Amended and Restated Management Services Agreement between Castle Dental Centers of Texas, Inc. and Jack H. Castle, D.D.S., P.C.

Summary

This agreement, effective May 15, 2002, is between Castle Dental Centers of Texas, Inc. and Jack H. Castle, D.D.S., P.C. (soon to be renamed Castle Dental Associates of Texas, P.C.). It replaces a previous management services agreement and outlines the business, administrative, and management services that Castle Dental Centers will provide to the dental practice. The agreement details the management fees, responsibilities for office expenses, and the scope of services, including equipment, staffing, and administrative support. Both parties agree to the terms for ongoing management of the dental practice.

EX-10.16 3 dex1016.txt AMENDED AND RESTATED MANAGEMENT SERVICES AGREEMENT EXHIBIT 10.16 AMENDED AND RESTATED MANAGEMENT SERVICES AGREEMENT THIS AMENDED AND RESTATED MANAGEMENT SERVICES AGREEMENT is made and entered into effective as of May 15, 2002, by and between CASTLE DENTAL CENTERS OF TEXAS, INC., a Texas corporation ("Business Manager"), and JACK H. CASTLE, D.D.S., P.C., a Texas professional corporation ("PC"), which will change its name to CASTLE DENTAL ASSOCIATES OF TEXAS, P.C. shortly after the execution of this agreement. RECITALS Whereas, on December 18, 1995, Castle Dental Centers, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Castle Dental") and PC entered into a Management Services Agreement (the "Original Agreement"); and Whereas, subsequent to that date, Castle Dental assigned all of its rights to the Original Agreement to Business Manager; and Whereas, Business Manager and PC desire to amend and restate the Original Agreement. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual terms, covenants and conditions hereinabove and hereinafter set forth, the parties agree as follows: ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS For the purposes of this Management Services Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings ascribed thereto, unless otherwise clearly required by the context in which such term is used. Section 1.1 Act. The term "Act" shall mean Chapter Nine (Art. 4543-4551) of the Civil Statutes of the State of Texas, as amended. Section 1.2 Adjusted Gross Revenue. The term "Adjusted Gross Revenue" shall mean the sum of Professional Services Revenue and Ancillary Revenue. Section 1.3 Adjustments. The term "Adjustments" shall mean any adjustments on an accrual basis for uncollectible accounts, third party payor contractual adjustments, discounts, workers' compensation adjustments, professional courtesies, and other reductions in collectible revenue that result from activities that do not result in collectible charges. Section 1.4 Ancillary Revenue. The term "Ancillary Revenue" shall mean all other revenue actually recorded each month (net of Adjustments) that is not Professional Services Revenues or capitation revenues consisting only of prepaid amounts for services previously billed and collected, and shall include the proceeds of key person life and disability insurance as provided for in Section 3.13 below. Section 1.5 Base Management Fee. The term "Base Management Fee" shall mean the amount set forth in Section 5.1. Section 1.6 Budget. The term "Budget" shall mean an operating budget and capital expenditure budget for each fiscal year as prepared by Business Manager and adopted by PC. Section 1.7 Business Manager. The term "Business Manager" shall mean Castle Dental Centers of Texas, Inc., a Texas corporation, or any entity that succeeds to the interests of Castle Dental Centers of Texas, Inc., a Texas corporation, and to whom the obligations of Business Manager are assigned and transferred. Section 1.8 Business Manager Expense. The term "Business Manager Expense" shall mean an expense or cost incurred by the Business Manager and for which the Business Manager, and not PC, is financially liable other than expenses incurred by Business Manager that directly benefit PC which may be allocated to Office Expense consistent with the Budget. Section 1.9 Center. The term "Center" (collectively referred to as "Centers") shall mean any office space, clinic, facility, including satellite facilities, that Business Manager shall own or lease or otherwise procure for the use of PC, as allowed by law, in the provision of Dental Services pursuant to this Management Services Agreement. Section 1.10 Dental Services. The term "Dental Services" shall mean dental care and services, including but not limited to the practice of general dentistry, orthodontics and all related dental care services provided by PC through PC's Dentists and other dental care providers that are retained by or professionally affiliated with PC. Section 1.11 Dentist. The term "Dentist" shall mean each individually licensed professional who is employed or otherwise retained by or associated with PC, each of whom shall meet at all times the qualifications described in Section 4.2 and Section 4.3. Section 1.12 GAAP. The term "GAAP" shall mean generally accepted accounting principles set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board or in such other statements by such other entity or other practices and procedures as may be approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession, which are applicable to the 2 circumstances as of the date of the determination. For purposes of this Management Services Agreement, GAAP shall be applied on an accrual basis in a manner consistent with the historic practices of the person to which the term applies. Section 1.13 Management Fee. The term "Management Fee" shall mean Business Manager's compensation established as described in Article 5 hereof. Section 1.14 Management Services. The term "Management Services" shall mean the business, administrative, and management services to be provided for PC, including without limitation the provision of equipment, supplies, support services, nondental personnel, office space, management, administration, financial recordkeeping and reporting, and other business office services. Section 1.15 Management Services Agreement. The term "Management Services Agreement" shall mean this Amended and Restated Management Services Agreement by and between PC and Business Manager and any amendments hereto as may be adopted as provided in this Amended and Restated Management Services Agreement. Section 1.16 Office Expense. The term "Office Expense" shall mean all operating and nonoperating expenses incurred by the Business Manager or PC in the provision of services to or by PC. Office Expense shall not include any State or federal income tax, or any other expense that is a PC Expense or a Business Manager Expense. Without limitation, Office Expense shall include: (a) the salaries and benefits of all employees of Business Manager at the Centers and the salaries and benefits of the nondental employees of PC, but not the salaries, benefits, or other direct costs of the Dentists; (b) the direct cost of any employee or consultant that provides services at or in connection with the Centers for improved clinic performance, such as management, billing and collections, business office consultation, accounting and legal services, but only when such services are consistent with the Budget; (c) reasonable recruitment costs and out-of-pocket expenses of Business Manager or PC directly related to the recruitment of additional dental employees of PC; (d) professional liability insurance expenses for Dentists and comprehensive, general liability and workers' compensation insurance covering the Centers and employees of PC and Business Manager at each Center; (e) the expense of using, leasing, purchasing or otherwise procuring each Center and related equipment, including depreciation; 3 (f) the cost of capital (whether as actual interest on indebtedness incurred on behalf of PC or as reasonable imputed interest on capital advanced by Business Manager, which shall be equal to the average cost of borrowing by Business Manager from its primary commercial lender as reflected on its most recent published financial statements) to finance or refinance obligations of PC, purchase dental or nondental equipment, or finance new ventures of PC; (g) the Base Management Fee; (h) the reasonable out-of-pocket travel expenses associated with attending meetings, conferences, or seminars to benefit PC; (i) the reasonable costs and expenses associated with marketing, advertising and promotional activities to benefit PC; and (j) the cost of dental supplies (including but not limited to drugs, pharmaceuticals, products, substances, items, or dental devices), office supplies, inventory, and utilities other than those dental supplies or dental