exercised in addition to or with any other right or remedy and does not preclude recourse to one or more other rights or remedies, (c) relating to the effect of invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of any of the Transaction Documents on the validity or enforceability of any other provision thereof, (d) requiring the payment of penalties, consequential damages or liquidated damages, (e) which is in violation of public policy, including, without limitation, any provision relating to indemnification and contribution, (f) purporting to indemnify any Person against his, her or its own negligence or intentional misconduct, (g) which provides that the terms of any of the Transaction Documents may not be waived or modified except in writing or (h) relating to venue or consent to jurisdiction.

 

5. We have rendered no opinion herein with respect to any: (a) federal or state tax laws or regulations, (b) any federal or state antitrust and unfair competition laws and regulations, (c) any federal or state laws or regulations concerning filing or notice requirements (e.g., Hart-Scott-Rodino and Exon-Florio), or (d) any federal or state environmental laws.

 

6. Although we have acted as counsel to the Company in connection with certain other matters, our engagement is limited to certain matters about which we have been consulted. Consequently, there may exist matters of a legal nature involving the Company in connection with which we have not been consulted and have not represented them.

 

7. This opinion letter is limited to the matters stated herein and no opinions may be implied or inferred beyond the matters expressly stated herein.

 

8. The opinions set forth herein are based in part upon the federal and state authorities as they are currently compiled and reported on by customary reporting services. It is possible that legislation affecting the opinions expressed herein might have been enacted into law that are not reflected in such reporting services. We are not currently aware of the passage of any such legislation. However, it is not possible for us to know with certainty as of the date of this opinion letter whether any such legislation may have been passed into law.

 

9. The opinions expressed herein are as of the date hereof, and we assume no obligation to update or supplement such opinions to reflect any facts or circumstances that may hereafter come to our attention or any changes in law that may hereafter occur.

 

 

10. This opinion letter has been issued solely for the benefit of the Investors and no other Person shall be entitled to rely hereon without the express written consent of this firm. Without our prior written consent, this opinion letter may not be quoted in whole or in part or otherwise referred to in any document or report and may not be furnished to any Person.

 

Respectfully submitted,

 

Greenberg Traurig, LLP

 

The selling stockholders may, from time to time, sell any or all of their shares of common stock on any stock exchange, market or trading facility on which the shares are traded or in private transactions. These sales may be at fixed or negotiated prices. The selling stockholders may use any one or more of the following methods when selling shares:

 

·	ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers;

 

·	block trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the shares as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction;

 

·	purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its account;

 

·	an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange;

 

·	privately negotiated transactions;

 

·	short sales;

 

·	broker-dealers may agree with the selling stockholders to sell a specified number of such shares at a stipulated price per share;

 

·	a combination of any such methods of sale; and

 

·	any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law.

 

The selling stockholders may also sell shares under Rule 144 under the Securities Act, if available, rather than under this prospectus.

 

Broker-dealers engaged by the selling stockholders may arrange for other brokers-dealers to participate in sales. Broker-dealers may receive commissions or discounts from the selling stockholders (or, if any broker-dealer acts as agent for the purchaser of shares, from the purchaser) in amounts to be negotiated. The selling stockholders do not expect these commissions and discounts to exceed what is customary in the types of transactions involved. Any profits on the resale of shares of common stock by a broker-dealer acting as principal might be deemed to be underwriting discounts or commissions under the Securities Act. Discounts, concessions, commissions and similar selling expenses, if any, attributable to the sale of shares will be borne by a selling stockholder. The selling stockholders may agree to indemnify any agent, dealer or broker-dealer that participates in transactions involving sales of the shares if liabilities are imposed on that person under the Securities Act.

 

 

The selling stockholders may from time to time pledge or grant a security interest in some or all of the shares of common stock owned by them and, if they default in the performance of their secured obligations, the pledgees or secured parties may offer and sell the shares of common stock from time to time under this prospectus after we have filed a supplement to this prospectus under Rule 424(b)(3) or other applicable provision of the Securities Act of 1933 supplementing or amending the list of selling stockholders to include the pledgee, transferee or other successors in interest as selling stockholders under this prospectus.

 

The selling stockholders also may transfer the shares of common stock in other circumstances, in which case the transferees, pledgees or other successors in interest will be the selling beneficial owners for purposes of this prospectus and may sell the shares of common stock from time to time under this prospectus after we have filed a supplement to this prospectus under Rule 424(b)(3) or other applicable provision of the Securities Act of 1933 supplementing or amending the list of selling stockholders to include the pledgee, transferee or other successors in interest as selling stockholders under this prospectus.

 

The selling stockholders and any broker-dealers or agents that are involved in selling the shares of common stock may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act in connection with such sales. In such event, any commissions received by such broker-dealers or agents and any profit on the resale of the shares of common stock purchased by them may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act.

 

We are required to pay all fees and expenses incident to the registration of the shares of common stock. We have agreed to indemnify the selling stockholders against certain losses, claims, damages and liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.

 

The selling stockholders have advised us that they have not entered into any agreements, understandings or arrangements with any underwriters or broker-dealers regarding the sale of their shares of common stock, nor is there an underwriter or coordinating broker acting in connection with a proposed sale of shares of common stock by any selling stockholder. If we are notified by any selling stockholder that any material arrangement has been entered into with a broker-dealer for the sale of shares of common stock, if required, we will file a supplement to this prospectus. If the selling stockholders use this prospectus for any sale of the shares of common stock, they will be subject to the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act.

 

The anti-manipulation rules of Regulation M under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 may apply to sales of our common stock and activities of the selling stockholders.

 

 

[TRANSFER AGENT NAME AND ADDRESS]

 

Attention:

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

Reference is made to that certain Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of November XX, 2006 (the “Agreement”), by and among Dyadic International, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and the investors named on the Schedule of Investors attached thereto (collectively, the “Holders”), pursuant to which the Company is issuing to the Holders shares (the “Common Shares”) of Common Stock of the Company, par value $.001 per share (the “Common Stock”), and Warrants (the “Warrants”), which are exercisable into shares of Common Stock.

 

This letter shall serve as our irrevocable authorization and direction to you (provided that you are the transfer agent of the Company at such time):

 

(i)  to issue shares of Common Stock upon transfer or resale of the Common Shares; and

 

(ii)  to issue shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of the Warrants (the “Warrant Shares”) to or upon the order of a Holder from time to time upon delivery to you of a properly completed and duly executed Exercise Notice, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit I, which has been acknowledged by the Company as indicated by the signature of a duly authorized officer of the Company thereon.

