Form of Underwriting Agreement

EX-1.1 2 a2233329zex-1_1.htm EX-1.1

Exhibit 1.1

 

CarGurus, Inc.

 

Class A Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share

 


 

Underwriting Agreement

 

[    ], 2017

 

Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC

Allen & Company LLC

As representatives of the several Underwriters

named in Schedule I hereto,

c/o Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC

200 West Street,

New York, New York 10282

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

CarGurus, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), proposes, subject to the terms and conditions stated in this agreement (this “Agreement”), to issue and sell to the Underwriters named in Schedule I hereto (the “Underwriters”) an aggregate of [    ] shares and, at the election of the Underwriters, up to [    ] additional shares, of Class A common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Stock”), of the Company, and the stockholders of the Company named in Schedule II hereto (the “Selling Stockholders”) propose, subject to the terms and conditions stated herein, to sell to the Underwriters an aggregate of [    ] shares of Stock and, at the election of the Underwriters, up to [    ] additional shares of Stock.  The aggregate of [    ] shares of Stock to be sold by the Company and the Selling Stockholders is herein called the “Firm Shares” and the aggregate of [    ] additional shares of Stock to be sold by the Company and the Selling Stockholders is herein called the “Optional Shares”.  The Firm Shares and the Optional Shares that the Underwriters elect to purchase pursuant to Section 2 hereof are herein collectively called the “Shares”.

 

The Company hereby confirms its engagement of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC as, and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC hereby confirms its agreement with the Company to render services as, the “qualified independent underwriter,” within the meaning of Rule 5121 of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) with respect to the offering and sale of the Shares. Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, solely in its capacity as the qualified independent underwriter and not otherwise, is referred to herein as the “QIU.” Aside from its relative portion of the underwriting discounts and commissions set forth on the cover page of the Prospectus (as defined below), the Company and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC agree that Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC will not receive any fees for serving as qualified independent underwriter in connection with the offering.

 

1.                                      (a)                                 The Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with, each of the Underwriters that:

 

(i)                                                 A registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-220495) (the “Initial Registration Statement”) in respect of the Shares has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”); the Initial Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, each in the form heretofore delivered to you and, excluding exhibits thereto, to you for each of the other Underwriters, have been declared effective by the Commission in such form; other than a registration statement, if any, increasing the size of the

 



 

offering (a “Rule 462(b) Registration Statement”), filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), which became effective upon filing, no other document with respect to the Initial Registration Statement has heretofore been filed with the Commission; and no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Initial Registration Statement, any post-effective amendment thereto or the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, if any, has been issued and no proceeding for that purpose has been initiated or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened by the Commission (any preliminary prospectus included in the Initial Registration Statement or filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(a) of the rules and regulations of the Commission under the Act is hereinafter called a “Preliminary Prospectus”; the various parts of the Initial Registration Statement and the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, if any, including all exhibits thereto and including the information contained in the form of final prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Act in accordance with Section 5(a) hereof and deemed by virtue of Rule 430A under the Act to be part of the Initial Registration Statement at the time it was declared effective, each as amended at the time such part of the Initial Registration Statement became effective or such part of the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, if any, became or hereafter becomes effective, are hereinafter collectively called the “Registration Statement”; the Preliminary Prospectus relating to the Shares that was included in the Registration Statement immediately prior to the Applicable Time (as defined in Section 1(a)(iii) hereof) is hereinafter called the “Pricing Prospectus”; the final prospectus, in the form first filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Act, is hereinafter called the  “Prospectus”; any “issuer free writing prospectus” as defined in Rule 433 under the Act relating to the Shares is hereinafter called an “Issuer Free Writing Prospectus”; any oral or written communication with potential investors undertaken in reliance on Section 5(d) of the Act is hereinafter called a “Section 5(d) Communication”; and any Section 5(d) Communication that is a written communication within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Act is hereinafter called a “Section 5(d) Writing”);

 

(ii)                                              No order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus has been issued by the Commission, and each Preliminary Prospectus, at the time of filing thereof, conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, and did not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided, however, that this representation and warranty shall not apply to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Company by an Underwriter through Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC and Allen & Company LLC expressly for use therein (the “Underwriter Information”) or information furnished in writing to the Company by a Selling Stockholder expressly for use in the preparation of disclosure therein with respect to Items 7 and 11(m) of Form S-1; provided that it is agreed that the only such information furnished by any Selling Stockholder to the Company consists of (A) the legal name, address and the number of shares of Stock and Class B common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company owned by such Selling Stockholder before and after the offering, and (B) the other information with respect to such Selling Stockholder (excluding percentages) which appears in the table (and corresponding footnotes) under the caption “Principal and Selling Stockholders” in the Registration Statement, Preliminary Prospectus or Prospectus (with respect to each Selling Stockholder, the “Selling Stockholder Information”);