inventory owned by PC on the date of this Management Services Agreement. Section 1.17 PC. The term "PC" shall mean Jack H. Castle, D.D.S., P.C., a Texas professional corporation. Section 1.18 PC Account. The term "PC Account" shall mean the bank account of PC established as described in Sections 3.8 and 3.9. Section 1.19 PC Expense. The term "PC Expense" shall mean an expense incurred by the Business Manager or PC that is consistent with the Budget and for which PC, and not the Business Manager, is financially liable. PC Expense shall include such items as Dentist salaries, benefits, and other direct costs (including professional dues, subscriptions, continuing dental education expenses, and travel costs for continuing dental education or other business travel but excluding business travel requested by Business Manager, which shall be an Office Expense). Section 1.20 Performance Fee. The term "Performance Fee" shall mean the amount payable to the Business Manager, if any, determined under Section 5.2, as a Management Fee based upon the Business Manager achieving certain pre-determined performance criteria. Section 1.21 Professional Services Revenues. The term "Professional Services Revenues" shall mean the sum of all professional fees actually recorded each month on an accrual basis under GAAP (net of Adjustments) as a result of Dental Services and related services rendered by the shareholders and dental employees of PC. 4 Section 1.22 Representatives. The term "Representatives" shall mean a party's officers, directors, employees, or other agents or representatives. Section 1.23 State. The term "State" shall mean the State of Texas. Section 1.24 Term. The term "Term" shall mean the initial and any renewal periods of duration of this Management Services Agreement as described in Section 6.1. ARTICLE 2. APPOINTMENT AND AUTHORITY OF BUSINESS MANAGER Section 2.1 Appointment. PC hereby appoints Business Manager as its sole and exclusive agent for the management, and administration of the business functions and business affairs of PC, and Business Manager hereby accepts such appointment, subject at all times to the provisions of this Management Services Agreement. Section 2.2 Authority. Consistent with the provisions of this Management Services Agreement, Business Manager shall have the responsibility and commensurate authority to provide Management Services for PC. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Management Services Agreement, Business Manager is hereby expressly authorized to provide the Management Services in any reasonable manner Business Manager deems appropriate to meet the day-to-day requirements of the business functions of PC. Business Manager is also expressly authorized to negotiate and execute on behalf of PC contracts that do not relate to the provision of Dental Services. PC shall give Business Manager thirty (30) days prior notice of PC's intent to execute any agreement obligating PC to perform Dental Services or otherwise creating a binding legal obligation on PC. The parties acknowledge and agree that PC, through its Dentists, shall be responsible for and shall have complete authority, responsibility, supervision, and control over the provision of all Dental Services and other professional health care services performed for patients, and that all diagnoses, treatments, procedures, and other professional health care services shall be provided and performed exclusively by or under the supervision of Dentists as such Dentists, in their sole discretion, deem appropriate. Business Manager shall have and exercise absolutely no control or supervision over the provision of Dental Services. Section 2.3 Patient Referrals and Payments. Business Manager and PC agree that the benefits to PC hereunder do not require, are not payment for, and are not in any way contingent upon the referral, admission, or any other arrangement for the provision of any item or service offered by Business Manager to patients of PC in any facility, laboratory or health care operation controlled, managed, or operated by Business Manager. Further, Business Manager and PC agree that the payment of monies hereunder in no way represents the division, sharing, splitting or other allocation of fees for Dental Services between PC and Business Manager. 5 Section 2.4 Internal Management of PC. Matters involving the internal management, control, or finances of PC, including specifically the allocation of professional income among the shareholders and Dentist employees of PC, tax planning, and investment planning, shall remain the exclusive responsibility of PC and the shareholders of PC. Section 2.5 Practice of Dentistry. The parties acknowledge that Business Manager is not authorized or qualified to engage in any activity that may be construed or deemed to constitute the practice of dentistry nor shall Business Manager now or in the future be regarded as practicing dentistry within the meaning of Article 4551a of the Act. To the extent any act or service herein required by Business Manager should be construed by a court of competent jurisdiction or by the State Board of Dental Examiners to constitute the practice of dentistry, the requirement to perform that act or service by Business Manager shall be deemed waived and unenforceable and shall not constitute a breach or default by Business Manager under this Agreement, and the parties shall take the actions contemplated by Section 6.2(d) hereof. ARTICLE 3. COVENANTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF BUSINESS MANAGER During the Term, Business Manager shall provide all Management Services as are necessary and appropriate for the day-to-day administration of the business aspects of PC's operations, including without limitation those set forth in this Article 3 in accordance with all law, rules, regulations and guidelines applicable to the provision of Management Services. Section 3.1 Centers and Equipment. (a) Subject to Section 3.1(b), as necessary and appropriate, taking into consideration the professional concerns of PC, Business Manager shall in its reasonable discretion lease, acquire or otherwise procure Centers in a location or locations reasonably acceptable to PC and shall permit PC to use each such Center pursuant to this Management Services Agreement, by sublease or otherwise as required by law. (b) PC shall not enter into any lease or sublease with respect to a Center without Business Manager's prior consent. In the event PC is the lessee of any Center under a lease with an unrelated and nonaffiliated lessor, Business Manager may require PC to assign such lease to Business Manager upon receipt of consent from the lessor and Business Manager shall permit PC to use such Center pursuant to this Management Services Agreement, by sublease or otherwise as required by law. PC shall use its best efforts to assist in obtaining the lessor's consent to the assignment. Upon request, PC shall execute any instruments and shall take any acts that Business Manager may deem necessary to accomplish the assignment of the lease. Any expenses incurred in the assignment shall be Office Expenses. 6 (c) Business Manager shall provide all nondental equipment, fixtures, office supplies, furniture and furnishings deemed reasonably necessary by Business Manager for the operation of each Center and reasonably necessary for the provision of Dental Services pursuant to this Management Services Agreement, by lease, sublease or otherwise as required by law. (d) Business Manager shall provide, finance, or cause to be provided or financed dental related equipment as required by PC. PC shall have final authority in all dental equipment selections, and Business Manager shall have no authority in regard to dental equipment selection issues. Business Manager may, however, advise PC on the relationship between its dental equipment decisions and the overall administrative and financial operations of the practice. All dental and nondental equipment acquired for the use of PC shall be owned by Business Manager. (e) Business Manager shall be responsible for the repair and maintenance of each Center, consistent with Business Manager's responsibilities under the terms of any lease or other use arrangement, and for the repair, maintenance, and replacement of all equipment other than such repairs, maintenance and replacement necessitated by the negligence or willful misconduct of PC, its Dentists or other personnel employed by PC, the repair or replacement of which shall be a PC Expense and not an Office Expense. Section 3.2 Dental Supplies. Business Manager shall order, procure, purchase and provide on behalf of and as agent for PC all dental supplies necessary and appropriate for the practice of PC in the