 

You acknowledge and agree that so long as you have previously received (a) written confirmation from the Company’s legal counsel that either (i) a registration statement covering resales of the Common Shares and the Warrant Shares has been declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and that resales of the Common Shares and the Warrant Shares may be made thereunder, or (ii) sales of the Common Shares and the Warrant Shares may be made in conformity with Rule 144 under the Securities Act (“Rule 144”), (b) if applicable, a copy of such registration statement, and (c) notice from legal counsel to the Company or any Holder that a transfer of Common Shares and/or Warrant Shares has been effected either pursuant to the registration statement (and a prospectus delivered to the transferee) or pursuant to Rule 144, then, unless otherwise required by law, within three (3) business days of your receipt of the notice referred to in (c), you shall issue the certificates representing the Common Shares and the Warrant Shares so sold to the transferees registered in the names of such transferees, and such certificates shall not bear any legend restricting transfer of the Common Shares and the Warrant Shares thereby and should not be subject to any stop-transfer restriction.

 

A form of written confirmation (to be used in connection with any sale) from the Company’s outside legal counsel that a registration statement covering resales of the Common Shares and the Warrant Shares has been declared effective by the SEC under the Securities Act is attached hereto as Exhibit II.

 

 

Please be advised that the Holders are relying upon this letter as an inducement to enter into the Agreement and, accordingly, each Holder is a third party beneficiary to these instructions.

 

Please execute this letter in the space indicated to acknowledge your agreement to act in accordance with these instructions. Should you have any questions concerning this matter, please contact me at ###-###-####.

 

Very truly yours,

 

By:

Name:

Title:

THE FOREGOING INSTRUCTIONS ARE

ACKNOWLEDGED AND AGREED TO

this day of ___________, 2006

 

By:

Name:

Title:

 

Enclosures

 

 

DYADIC INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Warrant No. [__]Dated: November __, 2006

Dyadic International, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), hereby certifies that, for value received, ________________[Name of Holder] or its registered assigns (the “Holder”), is entitled to purchase from the Company up to a total of [_____]shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share (the “Common Stock”), of the Company (each such share, a “Warrant Share” and all such shares issuable under the warrants, the “Warrant Shares”) at an exercise price equal to $[_______] per share (as adjusted from time to time as provided in Section 9, the “Exercise Price”), at any time after one hundred eighty (180) days from the date hereof (the first calendar day following such 180-day period on which this Warrant may be exercised is hereinafter referred to as the “Initial Exercise Date”) and through and including the date that is three (3) years from the Initial Exercise Date (the “Expiration Date”), and subject to the following terms and conditions. This Warrant (“Warrant”) is one of a series of similar warrants issued pursuant to that certain Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of the date hereof, by and among the Company and the Investors identified therein (the “Purchase Agreement”). All such warrants are referred to herein, collectively, as the “Warrants” and the holders thereof along with the Holder named herein, the “Holders.”

 

1. Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Warrant, capitalized terms that are not otherwise defined herein have the meanings given to such terms in the Purchase Agreement.

 

2. Registration of Warrant. The Company shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Company for that purpose (the “Warrant Register”), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.

 

3. Registration of Transfers. The Company shall register the transfer of any portion of this Warrant in the Warrant Register, upon surrender of this Warrant, with the Form of Assignment attached hereto duly completed and signed, to the Transfer Agent or to the Company at its address specified herein. Upon any such registration or transfer, a new warrant to purchase Common Stock, in substantially the form of this Warrant (any such new warrant, a “New Warrant”), evidencing the portion of this Warrant so transferred shall be issued to the transferee and a New Warrant evidencing the remaining portion of this Warrant not so transferred, if any, shall be issued to the transferring Holder. The acceptance of the New Warrant by the transferee thereof shall be deemed the acceptance by such transferee of all of the rights and obligations of a holder of a Warrant.

 

4. Exercise and Duration of Warrants.

 

(a) This Warrant shall be exercisable by the registered Holder at any time and from time to time commencing on the Initial Exercise Date to and including the Expiration Date. At 6:30 P.M., New York City time on the Expiration Date, the portion of this Warrant not exercised prior thereto shall be and become void and of no value; provided that, if the average of the Closing Prices for the five Trading Days immediately prior to (but not including) the Expiration Date exceeds the Exercise Price on the Expiration Date, and provided further that, if on the Expiration Date, there is no effective Registration Statement and current prospectus available covering the resale of the Warrant Shares except as a result of the Excluded Events, then this Warrant shall be deemed to have been exercised in full (to the extent not previously exercised) on a “cashless exercise” basis at 6:30 P.M. New York City time on the Expiration Date. A “cashless exercise” means that in lieu of paying the aggregate purchase price for the shares being purchased upon exercise of the Warrants in cash, the Holder will forfeit a number of shares underlying the Warrants pursuant to Section 10 below.

 

(b) The Holder may exercise this Warrant by delivering to the Company (i) an exercise notice, in the form attached hereto (the “Exercise Notice”), appropriately completed and duly signed, and (ii) payment of the Exercise Price for the number of Warrant Shares as to which this Warrant is being exercised (which may take the form of a “cashless exercise” if so indicated in the Exercise Notice only if a “cashless exercise” may occur at such time pursuant to Section 10 below), and the date such items are delivered to the Company (as determined in accordance with the notice provisions hereof) is an “Exercise Date.” The Holder shall not be required to deliver the original Warrant in order to effect an exercise hereunder. Execution and delivery of the Exercise Notice shall have the same effect as cancellation of the original Warrant and issuance of a New Warrant evidencing the right to purchase the remaining number of Warrant Shares.

 

(c) Exercise Disputes. In the case of any dispute with respect to the number of Warrant Shares to be issued upon exercise of this Warrant, the Company shall promptly issue such number of Warrant Shares that is not disputed and shall submit the disputed determinations or arithmetic calculations to the Holder via facsimile within two (2) Business Days of receipt of the Holder's election to purchase Warrant Shares. If the Holder and the Company are unable to agree as to the determination of the Exercise Price within two (2) Business Days of such disputed determination or arithmetic calculation being submitted to the Holder, then the Company shall in accordance with this Section, submit via facsimile the disputed determination to an independent reputable accounting firm of national standing, selected jointly by the Company and the Holder. The Company shall cause such accounting firm to perform the determinations or calculations and notify the Company and the Holder of the results within forty-eight (48) hours from the time it receives the disputed determinations of calculations. Such accounting firm's determination shall be binding upon all parties absent manifest error. The Company shall then on the next Business Day issue certificate(s) representing the appropriate number of Warrant Shares of Common Stock in accordance with such accounting firm's determination and this Section. The prevailing party shall be entitled to reimbursement of all fees and expenses of such determination and calculation.