 

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(iii)                                           For the purposes of this Agreement, the “Applicable Time”  is [   :      ]m (Eastern time) on the date of this Agreement.  The Pricing Prospectus, as supplemented by the information listed on Schedule III(c) hereto, taken together (collectively, the “Pricing Disclosure Package”), as of the Applicable Time, did not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus listed on Schedule III(a) hereto does not conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus and each such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, and each Section 5(d) Writing listed on Schedule III(b) hereto, each as supplemented by and taken together with the Pricing Disclosure Package, as of the Applicable Time, did not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided, however, that this representation and warranty shall not apply to statements or omissions made in the Pricing Disclosure Package, an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or Section 5(d) Writing in reliance upon and in conformity with Underwriter Information or Selling Stockholder Information;

 

(iv)                                          The Registration Statement conforms, and the Prospectus and any further amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus will conform, in all material respects to the requirements of the Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder and do not and will not, as of the applicable effective date as to each part of the Registration Statement and as of the applicable filing date as to the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; provided, however, that this representation and warranty shall not apply to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with Underwriter Information or Selling Stockholder Information;

 

(v)                                             The Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, have not sustained since the date of the latest audited financial statements included in the Pricing Prospectus any material loss or material interference with their business from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor dispute or court or governmental action, order or decree, otherwise than as set forth or contemplated in the Pricing Prospectus; and, since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement and the Pricing Prospectus, there has not been any change in the capital stock (other than as a result of (i) the exercise or settlement (including any “net” or “cashless” exercises or settlements) of stock options or restricted stock units, as applicable, or the award of stock options or restricted stock units in the ordinary course of business pursuant to the Company’s employee benefit plans, stock option plans or other employee compensation plans disclosed in the Pricing Prospectus, (ii) the repurchase of unvested shares of the Company’s capital stock by the Company upon termination of the holder’s employment with the Company or (iii) the issuance of stock upon conversion of preferred stock of the Company as described in the Pricing Prospectus) or long-term debt of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any Material Adverse Effect (as defined below).  “Material Adverse Effect” means a material adverse change, or any development involving a prospective material adverse change, in or affecting the business, properties, general affairs, management, financial position, stockholders’ equity or results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, or the ability of the Company to perform its obligations under, or consummate the

 

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transactions contemplated by, this Agreement, taken as a whole, otherwise than as set forth or contemplated in the Pricing Prospectus;

 

(vi)                                          The Company and its subsidiaries do not own any real property.  The Company and its subsidiaries have good and marketable title to all personal property owned by them (other than with respect to Intellectual Property (as defined below), which is addressed exclusively in subsection (xxiii) below), free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and defects except such as are described in the Pricing Prospectus or such as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its subsidiaries; and any real property and buildings held under lease by the Company and its subsidiaries are held by them, to their knowledge, under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases (subject to the effects of (A) bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting rights or remedies of creditors generally; (B) the application of general principles of equity (including without limitation, concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing, regardless of whether enforcement is considered in proceedings at law or in equity); and (C) applicable laws and public policy with respect to rights to indemnity and contribution) with such exceptions as are not material and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property and buildings by the Company and its subsidiaries;

 

(vii)                                       The Company has been duly incorporated and is validly existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with corporate power and corporate authority to own its properties and conduct its business as described in the Pricing Prospectus, and has been duly qualified as a foreign corporation for the transaction of business and is in good standing under the laws of each other jurisdiction in which it owns or leases properties or conducts any business so as to require such qualification, except to the extent where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and each subsidiary of the Company has been duly incorporated or formed and is validly existing as a corporation or other business organization in good standing (or the foreign equivalent) under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation or formation, except where the failure to be in good standing (or the foreign equivalent) would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect;

 

(viii)                                    The Company has an authorized capitalization as described under the caption “Capitalization” set forth in the Pricing Prospectus and all of the issued shares of capital stock of the Company, including the Shares to be sold by the Selling Stockholders hereunder, have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and non-assessable and conform to the description of the Company’s capital stock contained in the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; and all of the issued shares of capital stock of each subsidiary of the Company have been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and non-assessable and are owned directly or indirectly by the Company, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities or claims;

 

(ix)                                          The Shares to be issued and sold by the Company to the Underwriters hereunder have been duly authorized and, when issued and delivered against payment therefor as provided herein, will be validly issued and fully paid and non-assessable and will

 

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conform to the description of the Stock contained in the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus;

 