reasonable discretion of PC unless otherwise prohibited by federal and/or State law. Furthermore, Business Manager shall ensure that each Center is at all times adequately stocked with the dental supplies that are necessary and appropriate for the operation of PC and required for the provision of Dental Services. The ultimate oversight, supervision and ownership for all dental supplies is and shall remain the sole responsibility of PC. As used in this provision the term "dental supplies" shall mean all drugs, pharmaceuticals, products, substances, items or devices whose purchase, possession, maintenance, administration, prescription or security requires the authorization or order of a licensed health care provider or requires a permit, registration, certification or other governmental authorization held by a licensed health care provider as specified under any federal and/or State law. Section 3.3 Support Services. Business Manager shall provide or arrange for all printing, stationery, forms, postage, duplication or photocopying services, and other support services as are reasonably necessary and appropriate for the operation of each Center and the provision of Dental Services therein. Section 3.4 Quality Assurance, Risk Management, and Utilization Review. Business Manager shall, upon the request of PC, assist PC in PC's establishment of procedures to ensure the consistency, quality, appropriateness and necessity of Dental 7 Services provided by PC, and shall provide administrative support for PC's overall quality assurance, risk management, and utilization review programs. Business Manager shall perform these tasks in a manner to ensure the confidentiality and nondiscoverability of these program actions to the fullest extent allowable under State and federal law. Section 3.5 Licenses and Permits. Business Manager shall, on behalf of and in the name of PC, coordinate all development and planning processes, and apply for and use reasonable efforts to obtain and maintain all federal, State, and local licenses and regulatory permits required for or in connection with the operation of PC and equipment (existing and future) located at each Center, other than those relating to the practice of dentistry or the administration of drugs by Dentists retained by or associated with PC. Section 3.6 Personnel. Except as specifically provided in Section 4.2(b) of this Management Services Agreement, Business Manager shall, consistent with the Budget, employ or otherwise retain and shall be responsible for selecting, hiring, training, supervising, and terminating, all management, administrative, clerical, secretarial, bookkeeping, accounting, payroll, billing and collection and other nonprofessional personnel as Business Manager deems reasonably necessary and appropriate to enable Business Manager to perform its duties and obligations under this Management Services Agreement. All such personnel employed by Business Manager at each Center shall be reasonably acceptable to PC and the Business Manager shall consult with PC on the individual who is hired as PC's office manager. Business Manager shall, consistent with the Budget, have sole responsibility for determining the salaries and providing such fringe benefits, and for withholding, as required by law, any sums for income tax, unemployment insurance, social security, or any other withholding required by applicable law or governmental requirement. Section 3.7 Contract Negotiations. Business Manager shall advise PC with respect to and negotiate, either directly or on PC's behalf, as appropriate and allowed by law all contractual arrangements between PC and third parties as are reasonably necessary and appropriate for PC's provision of Dental Services, including, without limitation, negotiated price agreements with third party payors, alternative delivery systems, or other purchasers of group health care services. Section 3.8 Billing and Collection. On behalf of and for the account of PC, Business Manager shall establish and maintain credit and billing and collection policies and procedures, and shall timely bill and collect all professional and other fees for all Dental Services provided by PC, or Dentists employed or otherwise retained by PC. Business Manager shall advise and consult with PC regarding the fees for Dental Services provided by PC; it being understood, however, that PC shall establish the fees to be charged for Dental Services and that Business Manager shall have no authority whatsoever with respect to the establishment of such fees. In connection with the billing and collection services to be provided hereunder, and throughout the Term (and 8 thereafter as provided in Section 6.3), PC hereby grants to Business Manager a special power of attorney and appoints Business Manager as PC's exclusive true and lawful agent and attorney-in-fact, and Business Manager hereby accepts such special power of attorney and appointment, for the following purposes: (a) To bill PC's patients, in PC's name and on PC's behalf, for all Dental Services provided by PC to patients. (b) To bill, in PC's name and on PC's behalf, all claims for reimbursement or indemnification from Blue Shield/Blue Cross, insurance companies and all other third party payors or fiscal intermediaries for all covered billable Dental Services provided by PC to patients. (c) To collect and receive in Business Manager's name and for Business Manager's account all accounts receivable of PC purchased by Business Manager, and to deposit such collections in an account selected by Business Manager and maintained in Business Manager's name. (d) To collect and receive, in PC's name and on PC's behalf, all accounts receivable generated by such billings and claims for reimbursement that have not been purchased by Business Manager, to administer such accounts including, but not limited to, (i) extending the time of payment of any such accounts for cash, credit or otherwise; (ii) discharging or releasing the obligors of any such accounts; (iii) suing, assigning or selling at a discount such accounts to collection agencies; or (iv) taking other measures to require the payment of any such accounts. (e) To deposit all amounts collected under clause (d) above into PC Account which shall be and at all times remain in PC's name or in the name of Business Manager. PC covenants to transfer and deliver to Business Manager for deposit into PC Account (or, with respect to accounts receivable purchased by Business Manager, Business Manager's account) all funds received by PC from patients or third party payors for Dental Services. Upon receipt by Business Manager of any funds from patients or third party payors or from PC pursuant hereto for Dental Services, Business Manager shall immediately deposit those that relate to accounts receivable covered by clause (d) above into the PC Account. Business Manager shall disburse such deposited funds to creditors and other persons on behalf of PC, maintaining records of such receipt and disbursement of funds in accordance with Section 3.9(b). (f) To take possession of, endorse in the name of PC, and deposit into the PC Account any notes, checks, money orders, insurance payments, and any other instruments received in payment for Dental Services that relate to accounts receivable covered by clause (d) above. 9 (g) To sign checks, drafts, bank notes or other instruments on behalf of PC, and to make withdrawals from the PC Account for payments specified in this Management Services Agreement. Upon request of Business Manager, PC shall execute and deliver to the financial institution wherein the PC Account is maintained, such additional documents or instruments as may be necessary to evidence or effect the special and limited power of attorney granted to Business Manager by PC pursuant to this Section 3.8 or pursuant to Section 3.9 of this Management Services Agreement. The special and limited power of attorney granted herein shall be coupled with an interest and shall be irrevocable except with Business Manager's written consent. The irrevocable power of attorney shall expire on the later of when this Management Services Agreement has been terminated, when all accounts receivable purchased by Business Manager have been collected, or when all Management Fees due to Business Manager have been paid. If Business Manager assigns this Management Services Agreement in accordance with its terms, then PC shall execute a power of attorney in favor of the assignee including substantially the same terms set forth in this Section 3.8. Section 3.9 PC Account. (a) Access. Business Manager shall have access to the PC Account solely for the purposes contemplated hereby. PC shall neither draw checks on the PC Account nor request Business Manager to do so. (b) Priority of Payments. Business Manager shall apply on a monthly basis, except as otherwise stated hereunder, funds that are in the PC Account in the following order of priority: (i) PC Expenses; (ii) Office Expenses (other than the Base Management Fee); (iii) Management Fees (both Base Management Fee and Performance Fee); and (iv) any other expenditures. Section 3.10 Fiscal Matters. (a) Annual Budget. 