 

5. Delivery of Warrant Shares.

 

(a) Upon exercise of this Warrant, the Company shall promptly (but in no event later than three Trading Days after the Exercise Date) issue or cause to be issued and cause to be delivered to or upon the written order of the Holder and in such name or names as the Holder may designate, a certificate for the Warrant Shares issuable upon such exercise, free of restrictive legends unless a registration statement covering the resale of the Warrant Shares and naming the Holder as a selling stockholder thereunder is not then effective and the Warrant Shares are not freely transferable without volume restrictions pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act. The Holder, or any Person so designated by the Holder to receive Warrant Shares, shall be deemed to have become holder of record of such Warrant Shares as of the Exercise Date. Unless the Warrant Shares are required to be certificated with restrictive legends in accordance with this paragraph, the Company shall, upon request of the Holder, use its Best Efforts to deliver Warrant Shares hereunder electronically through the Depository Trust Corporation or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions.

 

(b) This Warrant is exercisable, either in its entirety or, from time to time, for a portion of the number of Warrant Shares. Upon surrender of this Warrant following one or more partial exercises, the Company shall issue or cause to be issued, at its expense, a New Warrant evidencing the right to purchase the remaining number of Warrant Shares.

 

(c) In addition to any other rights available to a Holder, if the Company fails to deliver to the Holder a certificate representing Warrant Shares by the fifth Trading Day after the date on which delivery of such certificate is required by this Warrant, and if after such fifth Trading Day and prior to the Company’s delivery of such certificate representing the Warrant Shares the Holder purchases (in an open market transaction) shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares that the Holder anticipated receiving from the Company (a “Buy-In”), then the Company shall, within five Trading Days after the Holder’s request and in the Holder’s discretion, either (i) pay cash to the Holder in an amount equal to the Holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased (the “Buy-In Shares” and the “Buy-In Price,” respectively), at which point the Company’s obligation to deliver such certificate (and to issue such Warrant Shares) shall terminate, or (ii) promptly honor its obligation to deliver to the Holder a certificate or certificates representing such Warrant Shares and pay cash to the Holder in an amount equal to the excess (if any) of the Buy-In Price over the product of (A) such number of Buy-In Shares, times (B) the average of the Closing Prices during the five Trading Days after the date on which delivery of such certificate is required by this Warrant.

 

(d) The Company’s obligations to issue and deliver Warrant Shares in accordance with the terms hereof are absolute and unconditional, irrespective of any action or inaction by the Holder to enforce the same, any waiver or consent with respect to any provision hereof, the recovery of any judgment against any Person or any action to enforce the same, or any setoff, counterclaim, recoupment, limitation or termination, or any breach or alleged breach by the Holder or any other Person of any obligation to the Company or any violation or alleged violation of law by the Holder or any other Person, and irrespective of any other circumstance which might otherwise limit such obligation of the Company to the Holder in connection with the issuance of Warrant Shares. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver certificates representing Warrant Shares upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.

 

6. Charges, Taxes and Expenses. Issuance and delivery of certificates for Warrant Shares upon exercise of this Warrant shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax, withholding tax, transfer agent fee or other incidental tax or expense in respect of the issuance of such certificates, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to pay any tax which may be payable in respect of any transfer involved in the registration of any certificates for Warrant Shares or Warrants in a name other than that of the Holder. The Holder shall be responsible for all other tax liability that may arise as a result of holding or transferring this Warrant or receiving Warrant Shares upon exercise hereof.

 

7. Replacement of Warrant. If this Warrant is mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the Company shall issue or cause to be issued in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation hereof, or in lieu of and substitution for this Warrant, a New Warrant, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of such loss, theft or destruction and customary and reasonable bond or indemnity, if requested. Applicants for a New Warrant under such circumstances shall also comply with such other reasonable regulations and procedures and pay such other reasonable third-party costs as the Company may prescribe.

 

8. Reservation of Warrant Shares. The Company covenants that it will at all times reserve and keep available out of the aggregate of its authorized but unissued and otherwise unreserved Common Stock, solely for the purpose of enabling it to issue Warrant Shares upon exercise of this Warrant as herein provided, 100% of the Warrant Shares which are then issuable and deliverable upon the exercise of this entire Warrant, free from preemptive rights or any other contingent purchase rights of persons other than the Holder (after giving effect to the adjustments and restrictions of Section 9, if any). The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares so issuable and deliverable shall, upon issuance and the payment of the applicable Exercise Price in accordance with the terms hereof, be duly and validly authorized, issued and fully paid and non-assessable. The Company will take all such action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of any securities exchange or automated quotation system upon which the Common Stock may be listed.

 

9. Certain Adjustments. The Exercise Price and number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant are subject to adjustment from time to time as set forth in this Section 9.

 

(a) Stock Dividends and Splits. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) pays a stock dividend on its Common Stock or otherwise makes a distribution on any class of capital stock that is payable in shares of Common Stock, (ii) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, or (iii) combines outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, then in each such case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event. Any adjustment made pursuant to clause (i) of this paragraph shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution, and any adjustment pursuant to clause (ii) or (iii) of this paragraph shall become effective immediately after the effective date of such subdivision or combination.

 

(b) Distributions Made Prior to Exercise. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, distributes pro rata to holders of Common Stock (i) evidences of its indebtedness, (ii) any security (other than a distribution of Common Stock covered by Section 9(a)), (iii) rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any security (except pursuant to a shareholder rights plan duly adopted by the Company’s Board of Directors), or (iv) any other asset (in each case, a “Distribution”), then, if, but only if, the Company fails to provide written notice of any such Distribution to the Holder sufficiently in advance thereof to permit the Holder to exercise this Warrant and be deemed a holder of Common Stock at the record date fixed for the determination of holders of Common Stock entitled to receive the Distribution (each a “Distribution Notice”), in each such case any Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to the close of business on the record date fixed for the determination of holders of Common Stock entitled to receive the Distribution shall be reduced, effective as of the close of business on such record date, to a price determined by multiplying such Exercise Price by a fraction of which (i) the numerator shall be the Weighted Average Price¹  of the Common Stock on the Trading Day immediately preceding such record date minus the value of the Distribution (as determined in good faith by the Company's Board of Directors) applicable to one share of Common Stock, and (ii) the denominator shall be the Weighted Average Price of the Common Stock on the Trading Day immediately preceding such record date.

 

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions set forth in Section 9(b) above, if the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, makes a Distribution to the holders of Common Stock, and the Company fails to provide a Distribution Notice to the Holder in accordance with Section 9(b) above, then in each such case the Holder shall have the option to receive such Distribution which would have been made to the Holder had such Holder been the holder of such Warrant Shares on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to such Distribution; provided, however, if the Holder elects to receive such Distribution, it will not be entitled to receive the adjustment to the Exercise Price specified in clause (b) above.