(x)                                             The issuance and sale of the Shares to be purchased by the Underwriters and the compliance by the Company with this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions herein contemplated will not conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, (A) any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement, lease or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject, (B) the certificate of incorporation or by-laws or similar organizational documents of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or (C) any statute or any order, rule or regulation of any court or governmental agency or body having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their properties, except in the case of clauses (A) and (C) for such violations that would not, individually or in the aggregate, be reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and no consent, approval, authorization, order, registration or qualification of or with any such court or governmental agency or body is required for the issuance and sale of the Shares or the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, except for the registration under the Act of the sale of the Shares, the registration of the Stock under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), the approval by FINRA of the underwriting terms and arrangements, the approval for listing on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (the “Exchange”) and such consents, approvals, authorizations, orders, registrations or qualifications as may be required under state securities or Blue Sky laws, the rules and regulations of FINRA or the Exchange in connection with the purchase and distribution of the Shares by the Underwriters;

 

(xi)                                          Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is (A) in violation of its certificate of incorporation or by-laws or similar organizational documents, as applicable, (B) in violation of any statute or any order, rule or regulation of any court or governmental agency or body having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their properties or (C) in default in the performance or observance of any material obligation, agreement, covenant or condition contained in any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement, lease or other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties may be bound, except in the case of clauses (B) and (C) for such violations or defaults that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect;

 

(xii)                                       The statements set forth in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus under the caption “Description of Capital Stock”, insofar as they purport to constitute a summary of the terms of the Company’s capital stock and under the captions “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for Non-U.S. Holders” and “Underwriting (Conflicts of Interest)”, insofar as they purport to describe the provisions of the laws and documents referred to therein, are accurate and complete in all material respects;

 

(xiii)                                    Other than as set forth in the Pricing Prospectus, there are no legal or governmental proceedings pending to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries or, to the Company’s knowledge, any officer or director of the Company is a party or of which any property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or, to the Company’s knowledge, any officer or director of the Company is the subject which, if determined adversely to the

 

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Company or any of its subsidiaries, would individually or in the aggregate reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and, to the Company’s knowledge, no such proceedings are threatened or contemplated by governmental authorities or threatened by others;

 

(xiv)                                   The Company is not and, after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Shares and the application of the proceeds thereof, will not be an “investment company”, as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (the “Investment Company Act”);

 

(xv)                                      At the time of filing the Initial Registration Statement the Company was not, and is not, an “ineligible issuer,” as defined in Rule 405 under the Act;

 

(xvi)                                   Ernst & Young LLP, which has certified certain financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries, is an independent registered public accounting firm as required by the Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder;

 

(xvii)                                The financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, together with the related schedules and notes, present fairly in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its subsidiaries at the dates indicated and the statement of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows of the Company and its subsidiaries for the periods specified, subject, in the case of unaudited financial statements, to normal year-end audit adjustments; the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries included in the Registration Statement have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved except as disclosed therein; the supporting schedules included in the Registration Statement, if any, present fairly in all material respects the information required to be stated therein in accordance with GAAP; the selected financial data and the summary financial information included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus present fairly the information shown therein. Except as included therein, no historical or pro forma financial statements or supporting schedules are required to be included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus under the Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder; to the extent included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, the pro forma financial information and the related notes thereto included therein comply in all material respects with Regulation G of the Exchange Act and Item 10 of Regulation S-K of the Act, to the extent applicable; all other financial information included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus has been  and presents fairly in all material respects the information shown thereby;

 

(xviii)                             The Company and its directors and officers, in their capacities as such, have taken all necessary actions to ensure that, upon the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, the Company will be in compliance with all applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations promulgated in connection therewith (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) that the Company is required to comply with as of the effectiveness of the Registration Statement;

 

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(xix)                                   The Company maintains a system of internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that complies with the requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to the Company and has been designed by the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or under their supervision, to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences.  The Company is not aware of any material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting (it being understood that this subsection shall not require the Company to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act as of an earlier date than it would otherwise be required to so comply under applicable law);

 

(xx)                                      Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included in the Pricing Prospectus, there has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially and adversely affected, or is reasonably likely to materially and adversely affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting;

 

(xxi)                                   The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that comply with the requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to the Company; such disclosure controls and procedures have been designed to ensure that material information relating to the Company and its subsidiaries is made known to the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer by others within those entities; and such disclosure controls and procedures are effective;

 

(xxii)                                This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company;

 

(xxiii)                             The Company and its subsidiaries own, or have the right to use pursuant to license, sublicense, agreement or permission, or, to their knowledge, can acquire on commercially reasonable terms, the patents, trademarks, service marks, patent applications, trade names, copyrights, trade secrets, domain names, information, know-how, proprietary rights and processes (collectively, “Intellectual Property”) necessary to conduct the business of the Company and its subsidiaries as described in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus (the “Company Intellectual Property”), except as set forth in any of the Registration Statement, Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus or where the failure to have any of the foregoing would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole; except as set forth in any of the Registration Statement, Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any written notice, or otherwise has any knowledge, of any infringement of, or conflict with asserted rights of others with respect to any Intellectual Property that would render any Company Intellectual Property invalid, unenforceable or inadequate to protect the interest of the Company and any of its subsidiaries therein, except as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; the Company and its subsidiaries have taken reasonable steps necessary to secure interests in the Company Intellectual Property developed by their employees, consultants, agents and contractors in the course of their service to the Company, and have taken all