1. Initial Budget. The initial Budget shall be agreed upon and approved in writing by the parties before the execution of this Management Services Agreement. 2. Process for Succeeding Budgets. Annually and at least thirty (30) days prior to the commencement of each fiscal year of PC, Business Manager, in consultation with PC, shall prepare and deliver to PC for PC's approval a proposed Budget, setting forth an estimate of PC's revenues and expenses for the upcoming fiscal year (including, without limitation, the Management Fee and Performance Fee associated with the services provided by Business Manager hereunder). PC shall review the proposed Budget and either approve 10 the proposed Budget or request any changes within fifteen (15) days after receiving the proposed Budget. The Budget shall be adopted by PC after its approval thereof and may be revised or modified only in consultation with the Business Manager. 3. Succeeding Budgets; Special Rates. In each succeeding Budget, unless the parties otherwise mutually agree or are otherwise precluded by law or regulation, the criteria for the Performance Fee and Business Manager's right to receive the Performance Fee shall be continued on the same basis. 4. Deadlock. In the event the parties are unable to agree on a Budget by the beginning of the fiscal year, until an agreement is reached, the Budget for the prior year shall be deemed to be adopted as the Budget for the current year, with each line item in the Budget (with the exception of the Base Management Fee and any one-time or non-recurring expenses included in such prior Budget) increased or decreased by (i) the percentage by which the Adjusted Gross Revenue in the current year has increased or decreased compared to the corresponding period of the prior year; (ii) the increase or decrease from the prior year in the Consumer Price Index - Health/Medical Services, Houston, Texas area; and (iii) the proportionate increase or decrease in mutually agreed upon personnel costs as measured by the increase or decrease in full-time-equivalent personnel. 5. Obligation of Business Manager. Business Manager shall use commercially reasonable efforts to manage and administer the operations of PC as herein provided so that the actual revenues, costs and expenses of the operation and maintenance of PC during any applicable period of PC's fiscal year shall be consistent with the Budget. (b) Accounting and Financial Records. Business Manager shall establish and administer accounting procedures, controls, and systems for the development, preparation, and safekeeping of administrative or financial records and books of account relating to the business and financial affairs of PC and the provision of Dental Services all of which shall be prepared and maintained in accordance with GAAP and applicable laws and regulations. Business Manager shall prepare and deliver to PC, within one hundred twenty (120) days of the end of each calendar year, a balance sheet and a profit and loss statement reflecting the financial status of PC in regard to the provision of Dental Services as of the end of such calendar year, all of which shall be prepared in accordance with GAAP consistently applied. In addition, Business Manager shall prepare or assist in the preparation of any other financial statements or records as PC may reasonably request. (c) Review of Expenditures. PC shall review all expenditures related to the operation of PC, but PC shall not have the power to prohibit or invalidate any 11 expenditure that is consistent with the Budget. Business Manager shall not have any authority to make any expenditures not consistent with the Budget. (d) Tax Matters. 1. In General. Business Manager shall prepare or arrange for the preparation by an accountant approved in advance by PC (which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld) of all appropriate tax returns and reports required of PC. 2. Sales and Use Taxes. Business Manager and PC acknowledge and agree that to the extent that any of the services to be provided by Business Manager hereunder may be subject to any State sales and use taxes, Business Manager may have a legal obligation to collect such taxes from PC and to remit same to the appropriate tax collection authorities. PC agrees to pay in addition to the payment of the Management Fee, the applicable State sales and use taxes in respect of the portion of the Management Fees attributable to such services. Section 3.11 Reports and Records. Business Manager shall establish, monitor, and maintain procedures and policies for the timely creation, preparation, filing and retrieval of all dental records generated by PC in connection with PC's provision of Dental Services; and, subject to applicable law, shall use its best efforts to ensure that dental records are promptly available to Dentists and any other appropriate persons. All such dental records shall be retained and maintained in accordance with all applicable State and federal laws relating to the confidentiality and retention thereof. All dental records shall be and remain the property and under the control of PC and shall be located at the applicable Center so that they are readily available for patient care, and PC shall remain the custodian thereof and responsible for their maintenance. Business Manager shall use its reasonable efforts to preserve the confidentiality of dental records and use information contained in such records only for the limited purpose necessary to perform the services set forth herein; provided, however, in no event shall a breach of said confidentiality be deemed a default under this Agreement. Section 3.12 Recruitment of PC Dentists. Upon PC's request, Business Manager shall perform all administrative services reasonably necessary and appropriate to recruit potential Dentist personnel to become employees of PC. Business Manager shall provide PC with model agreements to document PC's employment, retention or other service arrangements with such individuals. It will be and remain the sole and complete responsibility of PC to interview, select, contract with, supervise, control and terminate all Dentists performing Dental Services or other professional services, and Business Manager shall have no authority whatsoever with respect to such activities. 12 Section 3.13 Business Manager's Insurance. Throughout the Term, Business Manager shall, as an Office Expense, obtain and maintain with commercial carriers, through self-insurance or some combination thereof, appropriate worker's compensation coverage for Business Manager's employed personnel provided pursuant to this Management Services Agreement, and professional, casualty and comprehensive general liability insurance covering Business Manager, Business Manager's personnel, and all of Business Manager's equipment in such amounts, on such basis and upon such terms and conditions as Business Manager deems appropriate. Upon the request of PC, Business Manager shall provide PC with a certificate evidencing such insurance coverage. Business Manager may also carry, as an Office Expense, key person life and disability insurance on any shareholder or Dentist employee of PC in amounts determined reasonable and sufficient by Business Manager. Business Manager shall be the owner and beneficiary of any such insurance. Section 3.14 No Warranty. PC acknowledges that Business Manager has not made and will not make any express or implied warranties or representations that the services provided by Business Manager will result in any particular amount or level of dental practice or income to PC. ARTICLE 4. COVENANTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF PC Section 4.1 Organization and Operation. PC, as a continuing condition of Business Manager's obligations under this Management Services Agreement, shall at all times during the Term be and remain legally organized and operated to provide Dental Services in a manner consistent with all State and federal laws. PC shall operate and maintain within the Practice Territory a full time practice of dentistry specializing in the provision of Dental Services. Section 4.2 PC Personnel. (a) Dental Personnel. PC shall retain, as a PC Expense and not as an Office Expense, that number of Dentists as are reasonably necessary and appropriate in the