 

(d) Fundamental Transactions. (1) If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into (whether or not the Company is the surviving corporation) another Person, (ii) the Company effects any sale, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions; provided, however, that for avoidance of doubt, the granting of a lien on all or substantially all of the Company's assets as collateral shall not be deemed a Fundamental Transaction (as such term is hereinafter defined) hereunder, (iii) the Company allows another Person to make a purchase, tender or exchange offer that is not contested by the Company and is accepted by the holders of more than the 50% of either the outstanding shares of Common Stock (not including any shares of Common Stock held by the Person or Persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the Persons making or party to, such purchase, tender or exchange offer), (iv) the Company consummates a stock purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off or scheme of arrangement) with another Person whereby such other Person acquires more than the 50% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (not including any shares of Common Stock held by the other Person or other Persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the other Persons making or party to, such stock purchase agreement or other business combination), or (v) the Company effects any reclassification of the Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property (other than as a result of a subdivision or combination of shares of Common Stock covered by Section 9(a) above) (in any such case, a “Fundamental Transaction”), then the Holder shall have the right thereafter to receive, upon exercise of this Warrant, the same amount and kind of securities, cash or property as it would have been entitled to receive upon the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction if it had been, immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction, the holder of the number of Warrant Shares then issuable upon exercise in full of this Warrant (the “Alternate Consideration”). The aggregate Exercise Price for this Warrant will not be affected by any such Fundamental Transaction, but the Company shall apportion such aggregate Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. At the Holder’s request, any successor to the Company or surviving entity in such Fundamental Transaction shall issue to the Holder a new warrant consistent with the foregoing provisions and evidencing the Holder’s right to purchase the Alternate Consideration for the aggregate Exercise Price upon exercise thereof. The terms of any agreement pursuant to which a Fundamental Transaction is effected shall include terms requiring any such successor or surviving entity to comply with the provisions of this paragraph (d) and insuring that the Warrant (or any such replacement security) will be similarly adjusted upon any subsequent transaction analogous to a Fundamental Transaction.

 

(2) Notwithstanding the foregoing and the provisions of Section 9(b) above, in the event of a Fundamental Transaction in which (i) the surviving entity in the Fundamental Transaction is not a publicly traded company and (ii) the consideration to be delivered to the holders of Common Stock upon the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction does not consist of publicly traded securities representing at least eighty percent (80%) of the value of such consideration, if the Holder has not exercised the Warrant in full prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall have the right to require any successor to the Company or surviving entity in such Fundamental Transaction to purchase this Warrant from the Holder by paying to the Holder, simultaneously with the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction and in lieu of the warrant referred to in Section 9(d)(1), cash in an amount equal to the value of the remaining unexercised portion of this Warrant on the date of such consummation, which value shall be determined by use of the Black and Scholes Option Pricing Model reflecting (i) a risk-free interest rate corresponding to the U.S. Treasury rate for a period equal to the remaining term of this Warrant as of such date of request and (ii) an expected volatility equal to the lesser of 60% and the 100 day volatility obtained from the HVT function on Bloomberg.

 

(e) Adjustment Upon Issuance of Shares of Common Stock. If and whenever on or after the issuance date of this Warrant through the first one hundred eighty days (180) thereof, the Company issues or sells, or in accordance with this Section 9 is deemed to have issued or sold, any shares of Common Stock (including the issuance or sale of shares of Common Stock owned or held by or for the account of the Company) for a consideration per share (the “New Issuance Price”) less than a price (the “Applicable Price”) equal to the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such issue or sale or deemed issuance or sale (the foregoing a “Dilutive Issuance”), then immediately after such Dilutive Issuance, the Exercise Price then in effect shall be reduced to an amount equal to the New Issuance Price. If and whenever after such one hundred eightieth day, the Company issues or sells, or in accordance with this Section 9 is deemed to have issued or sold, any shares of Common Stock (including the issuance or sale of shares of Common Stock owned or held by or for the account of the Company) in a Dilutive Issuance, then immediately after such Dilutive Issuance, the Exercise Price then in effect shall be reduced to an amount equal to the product of (A) the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such Dilutive Issuance and (B) the quotient determined by dividing (1) the sum of (I) the product derived by multiplying the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such Dilutive Issuance and the number of shares of Common Stock Deemed Outstanding immediately prior to such Dilutive Issuance plus (II) the consideration, if any, received by the Company upon such Dilutive Issuance, by (2) the product derived by multiplying (I) the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such Dilutive Issuance by (II) the number of shares of Common Stock Deemed Outstanding immediately after such Dilutive Issuance. Upon each such adjustment of the Exercise Price hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares shall be adjusted to the number of shares of Common Stock determined by multiplying the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such adjustment by the number of Warrant Shares acquirable upon exercise of this Warrant immediately prior to such adjustment and dividing the product thereof by the Exercise Price resulting from such adjustment. For purposes of determining the adjusted Exercise Price under this Section 9(e), the following shall be applicable:

 

(i) Issuance of Options. If the Company in any manner grants any Options and the lowest price per share for which one share of Common Stock is issuable upon the exercise of any such Option or upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Convertible Securities issuable upon exercise of any such Option is less than the Applicable Price, then such share of Common Stock shall be deemed to be outstanding and to have been issued and sold by the Company at the time of the granting or sale of such Option for such price per share. For purposes of this Section 9(e)(i), the “lowest price per share for which one share of Common Stock is issuable upon exercise of such Options or upon conversion, exercise or exchange of such Convertible Securities” shall be equal to the sum of the lowest amounts of consideration (if any) received or receivable by the Company with respect to any one share of Common Stock upon the granting or sale of the Option, upon exercise of the Option and upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Convertible Security issuable upon exercise of such Option. No further adjustment of the Exercise Price or number of Warrant Shares shall be made upon the actual issuance of such shares of Common Stock or of such Convertible Securities upon the exercise of such Options or upon the actual issuance of such shares of Common Stock upon conversion, exercise or exchange of such Convertible Securities.

 

(ii) Issuance of Convertible Securities. If the Company in any manner issues or sells any Convertible Securities and the lowest price per share for which one share of Common Stock is issuable upon the conversion, exercise or exchange thereof is less than the Applicable Price, then such share of Common Stock shall be deemed to be outstanding and to have been issued and sold by the Company at the time of the issuance or sale of such Convertible Securities for such price per share. For the purposes of this Section 9(e)(ii), the “lowest price per share for which one share of Common Stock is issuable upon the conversion, exercise or exchange” shall be equal to the sum of the lowest amounts of consideration (if any) received or receivable by the Company with respect to one share of Common Stock upon the issuance or sale of the Convertible Security and upon conversion, exercise or exchange of such Convertible Security. No further adjustment of the Exercise Price or number of Warrant Shares shall be made upon the actual issuance of such shares of Common Stock upon conversion, exercise or exchange of such Convertible Securities, and if any such issue or sale of such Convertible Securities is made upon exercise of any Options for which adjustment of this Warrant has been or is to be made pursuant to other provisions of this Section 9(e), no further adjustment of the Exercise Price or number of Warrant Shares shall be made by reason of such issue or sale.