 

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reasonable steps necessary to secure assignment of such Intellectual Property from their employees and contractors; except as set forth in any of the Registration Statement, Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, to the Company’s knowledge, there has not been any material infringement by any third party of any Company Intellectual Property; there are no outstanding options, licenses or agreements of any kind relating to the Company Intellectual Property that are required to be set forth in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus and are not so described; except as set forth in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is a party to or bound by any options, licenses or agreements with respect to the Intellectual Property of any other person or entity that are required to be set forth in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus and are not so described; to the Company’s knowledge, no Company Intellectual Property has been obtained or is being used by the Company or its subsidiaries in violation of any contractual obligation binding on the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of its directors or executive officers or any of its employees or otherwise in violation of the rights of any persons; except as disclosed in any of the Registration Statement, Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any written communications alleging that the Company or any of its subsidiaries has violated, infringed or conflicted with, or, by conducting its business as set forth in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, would violate, infringe or conflict with any of the Intellectual Property of any other person or entity other than any such violations, infringements or conflicts which, individually or in the aggregate, have not had and are not reasonably likely to result in, a Material Adverse Effect; and the Company and its subsidiaries have taken and will maintain commercially reasonable measures to prevent the unauthorized dissemination or publication of their confidential information and, to the extent contractually required to do so, the confidential information of third parties in their possession;

 

(xxiv)                            The Company and its subsidiaries have (A) paid all federal, state, local and foreign taxes required to be paid through the date hereof, except any such taxes being contested in good faith and for which adequate reserves have been established in accordance with GAAP, and (B) filed all tax returns required to be filed through the date hereof, in each case except for those returns for which a request for extension has been filed and except where the failure to pay or file would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and there is no tax deficiency that has been, or would reasonably be expected to be, asserted against the Company or any of its subsidiaries, except where such deficiencies, individually or in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect;

 

(xxv)                               The Company and its subsidiaries possess all licenses, certificates, permits and other authorizations issued by, and have made all declarations and filings with, the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory authorities that are necessary for the ownership or lease of their respective properties or the conduct of their respective businesses as described in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus (the “Permits”) , except where the failure to obtain or possess such Permits or make such declarations and filings would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received written notice of any revocation or modification of any such license, certificate, permit or authorization, except where such revocation or modification would not, individually or in the aggregate, be reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect;

 

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(xxvi)                            No material labor disturbance by or dispute with employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries exists or, to the Company’s knowledge, is threatened, and the Company has not received written notice of any existing or imminent labor disturbance by, or dispute with, the employees of any of the Company’s or any of its subsidiaries’ principal suppliers, manufacturers or contractors;

 

(xxvii)                         Except, as would not, individually or in the aggregate, be reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, (A) each employee benefit plan, within the meaning of Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), for which the Company or any member of its “Controlled Group” (defined as any organization which is a member of a controlled group of corporations within the meaning of Section 414 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”)) would have any liability (each, a “Plan”) has been maintained in compliance with its terms and the requirements of any applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations, including but not limited to, ERISA and the Code; (B) no prohibited transaction, within the meaning of Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, excluding transactions effected pursuant to a statutory or administrative exemption, has occurred with respect to any Plan; (C) neither the Company nor any member of its Controlled Group have ever maintained or contributed to or participated in a Plan that is subject to the funding rules of Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA or a “multiemployer plan” within the meaning of Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA; and (D) to the Company’s knowledge, there is no pending audit or investigation by the Internal Revenue Service, the U.S. Department of Labor or any other governmental agency or any foreign regulatory agency with respect to any Plan;

 

(xxviii)                      the Company and its subsidiaries (A) are, and at all prior times were, in compliance with any and all applicable federal, state, local and foreign laws (including common law), rules, regulations, requirements, decisions, decrees, orders and other legally enforceable requirements relating to the use, management, disposal or release of hazardous or toxic substances or wastes the environment, natural resources or the protection of human or worker health or safety (collectively, “Environmental Laws”), (B) have obtained and are in compliance with all permits, licenses, certificates or other authorizations or approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses as described in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, (C) have not received written notice of any actual or potential liability (including, without limitation, such liability of a third party that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on the Company or any of its subsidiaries) under or relating to, or actual or potential violation of, any Environmental Laws; and (D) do not anticipate material capital expenditures relating to any Environmental Laws, except where such noncompliance, failure to obtain, notice, or material capital expenditure, as the case may be as to clauses (A), (B), (C) and/or (D), would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect;