sole discretion of PC for the provision of Dental Services. Each Dentist retained by PC shall hold and maintain a valid and unrestricted license to practice dentistry in the State, and shall be competent in the practice of dentistry, including any subspecialties that the retained Dentist will practice on behalf of PC. PC shall enter into and maintain with each such retained Dentist a written employment agreement in a form reasonably satisfactory to PC and Business Manager and will not commit and permit to remain outstanding any breach of such employment agreement that would allow the Dentist to terminate for cause. PC shall be responsible for paying the compensation and benefits, as applicable, for all Dentists and any other dental personnel or other contracted or affiliated dentists, and for withholding, as required by law, any sums for income tax, unemployment insurance, social security, or any other withholding required by applicable law. Business Manager may, on behalf of PC, establish and administer the compensation with respect to such individuals in accordance with the 13 written agreement between PC and each Dentist. Business Manager shall neither control nor direct any Dentist in the performance of Dental Services for patients. (b) Employment of Non-dentist Dental Care Personnel. PC shall employ or retain, as an Office Expense, all non-dentist dental care personnel, such as dental assistants, dental hygienists and dental technicians, required under the Act or otherwise required by law to work under the direct supervision of a Dentist or who Business Manager and PC determine should work under the direct supervision of a Dentist. Such non-dentist dental care personnel shall be under PC's control, supervision and direction in the performance of Dental Services for patients. Section 4.3 Professional Standards. As a continuing condition of Business Manager's obligations hereunder, each Dentist and any other dental personnel retained by PC to provide Dental Services must (i) comply with, be controlled and governed by and otherwise provide Dental Services in accordance with the code of professional conduct and applicable federal, State and municipal laws, rules, regulations, ordinances and orders, and the ethics and standard of care of the dental community wherein any Center is located and (ii) obtain and retain appropriate dental staff membership with appropriate clinical privileges at any hospital or health care facility at which Dental Services are to be provided. Procurement of temporary staff privileges pending the completion of the dental staff approval process shall satisfy this provision, provided the Dentist actively pursues full appointment and actually receives full appointment within a reasonable time. Section 4.4 Dental Services. PC shall ensure that Dentists and non-dentist dental care personnel are available to provide Dental Services to patients. In the event that Dentists are not available to provide Dental Services coverage, PC shall engage and retain locum tenens coverage as it deems reasonable and appropriate based on patient care requirements. Dentists retained on a locum tenens basis shall meet all of the requirements of Section 4.3, and the cost of providing locum tenens coverage shall be a PC Expense. With the assistance of the Business Manager, PC and the Dentists shall be responsible for scheduling Dentist and non-dentist dental care personnel coverage of all dental procedures. PC shall cause all Dentists to develop and promote PC. Section 4.5 Peer Review/Quality Assurance. PC shall adopt a peer review/quality assessment program to monitor and evaluate the quality and cost-effectiveness of Dental Services provided by dental personnel of PC. Upon request of PC, Business Manager shall provide administrative assistance to PC in performing its peer review/quality assurance activities, but only if such assistance can be provided consistent with maintaining the confidentiality and nondiscoverability of the processes and actions of the Peer Review/Quality Assurance process of PC and not be regarded as practicing dentistry under the Act. 14 Section 4.6 PC's Insurance. PC shall, as an Office Expense, obtain and maintain with commercial carriers acceptable to Business Manager appropriate worker's compensation coverage for PC's employed personnel, if any, and professional and comprehensive general liability insurance covering PC and each of the Dentists PC retains or employs to provide Dental Services. The comprehensive general liability coverage shall be in the minimum amount of One Million Dollars ($1,000,000) for each occurrence and Two Million Dollars ($2,000,000) annual aggregate; and professional liability coverage shall be in the minimum amount of One Million Dollars ($1,000,000) for each occurrence and Three Million Dollars ($3,000,000) annual aggregate. The insurance policy or policies shall provide for at least thirty (30) days advance written notice to PC from the insurer as to any alteration of coverage, cancellation, or proposed cancellation for any cause. PC shall cause to be issued to Business Manager by such insurer or insurers a certificate reflecting such coverage and shall provide written notice to Business Manager promptly upon receipt of notice given to Dentist of the cancellation or proposed cancellation of such insurance for any cause. Upon the termination of this Management Services Agreement for any reason, PC shall obtain and maintain as a PC Expense "tail" professional liability coverage, in the amounts specified in this section for an extended reporting period of 10 years, and PC shall be responsible for paying all premiums for "tail" insurance coverage. In no event shall the professional liability insurance carrier be replaced or changed without the consent of PC and Business Manager. PC and Business Manager agree to use their best efforts to have each other named as additional insureds on the other's respective professional liability insurance at Business Manager's expense. Section 4.7 Name, Trademark. PC represents and warrants that, as of the date hereof, PC conducts its professional practice under the name of, and only under the name of "Jack H. Castle, D.D.S., P.C." and that such name is the name of PC under Texas law, and that to its knowledge PC is the sole and absolute owner of the name. PC covenants and promises that, except as provided below, without the prior written consent of the Business Manager, PC will not: (a) take any action or omit to take any action that is reasonably likely to result in the change or loss of the name; (b) license, sell, give, or otherwise transfer the name or the right to use the name to any dental practice, dentist, professional corporation, or any other entity; or (c) cease conducting the professional practice of PC under the name. Immediately following the signing of this Agreement, the PC shall change its name to "Castle Dental Associates of Texas, P.C." and all provisions applicable to the prior name shall thereafter be applicable to this new name. Section 4.8 Peer Review. PC shall designate a committee of Dentists to function as a dental peer review committee to review credentials of potential recruits, perform 15 quality assurance functions, and otherwise resolve dental competence issues. The dental peer review committee shall function pursuant to formal written policies and procedures. Section 4.9 Indemnification. PC shall indemnify, hold harmless and defend Business Manager, its officers, directors and employees, from and against any and all liability, loss, damage, claim, causes of action and expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees), whether or not covered by insurance, caused or asserted to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by or as a result of the performance of Dental Services or any other acts or omissions by PC and/or its shareholders, agents, employees and/or subcontractors (other than Business Manager) during the term hereof. Business Manager shall indemnify, hold harmless and defend PC, its officers, directors and employees, from and against any and all liability, loss, damage, claim, causes of action and expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees), caused or asserted to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by or as a result of the performance of any intentional acts, negligent acts, or omissions by Business Manager and/or its shareholders, agents, employees and/or subcontractors (other than PC) during the term of this Agreement. ARTICLE 5. FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENT Section 5.1 Definitions. For purposes of this Article 5, capitalized terms used herein shall have the meanings ascribed as follows: (a) Base Management Fee. The