 

(iii) Change in Option Price or Rate of Conversion. If the purchase price provided for in any Options, the additional consideration, if any, payable upon the issue, conversion, exercise or exchange of any Convertible Securities, or the rate at which any Convertible Securities are convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of Common Stock increases or decreases at any time, the Exercise Price and the number of Warrant Shares in effect at the time of such increase or decrease shall be adjusted to the Exercise Price and the number of Warrant Shares which would have been in effect at such time had such Options or Convertible Securities provided for such increased or decreased purchase price, additional consideration or increased or decreased conversion rate, as the case may be, at the time initially granted, issued or sold. For purposes of this Section 9(e)(iii), if the terms of any Option or Convertible Security that was outstanding as of the date of issuance of this Warrant are increased or decreased in the manner described in the immediately preceding sentence, then such Option or Convertible Security and the shares of Common Stock deemed issuable upon exercise, conversion or exchange thereof shall be deemed to have been issued as of the date of such increase or decrease. No adjustment pursuant to this Section 9(e) shall be made if such adjustment would result in an increase of the Exercise Price then in effect or a decrease in the number of Warrant Shares.

 

(iv) Calculation of Consideration Received. In case any Option is issued in connection with the issue or sale of other securities of the Company, together comprising one integrated transaction in which no specific consideration is allocated to such Options by the parties thereto, the Options will be deemed to have been issued for a consideration of $0.01. If any shares of Common Stock, Options or Convertible Securities are issued or sold or deemed to have been issued or sold for cash, the consideration received therefor will be deemed to be the net amount received by the Company therefor. If any shares of Common Stock, Options or Convertible Securities are issued or sold for a consideration other than cash, the amount of such consideration received by the Company will be the fair value of such consideration, except where such consideration consists of securities which are listed on a securities exchange or stock market, in which case the amount of consideration received by the Company will be the Closing Sale Price of such security on the date of receipt. If any shares of Common Stock, Options or Convertible Securities are issued to the owners of the non-surviving entity in connection with any merger in which the Company is the surviving entity, the amount of consideration therefor will be deemed to be the fair value of such portion of the net assets and business of the non-surviving entity as is attributable to such shares of Common Stock, Options or Convertible Securities, as the case may be. The fair value of any consideration other than cash or securities will be determined jointly by the Board of Directors of the Company and the Required Holders. If such parties are unable to reach agreement within ten (10) days after the occurrence of an event requiring valuation (the “Valuation Event”), the fair value of such consideration will be determined within five (5) Business Days after the tenth day following the Valuation Event by an independent, reputable appraiser jointly selected by the Company and the Required Holders. The determination of such appraiser shall be final and binding upon all parties absent manifest error and the fees and expenses of such appraiser shall be borne by the Company.

 

(v) Record Date. If the Company takes a record of the holders of shares of Common Stock for the purpose of entitling them (A) to receive a dividend or other distribution payable in shares of Common Stock, Options or in Convertible Securities or (B) to subscribe for or purchase shares of Common Stock, Options or Convertible Securities, then such record date will be deemed to be the date of the issue or sale of the shares of Common Stock deemed to have been issued or sold upon the declaration of such dividend or the making of such other distribution or the date of the granting of such right of subscription or purchase, as the case may be.

 

(vi) Notwithstanding the foregoing, no adjustment will be made under this Section 9(e) upon the issuance of any Common Stock, Convertible Securities and/or Options (a) in connection with employee benefit plans or other plans approved by the Board of Directors of the Company for the benefit of employees, consultants or directors of the Company or its subsidiaries, (b) stock dividends or other events to which Section 9(a) applies, or in connection with Options or Convertible Securities outstanding immediately prior to the Closing; provided that the terms of such Options or Convertible Securities are not amended, modified or changed after the date hereof except under the terms of the Abengoa Securities Purchase Agreement, (c) issued under the Abengoa Securities Purchase Agreement (as such term is hereinafter defined), (d) issued under the Purchase Agreement, (e) in connection with a bona fide acquisition by the Company or to strategic partners in a transaction the primary purpose of which is not to raise equity funds, or (f) pursuant to a firm commitment underwritten public offering with a nationally recognized underwriter which generates gross proceeds in excess of $25 million.

 

(vii) For purposes of this Warrant, (A) “Common Stock Deemed Outstanding” means, at any given time, the number of shares of Common Stock actually outstanding at such time, plus the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be outstanding pursuant to Sections 9(e)(i) and 9(e)(ii) hereof regardless of whether the Options or Convertible Securities are actually exercisable at such time, but excluding any shares of Common Stock owned or held by or for the account of the Company or issuable upon conversion and exercise, as applicable, of the Warrants; (B) “Convertible Securities” means any stock or securities (other than Options) directly or indirectly convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of Common Stock; (C) “Options” means any rights, warrants or options to subscribe for or purchase shares of Common Stock or Convertible Securities; and (D) “Abengoa Securities Purchase Agreement” means that certain Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of October 26, 2006 by and among the Company and Abengoa Bioenergy R&D, Inc.

 

(f) Number of Warrant Shares. Simultaneously with any adjustment to the Exercise Price pursuant to paragraph (a) of this Section, the number of Warrant Shares that may be purchased upon exercise of this Warrant shall be increased or decreased proportionately, as applicable, so that after such adjustment the aggregate Exercise Price payable hereunder for the increased or decreased, as applicable, number of Warrant Shares shall be the same as the aggregate Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such adjustment.

 

(g) Calculations. All calculations under this Section 9 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as applicable. The number of shares of Common Stock outstanding at any given time shall not include shares owned or held by or for the account of the Company, and the disposition of any such shares shall be considered an issue or sale of Common Stock.

 

(h) Notice of Adjustments. Upon the occurrence of each adjustment pursuant to this Section 9, the Company at its expense will promptly compute such adjustment in accordance with the terms of this Warrant and prepare a certificate setting forth such adjustment, including a statement of the adjusted Exercise Price and adjusted number or type of Warrant Shares or other securities issuable upon exercise of this Warrant (as applicable), describing the transactions giving rise to such adjustments and showing in detail the facts upon which such adjustment is based. Upon written request, the Company will promptly deliver a copy of each such certificate to the Holder and to the Company’s Transfer Agent.