 

(xxix)                            Except as would not be reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has violated (A) any federal, state or local law or foreign law relating to discrimination in hiring, promotion or pay of employees or (B) any applicable wage or hour laws;

 

(xxx)                               The Company and its subsidiaries have insurance against such losses and in such amounts as are, in the Company’s reasonable judgment, prudent and customary for comparable companies in the same or similar businesses; and neither the Company nor any

 

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of its subsidiaries has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage at reasonable cost from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business;

 

(xxxi)                            None of the Company, any of its subsidiaries, nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee, affiliate or other person associated with or acting on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries has (i) made any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expense relating to political activity; (ii) made any direct or indirect unlawful payment to any foreign or domestic government official or employee from corporate funds; (iii) violated or is in violation of any provision of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, the Bribery Act 2010 of the United Kingdom, any applicable law or regulation implementing the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions or any other applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption law; or (iv) made any bribe, rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful payment, or offered, agreed, requested or promised to make any such payment or taken an act in furtherance of any bribe or other unlawful benefit, including, without limitation, any rebate, payoff, influence, benefit, kickback or other unlawful or improper payment;

 

(xxxii)                         The operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements, including those of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the money laundering statutes of all applicable jurisdictions, the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”) and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened;

 

(xxxiii)                      None of the Company, any of its subsidiaries or, to the knowledge of the Company, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is currently the subject or the target of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. government, including, without limitation, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury (“OFAC”), or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, “Sanctions”), and the Company will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of the offering of the Shares hereunder, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person or entity (i) to fund or facilitate any unlawful activities of or business with any person, or in any country or territory, that, at the time of such funding, is the subject or the target of Sanctions or (ii) in any other manner that will result in a violation by any person (including any person participating in the transaction, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise) of Sanctions;

 

(xxxiv)                     Nothing has come to the attention of the Company that has caused the Company to believe that the statistical and market-related data included in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus is not based on or derived from sources that the Company believes are reliable and accurate in all material respects, and, to the extent required, the Company has obtained the written consent to the use of such data from such sources;

 

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(xxxv)                        There are no persons with registration rights or other similar rights to have any equity or debt securities registered for sale under the Registration Statement or included in the offering contemplated by this Agreement, except for such rights as may be described in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus.  The holders of outstanding shares of the Company’s capital stock are not entitled to preemptive or other rights to subscribe for the Shares that have not been complied with or otherwise effectively waived;

 

(xxxvi)                     The Company has operated its business in a manner compliant in all material respects with all privacy, data security and data protection laws and regulations, all contractual obligations and all Company policies applicable to the Company’s collection, handling, usage, disclosure and storage of all personally identifiable data (“Personal Data”), along with all other data, including without limitation, IP addresses, mobile device identifiers and website usage activity data (“Device and Activity Data”).  The Company has implemented and maintains policies and procedures designed to ensure the integrity, security and confidentiality of all Personal Data and all Device and Activity Data collected, handled used, disclosed and/or stored in connection with the Company’s operation of its business.  The Company has policies and procedures in place designed to ensure privacy, data security and data protection laws are complied with in all material respects and takes reasonable steps which are reasonably designed to assure compliance in all material respects with such policies and procedures.  The Company has not, to its knowledge, experienced any unauthorized access to, or unauthorized disclosure of, Personal Data maintained by the Company that has compromised the privacy and/or security of such Personal Data;

 

(xxxvii)                  The Company has not and, to its knowledge, no one acting on its behalf has, (A) taken, directly or indirectly, any action which is designed to or which has constituted or which would reasonably be expected to cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company or any of its subsidiaries to facilitate the sale or resale of the Shares, (B) sold, bid for, purchased, or paid anyone any compensation for soliciting purchases of, the Shares, or (C) paid or agreed to pay to any person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other securities of the Company other than as contemplated in this Agreement; provided, however, that the Company makes no such representation or warranty with respect to the actions of any Underwriter or affiliate or agent of any Underwriter acting on behalf of such Underwriter;

 

(xxxviii)               Except as described in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, there are no contracts, agreements or understandings between the Company and any person that would give rise to a valid claim against the Company or any Underwriter for a brokerage commission, finder’s fee or other like payment in connection with this offering;

 

(xxxix)                     From the time of initial confidential submission of the Registration Statement to the Commission (or, if earlier, the first date on which a Section 5(d) Communication was made) through the date hereof, the Company has been and is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Act (an “Emerging Growth Company”);

 

(xl)                                          Except as described in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, there are no off-balance sheet arrangements (as defined in Regulation S-K Item 303(a)(4)(ii)) that may have a material current or future effect on the Company’s financial condition, changes in financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources;

 

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(xli)                                       The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under this Agreement and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby;

 

(xlii)                                    The Company has not sold or issued any shares of capital stock during the six month period preceding the date of the Prospectus, including any sales pursuant to Regulation D of the Act, other than (i) shares issued pursuant to employee benefit plans, stock option plans or other employee compensation plans or pursuant to outstanding options, rights or warrants, or (ii) as disclosed in the Pricing Prospectus; and

 

(xliii)                                 The Company has not issued any debt securities that have been or are rated by any “nationally recognized statistical rating organization”, as defined in Section 3(a)(62) of the Exchange Act.