Base Management Fee shall be the amount, calculated on a monthly basis, that is equal to fifteen percent (15%) of the Adjusted Gross Revenue attributable to the applicable monthly period. (b) Performance Fee. The Performance Fee shall be the amount, calculated on a monthly basis, that is calculated in accordance with the Applicable Exhibit to the Budget. Section 5.2 Management Fee. PC and Business Manager agree to the compensation set forth herein as being paid to Business Manager in consideration of a substantial commitment made by Business Manager hereunder and that such fees are fair and reasonable. Each month, in the priority established by Section 3.9 (b), Business Manager shall be paid the following: (i) the amount of all Office Expenses (other than the Base Management Fee) paid by the Business Manager on behalf of PC. (ii) the Base Management Fee. (iii) the Performance Fee. 16 Section 5.3 Adjustments. If there are not sufficient funds to pay either or both of the Base Management Fee or the Performance Fee, all unpaid amounts shall accumulate and carry over from month to month until paid or until the termination of this Management Services Agreement, in which case such unpaid amounts shall be immediately due and payable as of the date of termination. Amounts carried over shall earn interest at the rate of ten percent (10%) per annum. Furthermore, the amount of the Performance Fee paid will be monitored and reconciled on an annual basis and any overpayments of the Performance Fee shall be promptly refunded by the Business Manager. Section 5.4 Reasonable Value. Payment of the Base Management Fee or Performance Fee is not intended to be and shall not be interpreted or applied as permitting Business Manager to share in PC's fees for Dental Services or any other services, but is acknowledged as the parties' negotiated agreement as to the reasonable fair market value of the equipment, contract analysis and support, other support services, purchasing, personnel, office space, management, administration, strategic management and other items and services furnished by Business Manager pursuant to this Management Services Agreement, considering the nature and volume of the services required and the risks assumed by Business Manager. Section 5.5 Payment of Management Fee. To facilitate the payment of the Management Fee as provided in Section 5.1 hereof, PC hereby expressly authorizes Business Manager to make withdrawals of the Management Fee from the PC Account as such fee becomes due and payable during the Term and thereafter as provided in Section 6.3. Section 5.6 Accounts Receivable. To assure that PC receives the entire amount of professional fees for its services and to assist PC in maintaining reasonable cash flow for the payment of Office Expenses, Business Manager may, during the Term, purchase, without recourse to PC for the amount of the purchase, the accounts receivable of PC arising during the previous month by transferring the amount set forth below into the PC Account. The consideration for the purchase shall be an amount equal to the Adjusted Gross Revenue recorded each month (according to GAAP reflecting adjustments related to the bad debt reserve). Business Manager shall be entitled to offset Office Expenses reimbursement due to Business Manager under Section 5.2 above against the amount payable for the accounts receivable. Although it is the intention of the parties that Business Manager purchase and thereby become the owner of the accounts receivable of PC, in the event such purchase shall be ineffective for any reason, PC is concurrently herewith granting to Business Manager a security interest in the accounts so purchased, and PC shall cooperate with Business Manager and execute all documents in connection with the pledge of such purchased accounts receivable to Business Manager. All collections in respect to such accounts receivable purchased by Business Manager shall be received by Business Manager as the agent of PC and shall be endorsed to Business Manager and deposited in a bank account at a bank designated by Business Manager. To the extent PC comes into possession of any 17 payments in respect of such accounts receivable, PC shall direct such payments to Business Manager for deposit in bank accounts designated by Business Manager. Section 5.7 Disputes Regarding Fees. PC shall not be entitled to a set-off or reduction in its Management Fees by reason of its belief that Business Manager has failed to perform its obligations hereunder or otherwise. ARTICLE 6. TERM AND TERMINATION Section 6.1 Initial and Renewal Term. The Term of this Management Services Agreement will be for an initial period of twenty-five (25) years after the effective date, and shall be automatically renewed for successive five (5) year periods thereafter, provided that neither Business Manager nor PC shall have given notice of termination of this Management Services Agreement at least ninety (90) days before the end of the initial term or any renewal term, or unless otherwise terminated as provided in Section 6.2 of this Management Services Agreement. Section 6.2 Termination. (a) Termination By Business Manager. Subject to Section 6.2(c), Business Manager may only terminate this Management Services Agreement either without cause upon ninety (90) days' written notice to PC, or upon the occurrence of any one of the following events which shall be deemed to be "for cause": (i) The dissolution of PC or the filing of a petition in voluntary bankruptcy, an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or other action taken voluntarily or involuntarily under any State or federal statute for the protection of debtors; (ii) PC materially defaults in the performance of any of its material duties or obligations hereunder, and such default continues for thirty (30) days after PC receives notice of the default. (b) Termination By PC. Subject to Section 6.2(c) PC may only terminate this Management Services Agreement upon any of the following occurrences which shall be deemed to be "for cause": (i) The dissolution of Business Manager or the filing of a petition in voluntary bankruptcy, an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or other action taken voluntarily or involuntarily under any State or federal statute for the protection of debtors; (ii) In the event that Business Manager materially defaults in the performance of any of its material obligations hereunder and such 18 default continues for sixty (60) days after Business Manager receives notice of the default. Termination by PC hereunder shall require the affirmative vote of three-fourths of the outstanding voting shares of the common shareholders of PC entitled to vote. (c) Termination by Agreement. In the event PC and Business Manager shall mutually agree in writing, this Management Services Agreement may be terminated on the date specified in such written agreement. (d) Legislative, Regulatory or Administrative Change. In the event there shall be a change in the Act, any federal or State statutes, case laws, regulations or general instructions, the interpretation of any of the foregoing, the adoption of new federal or State legislation, or a change in any third party reimbursement system, any of which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the manner in which either party may perform or be compensated for its services under this Management Services Agreement or which shall make this Management Services Agreement unlawful, the parties shall immediately enter into good faith negotiations regarding a new service arrangement or basis for compensation for the services furnished pursuant to this Management Services Agreement that complies with the law, regulation, or policy and that approximates as closely as possible the economic position of the parties prior to the change. If good faith negotiations cannot resolve the matter, it shall be submitted to arbitration as referenced in Section 7.6; provided however that in the event that the State Board of Dental Examiners issues a final and non-appealable order revoking the license of any Dentist on the grounds that PC's entering into and performing its obligations under this Management Services Agreement is unlawful, PC may terminate this Management Services Agreement upon thirty (30) days prior written notice. Section 6.3 Effects of Termination. Upon termination of this Management Services Agreement, as hereinabove provided, neither party shall have any further obligations hereunder except for (i) obligations accruing prior to the date of termination, including, without limitation, payment of the Management Fees and PC Expenses relating to services provided prior to the termination of this Management Services