 

(i) Notice of Corporate Events. If the Company (i) declares a dividend or any other distribution of cash, securities or other property in respect of its Common Stock, including without limitation any granting of rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any capital stock of the Company or any Subsidiary, (ii) authorizes or approves, enters into any agreement contemplating or solicits stockholder approval for any Fundamental Transaction or (iii) authorizes the voluntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then the Company shall deliver to the Holder a notice describing the material terms and conditions of such transaction, at least ten calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date on which a Person would need to hold Common Stock in order to participate in or vote with respect to such transaction, and the Company will take all steps reasonably necessary in order to insure that the Holder is given the practical opportunity to exercise this Warrant prior to such time so as to participate in or vote with respect to such transaction; provided, however, that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be described in such notice.

 

10. Payment of Exercise Price. The Holder shall pay the Exercise Price in immediately available funds (a “cash exercise”); provided, however, that if either (i) the provisions of the second sentence of Section 4(a) shall apply or (ii) at any time after the date that is one (1) year after the date of this Warrant (the “Required Effective Date”) neither a Registration Statement covering the resale of the Warrant Shares is effective nor a current prospectus is available due to the occurrence of an Event, the Holder may satisfy its obligation to pay the Exercise Price through a “cashless exercise” prior to the applicable Cure Date, in which event the Company shall issue to the Holder the number of Warrant Shares determined as follows:

 

	X = Y [(A-B)/A]
where:
	X = the number of Warrant Shares to be issued to the Holder.
	Y = the number of Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant is being exercised (prior to cashless exercise).
	A = the average of the Closing Prices for the five Trading Days immediately prior to (but not including) the Exercise Date.
	B = the Exercise Price.

For purposes of Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act, it is intended, understood and acknowledged that the Warrant Shares issued in a cashless exercise transaction shall be deemed to have been acquired by the Holder, and the holding period for the Warrant Shares shall be deemed to have commenced, on the date this Warrant was originally issued pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.

 

11. Call of Warrant. At any time from time to time after the date of issuance of this Warrant (the “Effective Date”), the Company shall have the right, upon 15 Trading Days’ prior written notice to the Holder (the “Call Notice”), to call all or any portion of this Warrant at a price equal to $.001 per Warrant Share (the “Call Price”) at any time, provided that (i) the Warrant Shares are registered for resale pursuant to the Securities Act and shall have been for at least the 20-trading day period preceding the Call Notice, (ii) the prospectus under which such Warrant Shares have been registered has not been suspended at any time during the 20-trading day period preceding the Call Notice, (iii) the Warrant Shares are currently listed (and have not been suspended from trading) on a Trading Market as of the date the Call Notice is delivered to the Holder through the effective date of such call and (iv) the average “VWAP” (as defined below) for the Common Stock on a Trading Market for any period of at least 10 consecutive Business Days is equal to or greater than 150% of the Exercise Price then in effect (the “Threshold Price”). The Company must exercise this right to call the Warrant within 3 Trading Days after the satisfaction of the last of the conditions in clauses (i) through (iv) of the immediately foregoing sentence to be satisfied. At any time prior to the Effective Date of such call, the Holder shall have the right to exercise this Warrant in accordance with its terms. As soon as practicable after the Effective Date of such call, the Company shall mail or deliver to the Holder a check in the amount of the Call Price times the number of Warrant Shares remaining available for purchase under this Warrant at the Effective Date. Upon receipt of such check, the Holder shall surrender, via mail or delivery, this Warrant to the Company for cancellation. After the Effective Date of such call, this Warrant shall no longer be exercisable. For purposes of this Section 11, “VWAP” shall mean for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, other that the OTC Bulletin Board, the daily volume weighted average trading price of the Common Stock for such date on the primary Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg Financial L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. Eastern Standard Time to 4:02 p.m. Eastern Standard Time) using the AQR function; (b) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted on a Trading Market other than the OTC Bulletin Board and if prices for the Common Stock are then quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board, the volume weighted average trading price of the Common Stock for such date on the OTC Bulletin Board or if there are no trades on that date, then the average of the closing bid and ask prices of the Common Stock as reported by the OTC Bulletin Board for that date; (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted on a Trading Market or on the OTC Bulletin Board and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported in the “Pink Sheets” published by Pink Sheets, LLC (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported for that date; or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by a nationally recognized-independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Company.

 

12. Limitation on Exercise.

 

(a) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the number of Warrant Shares that may be acquired by the Holder upon any exercise of this Warrant (or otherwise in respect hereof) shall be limited to the extent necessary to insure that, following such exercise (or other issuance), the total number of shares of Common Stock then beneficially owned by such Holder and its Affiliates and any other Persons whose beneficial ownership of Common Stock would be aggregated with the Holder’s for purposes of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act, does not exceed 9.999% (the “Maximum Percentage”) of the total number of issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock (including for such purpose the shares of Common Stock issuable upon such exercise). For such purposes, beneficial ownership shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. The Company’s obligation to issue shares of Common Stock in excess of the limitation referred to in this Section shall be suspended (and shall not terminate or expire notwithstanding any contrary provisions hereof) until such time, if any, as such shares of Common Stock may be issued in compliance with such limitation, but in no event later than the Expiration Date. By written notice to the Company, the Holder may waive the provisions of this Section or increase or decrease the Maximum Percentage to any other percentage specified in such notice, but (i) any such waiver or increase will not be effective until the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company, and (ii) any such waiver or increase or decrease will apply only to the Holder and not to any other holder of Warrants.

 

13. Fractional Shares. The Company shall not be required to issue or cause to be issued fractional Warrant Shares on the exercise of this Warrant. If any fraction of a Warrant Share would, except for the provisions of this Section, be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant, the number of Warrant Shares to be issued will be rounded up to the nearest whole share.

 

14. Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries hereunder (including without limitation any Exercise Notice) shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (i) the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number specified in the Purchase Agreement prior to 6:30 p.m. (New York City time) on a Trading Day, (ii) the next Trading Day after the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number specified in the Purchase Agreement on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 6:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (iii) the Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by nationally recognized overnight courier service, or (iv) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. The address for such notices or communications shall be as set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

 

15. Warrant Agent. The Company shall serve as warrant agent under this Warrant. Upon 30 days' notice to the Holder, the Company may appoint a new warrant agent. Any corporation into which the Company or any new warrant agent may be merged or any corporation resulting from any consolidation to which the Company or any new warrant agent shall be a party or any corporation to which the Company or any new warrant agent transfers substantially all of its corporate trust or stockholders services business shall be a successor warrant agent under this Warrant without any further act. Any such successor warrant agent shall promptly cause notice of its succession as warrant agent to be mailed (by first class mail, postage prepaid) to the Holder at the Holder's last address as shown on the Warrant Register.

 

16. Registration of Warrant Shares. The Holder is entitled to the benefits of the Purchase Agreement with respect to the registration of the Warrant Shares under the Securities Act.