 

(b)                                 Each of the Selling Stockholders, severally and not jointly, represents and warrants to, and agrees with, each of the Underwriters and the Company, with respect to itself only, that:

 

(i)                                                 All consents, approvals, authorizations and orders necessary for the execution and delivery by such Selling Stockholder of this Agreement and the Power of Attorney and the Custody Agreement hereinafter referred to, and for the sale and delivery of the Shares to be sold by such Selling Stockholder hereunder, have been obtained, except for the registration under the Act of the Shares, the approval by FINRA of the underwriting terms and arrangements, such consents, approvals, authorizations, orders, registrations or qualifications as may be required under state securities or Blue Sky laws in connection with the purchase and distribution of the Shares by the Underwriters, and except for such consents, approvals, authorizations, orders, registrations or qualifications as would not reasonably be expected to impair the consummation of such Selling Stockholder’s obligations hereunder and under the Power of Attorney and the Custody Agreement; and such Selling Stockholder has full right, power and authority to enter into this Agreement, the Power of Attorney and the Custody Agreement and, if applicable, subject to the exercise of stock options for which such Selling Stockholder has the right to exercise, to sell, assign, transfer and deliver the Shares to be sold by such Selling Stockholder hereunder;

 

(ii)                                              The sale of the Shares to be sold by such Selling Stockholder hereunder and the compliance by such Selling Stockholder with this Agreement, the Power of Attorney and the Custody Agreement and the consummation of the transactions herein and therein contemplated will not (A) conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement, lease or other agreement or instrument to which such Selling Stockholder is a party or by which such Selling Stockholder is bound or to which any of the property or assets of such Selling Stockholder is subject, (B) result in any violation of the provisions of the certificate of incorporation or by-laws of such Selling Stockholder if such Selling Stockholder is a corporation, the partnership agreement of such Selling Stockholder if such Selling Stockholder is a partnership, or similar governing documents if such Selling Stockholder is another type of entity, or (C) result in a violation of any statute or any order, rule or regulation of any court or governmental agency or body having jurisdiction over such Selling Stockholder or any of its subsidiaries or any property or assets of such Selling Stockholder; except, in the case of (A) and (C), for such conflicts, breaches, violations or defaults that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to adversely affect the ability of such

 

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Selling Stockholder to perform its obligations hereunder and under the Power of Attorney and the Custody Agreement;

 

(iii)                                           Such Selling Stockholder has (except in the case of Shares underlying stock options), and immediately prior to each Time of Delivery (as defined in Section 4 hereof) such Selling Stockholder will have, good and valid title to the Shares to be sold by such Selling Stockholder hereunder at such Time of Delivery, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities or claims, except for any liens, encumbrances, equities or claims under the Custody Agreement; and, upon delivery of such Shares and payment therefor pursuant hereto, good and valid title to such Shares, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities or claims, will pass to the several Underwriters;

 

(iv)                                          On or prior to the date of the Pricing Prospectus, such Selling Stockholder has executed and delivered to the Underwriters an agreement substantially in the form of Annex IV hereto.

 

(v)                                             Such Selling Stockholder has not taken and will not take, directly or indirectly, any action that is designed to or that has constituted or might reasonably be expected to cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Shares;

 

(vi)                                          The only written information provided by such Selling Stockholder consists of the Selling Stockholder Information; to the extent that any statements or omissions made in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto are made in reliance upon and in conformity with the Selling Stockholder Information, such Registration Statement and Preliminary Prospectus did, and the Prospectus and any further amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus will, when they become effective or are filed with the Commission, as the case may be, not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading (in the case of the Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Prospectus, the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto in light of the circumstances under which they were made);

 

(vii)                                       In order to document the Underwriters’ compliance with the reporting and withholding provisions of the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 with respect to the transactions herein contemplated, such Selling Stockholder will deliver to you prior to or at the First Time of Delivery a properly completed and executed U.S. Department of the Treasury Form W-9 (or other applicable form or statement specified by U.S. Department of the Treasury regulations in lieu thereof);

 