Agreement and (ii) obligations, promises, or covenants set forth herein that are expressly made to extend beyond the Term, including, without limitation, indemnities, which provisions shall survive the expiration or termination of this Management Services Agreement for any reason. In effectuating the provisions of this Section 6.3, PC specifically acknowledges and agrees that Business Manager shall continue to collect and receive on behalf of PC all cash collections from accounts receivable in existence at the time this Management Services Agreement is terminated, it being understood that such cash collections will represent, in part, compensation to Business Manager for management services already rendered and compensation on accounts receivable purchased by Business Manager. Upon the expiration or termination of this Management Services Agreement for any reason or 19 cause whatsoever, Business Manager shall surrender to PC all books and records pertaining to PC's dental practice. ARTICLE 7. MISCELLANEOUS Section 7.1 Administrative Services Only. Nothing in this Management Services Agreement is intended or shall be construed to allow Business Manager to exercise control or direction over the manner or method by which PC and its Dentists perform Dental Services or other professional health care services. The rendition of all Dental Services, including, but not limited to, the prescription or administration of drugs shall be the sole responsibility of PC and its Dentists, and Business Manager shall not interfere in any manner or to any extent therewith. Nothing contained in this Management Services Agreement shall be construed to permit Business Manager to engage in the practice of dentistry, it being the sole intention of the parties hereto that the services to be rendered to PC by Business Manager are solely for the purpose of providing nondental management and administrative services to PC so as to enable PC to devote its full time and energies to the professional conduct of its dental practice and provision of Dental Services to its patients and not to administration, or practice management. Section 7.2 Status of Contractor; Agency. It is expressly acknowledged that the parties hereto are independent contractors and that this Management Services Agreement is intended to constitute Business Manager as PC's agent. Nothing herein shall be construed to create an employer/employee, partnership, or joint venture relationship, or to allow either to exercise control or direction over the manner or method by which the other performs the services that are the subject matter of this Management Services Agreement or to permit Business Manager to take any action that would constitute the practice of dentistry; provided always that the services to be provided hereunder shall be furnished in a manner consistent with the standards governing such services and the provisions of this Management Services Agreement. Each party understands and agrees that (i) the other will not be treated as an employee for federal tax purposes, (ii) neither will withhold on behalf of the other any sums for income tax, unemployment insurance, social security, or any other withholding pursuant to any law or requirement of any governmental body or make available any of the benefits afforded to its employees, (iii) all of such payments, withholdings, and benefits, if any, are the sole responsibility of the party incurring the liability, and (iv) each will indemnify and hold the other harmless from any and all loss or liability arising with respect to such payments, withholdings, and benefits, if any. Section 7.3 Notices. Any notice, demand, or communication required, permitted, or desired to be given hereunder shall be in writing and shall be served on the parties at the following respective addresses: PC: CASTLE DENTAL ASSOCIATES OF TEXAS, P.C. 20 3701 Kirby, Suite 550 Houston, Texas 77098 ATTN: President Business Manager: CASTLE DENTAL CENTERS OF TEXAS, INC. 3701 Kirby, Suite 550 Houston, Texas 77098 ATTN: President or to such other address, or to the attention of such other person or officer, as any party may by written notice designate. Any notice, demand, or communication required, permitted, or desired to be given hereunder shall be sent either (a) by hand delivery, in which case notice shall be deemed received when actually delivered, (b) by prepaid certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, in which case notice shall be deemed received five calendar days after deposit, postage prepaid in the United States Mail, or (c) by a nationally recognized overnight courier, in which case notice shall be deemed received one business day after deposit with such courier. Section 7.4 Governing Law. This Management Services Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of Texas applicable to agreements to be performed wholly within the State. Texas law was chosen by the parties after negotiation to govern interpretation of this Management Services Agreement because Harris County, Texas is the seat of management for Business Manager. The federal and State courts of Harris County, Texas shall be the exclusive venue for any litigation, special proceeding, or other proceeding between the parties that may arise out of, or be brought in connection with or by reason of, this Management Services Agreement. Section 7.5 Assignment. Except as may be herein specifically provided to the contrary, this Management Services Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective legal representatives, successors, and assigns; provided, however, that PC may not assign this Management Services Agreement without the prior written consent of Business Manager, which consent may be withheld. The sale, transfer, pledge, or assignment of any of the common shares held by any shareholder of PC or the issuance by PC of common or other voting shares to any other person, or any combination of such transactions within a period of one (1) year, such that the existing shareholder in PC fails to maintain a majority of the voting interests in PC shall be deemed an attempted assignment by PC, and shall be null and void unless consented to in writing by Business Manager prior to any such transfer or issuance. Any breach of this provision, whether or not void or voidable, shall constitute a material breach of this Management Services Agreement, and in the event of such breach, Business Manager may terminate this Management Services Agreement upon twenty-four (24) hours notice to PC. 21 Section 7.6 Arbitration. (a) General. The parties shall use good faith negotiation to resolve any controversy, dispute or disagreement arising out of or relating to this Management Services Agreement or the breach of this Management Services Agreement. Any matter not resolved by negotiation shall be submitted to binding arbitration and such arbitration shall be governed by the terms of this Section 7.6. (b) Scope. Unless otherwise specifically provided herein, the parties hereto agree that any claim, controversy, dispute or disagreement between or among any of the parties hereto arising out of or relating to this Management Services Agreement shall be governed exclusively by the terms and provisions of this Section 7.6; provided, however, that the terms and provisions of this Section 7.6 shall not preclude any party hereto from seeking, or a court of competent jurisdiction from granting, a temporary restraining order, temporary injunction or other equitable relief for any breach of any duty, obligation, covenant, representation or warranty, the breach of which may cause irreparable harm or damage. (c) Arbitrators. In the event of any claim, controversy, dispute or disagreement between the parties hereto arising out of or relating to this Management Services Agreement, and in the further event the parties are unable to resolve such claim, controversy, dispute or disagreement within thirty (30) days after notice is first delivered pursuant to Section 7.3, the parties agree to select arbitrators to hear and decide all such claims under this Section 7.6. Each party shall select one arbitrator, The two arbitrators so chosen shall then select a third arbitrator who is experienced in the matter or action that is subject to such arbitration. If such matter or action involves health-care issues, then the third arbitrator shall have such qualifications as would satisfy the requirements of the National Health Lawyers Association Alternative Dispute Resolution Service. Each of the arbitrators chosen shall be impartial and independent of all parties hereto. If either of the parties fails to select an arbitrator within twenty days after the end of such thirty-day period, or if the arbitrators chosen fail to select a third arbitrator within twenty days, then any party may in writing request the judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas senior in term of service to appoint the arbitrator or arbitrators and, subject to this Section 7.6, such arbitrators shall hear all arbitration matters arising under this Section 7.6, and, in default of such selection, may ask the American Arbitration Association. 