 

17. Miscellaneous.

 

(a) Subject to the restrictions on transfer set forth on the first page hereof, this Warrant may be assigned by the Holder. This Warrant may not be assigned by the Company, except to a successor in the event of a Fundamental Transaction. This Warrant shall be binding on and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns. Subject to the preceding sentence, nothing in this Warrant shall be construed to give to any Person other than the Company and the Holder any legal or equitable right, remedy or cause of action under this Warrant.

 

(b) The Company will not, by amendment of its governing documents or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, seek to call or redeem this Warrant or avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order to protect the rights of the Holder against dilution or other impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company (i) will not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor on such exercise, (ii) will take all such action as may be reasonably necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and non-assessable Warrant Shares, free from all taxes, liens, security interests, encumbrances, preemptive or similar rights and charges of stockholders (other than those imposed by the Investors), on the exercise of the Warrant, and (iii) will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which interferes with the timely exercise of this Warrant.

 

(c) Remedies; Specific Performance. The Company acknowledges and agrees that there would be no adequate remedy at law to the Holder of this Warrant in the event of any default or threatened default by the Company in the performance of or compliance with any of the terms of this Warrant and accordingly, the Company agrees that, in addition to any other remedy to which the Holder may be entitled at law or in equity, the Holder shall be entitled to seek to compel specific performance of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant, without the posting of any bond, in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Warrant in any court of the United States or any State thereof having jurisdiction, and if any action should be brought in equity to enforce any of the provisions of this Warrant, the Company shall not raise the defense that there is an adequate remedy at law. Except as otherwise provided by law, a delay or omission by the Holder hereof in exercising any right or remedy accruing upon any such breach shall not impair the right or remedy or constitute a waiver of or acquiescence in any such breach. No remedy shall be exclusive of any other remedy. All available remedies shall be cumulative.

 

(d) Amendments and Waivers. The Company may, without the consent of the Holders, by supplemental agreement or otherwise, (i) make any changes or corrections in this Agreement that are required to cure any ambiguity or to correct or supplement any provision herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision herein or (ii) add to the covenants and agreements of the Company for the benefit of the Holders (including, without limitation, reduce the Exercise Price or extend the Expiration Date), or surrender any rights or power reserved to or conferred upon the Company in this Agreement; provided that, in the case of (i) or (ii), such changes or corrections shall not adversely affect the interests of Holders of then outstanding Warrants in any material respect. This Warrant may also be amended or waived with the consent of the Company and the Holder. Further, the Company may, with the consent, in writing or at a meeting, of the Holders (the “Required Holders”) of the then outstanding Warrants exercisable for two-thirds (2/3) or greater of the Common Stock eligible under such Warrants, amend in any way, by supplemental agreement or otherwise, this Warrant and/or all of the outstanding Warrants; provided, however, that (i) no such amendment by its express terms shall adversely affect any Holder differently than it affects all other Holders, unless such Holder consents thereto, and (ii) no such amendment concerning the number of Warrant Shares or Exercise Price shall be made unless any Holder who will be affected by such amendment consents thereto. If a new Warrant Agent is appointed by the Company, it shall at the request of the Company, and without need of independent inquiry as to whether such supplemental agreement is permitted by the terms of this Section 16(d), join with the Company in the execution and delivery of any such supplemental agreements, but shall not be required to join in such execution and delivery for such supplemental agreement to become effective.

 

(e) GOVERNING LAW; VENUE; WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. THE CORPORATE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK SHALL GOVERN ALL ISSUES CONCERNING THE RELATIVE RIGHTS OF THE COMPANY AND ITS STOCKHOLDERS. ALL QUESTIONS CONCERNING THE CONSTRUCTION, VALIDITY, ENFORCEMENT AND INTERPRETATION OF THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED AND ENFORCED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. THE COMPANY AND INVESTORS HEREBY IRREVOCABLY SUBMIT TO THE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE STATE AND FEDERAL COURTS SITTING IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE BROUGHT BY THE COMPANY OR ANY INVESTOR HEREUNDER, IN CONNECTION HEREWITH OR WITH ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR DISCUSSED HEREIN, AND HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVE, AND AGREE NOT TO ASSERT IN ANY SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING BROUGHT BY THE COMPANY OR ANY INVESTOR, ANY CLAIM THAT IT IS NOT PERSONALLY SUBJECT TO THE JURISDICTION OF ANY SUCH COURT, OR THAT SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS IMPROPER. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES PERSONAL SERVICE OF PROCESS AND CONSENTS TO PROCESS BEING SERVED IN ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING BY MAILING A COPY THEREOF VIA REGISTERED OR CERTIFIED MAIL OR OVERNIGHT DELIVERY (WITH EVIDENCE OF DELIVERY) TO SUCH PARTY AT THE ADDRESS IN EFFECT FOR NOTICES TO IT UNDER THIS AGREEMENT AND AGREES THAT SUCH SERVICE SHALL CONSTITUTE GOOD AND SUFFICIENT SERVICE OF PROCESS AND NOTICE THEREOF. NOTHING CONTAINED HEREIN SHALL BE DEEMED TO LIMIT IN ANY WAY ANY RIGHT TO SERVE PROCESS IN ANY MANNER PERMITTED BY LAW. THE COMPANY AND INVESTORS HEREBY WAIVE ALL RIGHTS TO A TRIAL BY JURY.

 

(f) The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Warrant and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any of the provisions hereof.

 

(g) In case any one or more of the provisions of this Warrant shall be invalid or unenforceable in any respect, the validity and enforceability of the remaining terms and provisions of this Warrant shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby and the parties will attempt in good faith to agree upon a valid and enforceable provision which shall be a commercially reasonable substitute therefor, and upon so agreeing, shall incorporate such substitute provision in this Warrant.

 

[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK,

SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

---

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to be duly executed by its authorized officer as of the date first indicated above.

 

DYADIC INTERNATIONAL, INC.

By:

Name:

Title:

 

(To be executed by the Holder to exercise the right to purchase shares of Common Stock under the foregoing Warrant)

 

To: Dyadic International, Inc.

 

The undersigned is the Holder of Warrant No. _______ (the “Warrant”) issued by Dyadic International, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”). Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined have the respective meanings set forth in the Warrant.

 

(a)

The Warrant is currently exercisable to purchase a total of ______________ Warrant Shares.

 

(b)

The undersigned Holder hereby exercises its right to purchase _________________ Warrant Shares pursuant to the Warrant.

 

(c)

The Holder intends that payment of the Exercise Price shall be made as (check one):

 

____ “Cash Exercise” under Section 10

____ “Cashless Exercise” under Section 10

 

(d) If the holder has elected a Cash Exercise, the holder shall pay the sum of $____________ to the Company in accordance with the terms of the Warrant.