(viii)                                    Certificates in negotiable form representing all of the Shares to be sold by such Selling Stockholder hereunder, and to the extent applicable, the stock option agreements relating to options exercisable for the Shares (including, for the avoidance of doubt, the Shares issued upon exercise) have been placed in custody under a Custody Agreement, in the form heretofore furnished to you (the “Custody Agreement”), duly executed and delivered by such Selling Stockholder to Broadridge Investor Communication Solutions, Inc., as custodian (the “Custodian”), and such Selling Stockholder has duly executed and delivered a Power of Attorney, in the form heretofore furnished to you (the “Power of Attorney”), appointing the persons indicated in Schedule II hereto, and each of them, as such Selling

 

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Stockholder’s attorneys-in-fact (the “Attorneys-in-Fact”) with authority to execute and deliver this Agreement on behalf of such Selling Stockholder, to determine the purchase price to be paid by the Underwriters to the Selling Stockholders as provided in Section 2 hereof, to authorize the delivery of the Shares to be sold by such Selling Stockholder hereunder and otherwise to act on behalf of such Selling Stockholder in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Custody Agreement;

 

(ix)                                          The Shares represented by the certificates, and to the extent applicable, the stock option agreements relating to options exercisable for the Shares (including, for the avoidance of doubt, the Shares issued upon exercise) held in custody for such Selling Stockholder under the Custody Agreement are subject to the interests of the Underwriters hereunder; the arrangements made by such Selling Stockholder for such custody, and the appointment by such Selling Stockholder of the Attorneys-in-Fact by the Power of Attorney, are to that extent irrevocable, except in the case of the Custody Agreement, as set forth therein; the obligations of the Selling Stockholders hereunder shall not be terminated by operation of law, whether by the death or incapacity of any individual Selling Stockholder or, in the case of an estate or trust, by the death or incapacity of any executor or trustee or the termination of such estate or trust, or in the case of a partnership, limited liability company or corporation, by the dissolution of such partnership, limited liability company or corporation, or by the occurrence of any other event; if any individual Selling Stockholder or any such executor or trustee should die or become incapacitated, or if any such estate or trust should be terminated, or if any such partnership, limited liability company or corporation should be dissolved, or if any other such event should occur, before the delivery of the Shares to be sold by such Selling Stockholder hereunder, certificates representing the Shares, and to the extent applicable, the stock option agreements relating to options exercisable for the Shares (including, for the avoidance of doubt, the Shares issued upon exercise) to be sold by such Selling Stockholder hereunder shall be delivered by or on behalf of the Selling Stockholders in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement and of the Custody Agreements; and actions taken by the Attorneys-in-Fact pursuant to the Powers of Attorney shall be as valid as if such death, incapacity, termination, dissolution or other event had not occurred, regardless of whether or not the Custodian, the Attorneys-in-Fact, or any of them, shall have received notice of such death, incapacity, termination, dissolution or other event;

 

(x)                                             Such Selling Stockholder is not prompted by any material non-public information concerning the Company or any of its subsidiaries that is not disclosed in the Pricing Disclosure Package to sell its Shares pursuant to this Agreement; and

 

(xi)                                          Each Selling Stockholder represents and warrants that it is not (1) an employee benefit plan subject to Title I of the ERISA, (2) a plan or account subject to Section 4975 of the Code or (3) an entity deemed to hold “plan assets” of any such plan or account under Section 3(42) of ERISA, 29 C.F.R. 2510.3-101, or otherwise.

 

2.                                      Subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, (a) the Company and each of the Selling Stockholders agree, severally and not jointly, to sell to each of the Underwriters, and each of the Underwriters agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase from the Company and each of the Selling Stockholders, at a purchase price per share of $[      ], the number of Firm Shares (to be adjusted by you so as to eliminate fractional shares) determined by multiplying the aggregate number of Firm Shares to be sold by the Company and each of the Selling Stockholders as set forth opposite their respective names in Schedule II hereto by a fraction, the numerator of which is the aggregate

 

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number of Firm Shares to be purchased by such Underwriter as set forth opposite the name of such Underwriter in Schedule I hereto and the denominator of which is the aggregate number of Firm Shares to be purchased by all of the Underwriters from the Company and all of the Selling Stockholders hereunder and (b) in the event and to the extent that the Underwriters shall exercise the election to purchase Optional Shares as provided below, the Company and the Selling Stockholders, as and to the extent indicated in Schedule II hereto agree, severally and not jointly, to sell to each of the Underwriters, and each of the Underwriters agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase from the Company and each of the Selling Stockholders, at the purchase price per share set forth in clause (a) of this Section 2, that portion of the number of Optional Shares as to which such election shall have been exercised (to be adjusted by you so as to eliminate fractional shares) determined by multiplying such number of Optional Shares by a fraction, the numerator of which is the maximum number of Optional Shares which such Underwriter is entitled to purchase as set forth opposite the name of such Underwriter in Schedule I hereto and the denominator of which is the maximum number of Optional Shares that all of the Underwriters are entitled to purchase hereunder.