22 (d) Applicable Rules. (i) Each arbitration hearing shall be held at a place in Houston, Texas acceptable to a majority of the arbitrators. The arbitration shall be conducted in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association to the extent such rules do not conflict with the terms hereof. The decision of a majority of the arbitrators shall be reduced to writing and shall be binding on the parties. Judgment upon the award(s) rendered by a majority of the arbitrators may be entered and execution had in any court of competent jurisdiction or application may be made to such court for a judicial acceptance of the award and an order of enforcement. The charges and expenses of the arbitrators shall be shared equally by the parties to the hearing. (ii) The arbitration shall commence within thirty (30) days after the arbitrators are selected in accordance with the provisions of this Section 7.6. In fulfilling their duties with respect to the matter in arbitration, the arbitrators may consider such matters as, in the opinion of the arbitrators, are necessary or helpful to make a proper valuation. The arbitrators may consult with and engage disinterested third parties to advise the arbitrators. The arbitrators shall not add any interest factor reflecting the time value of money to the amount of any award granted under any arbitration hereunder and shall not award any punitive damages. (iii) If any of the arbitrators selected hereunder should die, resign or be unable to perform his or her duties hereunder, the remaining arbitrators or such senior judge (or such judge's successor) shall select a replacement arbitrator. The procedure set forth in this Section 7.6 for selecting the arbitrators shall be followed from time to time as necessary. (iv) As to the resolution of any claim, controversy, dispute or disagreement that under the terms hereof is made subject to arbitration, no lawsuit based on such resolution shall be instituted by either of the parties hereto, other than to compel arbitration proceedings or enforce the award of a majority of the arbitrators. (v) All privileges under Texas and federal law, including attorney-client and work-product privileges, shall be preserved and protected to the same extent that such privileges would be protected in a federal court proceeding applying Texas law. Section 7.7 Waiver of Breach. The waiver by either party of a breach or violation of any provision of this Management Services Agreement shall not operate as, 23 or be construed to constitute, a waiver of any subsequent breach of the same or another provision hereof. Section 7.8 Enforcement. In the event either party resorts to legal action to enforce or interpret any provision of this Management Services Agreement, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover the costs and expenses of such action so incurred, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees. Section 7.9 Gender and Number. Whenever the context of this Management Services Agreement requires, the gender of all words herein shall include the masculine, feminine, and neuter, and the number of all words herein shall include the singular and plural. Section 7.10 Additional Assurances. Except as may be herein specifically provided to the contrary, the provisions of this Management Services Agreement shall be self-operative and shall not require further agreement by the parties; provided, however, at the request of either party, the other party shall execute such additional instruments and take such additional acts as are reasonable and as the requesting party may deem necessary to effectuate this Management Services Agreement. Section 7.11 Consents, Approvals, and Exercise of Discretion. Whenever this Management Services Agreement requires any consent or approval to be given by either party, or either party must or may exercise discretion, and except where specifically set forth to the contrary, the parties agree that such consent or approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed, and that such discretion shall be reasonably exercised. Section 7.12 Force Majeure. Neither party shall be liable or deemed to be in default for any delay or failure in performance under this Management Services Agreement or other interruption of service deemed to result, directly or indirectly, from acts of God, civil or military authority, acts of public enemy, war, accidents, fires, explosions, earthquakes, floods, failure of transportation, strikes or other work interruptions by either party's employees, or any other similar cause beyond the reasonable control of either party unless such delay or failure in performance is expressly addressed elsewhere in this Management Services Agreement. Section 7.13 Severability. The parties hereto have negotiated and prepared the terms of this Management Services Agreement in good faith with the intent that each and every one of the terms, covenants and conditions herein be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the respective parties. Accordingly, if any one or more of the terms, provisions, promises, covenants or conditions of this Management Services Agreement or the application thereof to any person or circumstance shall be adjudged to any extent invalid, unenforceable, void or voidable for any reason whatsoever by a court of competent jurisdiction or an arbitration tribunal, such provision shall be as narrowly construed as possible, and each and all of the remaining terms, provisions, promises, 24 covenants and conditions of this Management Services Agreement or their application to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby and shall be valid and enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law. To the extent this Management Services Agreement is in violation of applicable law, then the parties agree to negotiate in good faith to amend the Management Services Agreement, to the extent possible consistent with its purposes, to conform to law. Section 7.14 Divisions and Headings. The divisions of this Management Services Agreement into articles, sections, and subsections and the use of captions and headings in connection therewith is solely for convenience and shall not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Management Services Agreement. Section 7.15 Amendments and Management Services Agreement Execution. This Management Services Agreement and amendments hereto shall be in writing and executed in multiple copies on behalf of PC by its President, and on behalf of Business Manager by any duly authorized officer thereof. Each multiple copy shall be deemed an original, but all multiple copies together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Section 7.16 Entire Management Services Agreement. With respect to the subject matter of this Management Services Agreement, this Management Services Agreement supersedes all previous contracts and constitutes the entire agreement between the parties. Neither party shall be entitled to benefits other than those specified herein. No prior oral statements or contemporaneous negotiations or understandings, except for the Budget, or prior written material not specifically incorporated herein shall be of any force and effect, and no changes in or additions to this Management Services Agreement shall be recognized unless incorporated herein by amendment as provided herein, such amendment(s) to become effective on the date stipulated in such amendment(s). The parties specifically acknowledge that, in entering into and executing this Management Services Agreement, except for the Budget, the parties rely solely upon the representations and agreements contained in this Management Services Agreement and no others. Signature Pages to Follow 25 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, PC and Business Manager have caused this Management Services Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized representatives, all as of the day and year first above written. PC: JACK H. CASTLE, D.D.S., P.C. By: --------------------------------------- Name: ------------------------------------- Title: ------------------------------------- BUSINESS MANAGER: CASTLE DENTAL CENTERS OF TEXAS, INC. By: --------------------------------------- Name: ------------------------------------- Title: -------------------------------------