 

(e) Pursuant to this exercise, the Company shall deliver to the holder _______________ Warrant Shares in accordance with the terms of the Warrant.

 

(f) Following this exercise, the Warrant shall be exercisable to purchase a total of ______________ Warrant Shares.

 

(g) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, this Exercise Notice shall constitute a representation by the Holder that, after giving effect to the exercise provided for in this Exercise Notice, the Holder (together with its affiliates) will not have beneficial ownership (together with the beneficial ownership of such Person's affiliates) of a number of shares of Common Stock which exceeds the Maximum Percentage of the total outstanding shares of Common Stock as determined pursuant to the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Warrant.

 

Dated: ,		Name of Holder:
		(Print)
		By:
		Name:
		Title:
		(Signature must conform in all respects to name of holder as specified on the face of the Warrant)

[To be completed and signed only upon transfer of Warrant]

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the undersigned hereby sells, assigns and transfers unto ________________________________ the right represented by the within Warrant to purchase ____________ shares of Common Stock of Dyadic International, Inc. to which the within Warrant relates and appoints _____________________ attorney to transfer said right on the books of Dyadic International, Inc. with full power of substitution in the premises.

 

Dated: ,
	(Signature must conform in all respects to name of holder as specified on the face of the Warrant)
	Address of Transferee
In the presence of:

 

The Company has the following direct or indirect Subsidiaries:

 

 

Dyadic Real Estate Holdings Inc. (Florida) 100%

 

Dyadic International (USA), Inc. (Florida) 100%

 

 

Geneva Investment Holdings Limited (British Virgin Islands) 100%

 

Dyadic Nederland BV (The Netherlands) 100%

 

Dyadic International Sp. z o.o. (Poland) 100%

 

Puridet (Asia), Ltd. (Hong Kong) 100%

 

Dongguan Puridet Softner Limited 100%

 

 

 

 

	Authorized	Issued and Outstanding
Common Stock	100,000,000	26,942,856
Preferred Stock	5,000,000	0
Common Stock Warrants	(5,841,413 shares of Common Stock are reserved for issuance)	(warrant rights exercisable for up to 5,841,413 shares of Common Stock are currently outstanding)
2001 Equity Compensation Plan (Options to Purchase Common Stock)	(4,478,475 shares of Common Stock are reserved for issuance)	(options exercisable for up to 3,045,911 shares of Common Stock are currently outstanding)
2006 Stock Option Plan	(2,700,000 shares of Common Stock are reserved for issuance)	(options exercisable for up to 5,000 shares of Common Stock are currently outstanding)
** Excludes Common Stock, Convertible Securities and Warrants that may be issuable to Abengoa under the Abengoa Securities Purchase Agreement (as disclosed in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 26, 2006, as filed with the SEC on November 1, 2006)

 

None.

 

 

(1) TNO Quality of Life, The Netherlands

 

(2) Robert Smeaton

(3) Raymond Tsang

(4) To those Persons (and their successors and assigns) who are identified as “Selling Stockholders” in the Company’s Prospectus dated August 12, 2005 included within Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 to the Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (Reg. No. 333-121738), as supplemented by Prospectus Supplement No. 1 dated July 6, 2006, and deemed to be the owners of the Common Shares and Common Shares issuable upon the exercise of the Options covered by such Registration Statement, which represent in the aggregate on an as converted basis 28,369,878 Common Shares. The Company has no registration obligations to such Persons (including their successors and assigns) beyond exerting reasonable best efforts to maintain the foregoing Registration Statement effective until the Common Shares covered thereby are saleable under Rule 144.

(5) To participants in the Company’s 2001 Equity Compensation Plan and 2006 Stock Option Plan, of which the aggregate 7,178,475 Common Shares reserved thereunder are covered by the Company’s Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Registration Nos. 333-122339 and 333-136676).

 

(6) To Abengoa under the Abengoa Securities Purchase Agreement.

 

 

Long term note payable to stockholder consisted of the following at September 30, 2006:

 

Loan payable with a rate of 8% as of September 30, 2006 to Mark A. Emalfarb Trust (Bridge Loan), secured by all assets of the Company, in the original principal amount of $3,000,000, principal and accrued interest due January 1, 2008. Accrued interest of $239,941 included in principal balance. Net of unamortized beneficial conversion feature of $57,636.

$ 2,367,305

On May 29, 2003, the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Dyadic International (USA), Inc., a Florida corporation (formerly known as Dyadic International, Inc) (“Dyadic-Florida), obtained a $3.0 million revolving loan (the “Bridge Loan”) from a group of stockholders, including the Chief Executive Officer, who loaned $2,185,000, and the rest of whom loaned Dyadic-Florida $815,000, bearing interest at 8% per annum, with all unpaid principal and interest originally due on January 2, 2004, and extended to January 1, 2005 on February 13, 2004. Subsequent to a private placement of the Company’s common stock and warrants through which the Company raised gross proceeds of approximately $25,405,000 (the “October 2004 Offering”), approximately $903,000 of the proceeds was used to pay off the $815,000 of principal and approximately $88,000 of accrued interest for the portion of the Bridge Loan from the group of other Dyadic-Florida stockholders. The Bridge Loan is collateralized by a security interest in all of the Company's assets.

Incident to the Bridge Loan, the Mark A. Emalfarb Trust and other lending Dyadic-Florida stockholders in the aggregate, were also granted warrants to purchase up to 1.5 million shares of the Company's common stock at the lesser of $4.50 per share or the Series A Preferred conversion price, expiring ten years from the date of grant (the “Bridge Loan Warrants”). In August 2004, the exercise price of the Bridge Loan Warrants was reduced to $3.33 and the maturity date was extended to January 1, 2007 in connection with the Merger (as described in Item 2 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis or Plan of Operation - History of Dyadic). As a result, approximately $343,000, representing the incremental fair value of the modified Bridge Loan Warrants as compared to the fair value of the original Bridge Loan Warrants immediately before the modification, will be amortized to interest expense through the new maturity date. The remaining unamortized portion of $57,636 is reflected as a reduction of notes payable to stockholders in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2006.

On April 30, 2006, the maturity date of the Bridge Loan was extended from January 1, 2007 to January 1, 2008. The remaining unamortized portion of $57,636 of the beneficial conversion feature related to the modified Bridge Loan Warrants will be amortized through the new maturity date.

In August 2006, the Company executed a 36 month capital lease for the purchase of an access router. The monthly payments total $5,207.76. The lease began once the installation of the router was completed, which occurred on October 2, 2006. The first and last payments were paid to the lessor in August 2006. At the end of the lease term, the Company has a bargain purchase option to purchase the equipment for $1.00.

 

Under the Abengoa Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company has guaranteed to Abengoa Dyadic International (USA), Inc.’s punctual payment and performance of its obligations to Abengoa under the parties’ R&D Agreement.