 

The Company and the Selling Stockholders, as and to the extent indicated in Schedule II hereto, hereby grant, severally and not jointly, to the Underwriters the right to purchase at their election up to [      ] Optional Shares, at the purchase price per share set forth in the paragraph above, for the sole purpose of covering sales of shares in excess of the number of Firm Shares, provided that the purchase price per Optional Share shall be reduced by an amount per share equal to any dividends or distributions declared by the Company and payable on the Firm Shares but not payable on the Optional Shares.  [Any such election to purchase Optional Shares shall be made [in proportion to the maximum number of Optional Shares to be sold by the Company and all Selling Stockholders as set forth in Schedule II hereto] [initially with respect to the Optional Shares to be sold by the Company and then among the Selling Stockholders in proportion to the maximum number of Optional Shares to be sold by each Selling Stockholder as set forth in Schedule II hereto].]  Any such election to purchase Optional Shares may be exercised only by written notice from you to the Company and the Attorneys-in-Fact, given within a period of 30 calendar days after the date of this Agreement and setting forth the aggregate number of Optional Shares to be purchased and the date on which such Optional Shares are to be delivered, as determined by you but in no event earlier than the First Time of Delivery (as defined in Section 4 hereof) or, unless you and the Company and the Attorneys-in-Fact otherwise agree in writing, earlier than two or later than ten business days after the date of such notice.

 

3.                                      Upon the authorization by you of the release of the Firm Shares, the several Underwriters propose to offer the Firm Shares for sale upon the terms and conditions set forth in the Prospectus.

 

4.                                      (a) The Shares to be purchased by each Underwriter hereunder, in definitive form, and in such authorized denominations and registered in such names as Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC may request upon at least forty-eight hours’ prior notice to the Company and the Selling Stockholders shall be delivered by or on behalf of the Company and the Selling Stockholders to Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, through the facilities of the Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), for the account of such Underwriter, against payment by or on behalf of such Underwriter of the purchase price therefor by wire transfer of Federal (same-day) funds to the accounts specified by the Company and the Custodian to Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC at least forty-eight hours in advance.  The Company and the Selling Stockholders will cause the certificates, if any, representing the Shares to be made available for checking and packaging at least twenty-four hours prior to the Time of Delivery (as defined below) with respect thereto at the office of DTC or its designated custodian (the “Designated Office”). The

 

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time and date of such delivery and payment shall be, with respect to the Firm Shares, 9:30 a.m., New York time, on [       ], 2017 or such other time and date as Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, the Company and the Attorneys-in-Fact may agree upon in writing, and, with respect to the Optional Shares, 9:30 a.m., New York time, on the date specified by Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC in each written notice given by Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC of the Underwriters’ election to purchase such Optional Shares, or such other time and date as Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, the Company and the Attorneys-in-Fact may agree upon in writing.  Such time and date for delivery of the Firm Shares is herein called the “First Time of Delivery”, each such time and date for delivery of the Optional Shares, if not the First Time of Delivery, is herein called the “Second Time of Delivery”, and each such time and date for delivery is herein called a “Time of Delivery”.

 

(b)                                 The documents to be delivered at each Time of Delivery by or on behalf of the parties hereto pursuant to Section 8 hereof, including the cross receipt for the Shares and any additional documents requested by the Underwriters pursuant to Section 8(p) hereof will be delivered at the offices of Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP, 60 State Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02109 (the “Closing Location”), and the Shares will be delivered at the Designated Office, all at such Time of Delivery.  A meeting will be held at the Closing Location at [      ] p.m., New York time, on the New York Business Day next preceding such Time of Delivery, at which meeting the final drafts of the documents to be delivered pursuant to the preceding sentence will be available for review by the parties hereto.  For the purposes of this Agreement, “New York Business Day” shall mean each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday which is not a day on which banking institutions in New York are generally authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close.

 

5.                                      The Company agrees with each of the Underwriters:

 

(a)                                 To prepare the Prospectus in a form approved by you and to file such Prospectus pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Act not later than the Commission’s close of business on the second business day following the execution and delivery of this Agreement, or, if applicable, such earlier time as may be required by Rule 430A(a)(3) under the Act; to make no further amendment or any supplement to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus prior to the last Time of Delivery of which you disapprove promptly after reasonable notice thereof; to advise you, promptly after it receives notice thereof, of the time when any amendment to the Registration Statement has been filed or becomes effective or any amendment or supplement to the Prospectus has been filed and to furnish you with copies thereof; to file promptly all materials required to be filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Act; to advise you, promptly after it receives notice thereof, of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus or other prospectus in respect of the Shares, of the suspension of the qualification of the Shares for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, of the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for any such purpose, or of any request by the Commission for the amending or supplementing of the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or for additional information; and, in the event of the issuance of any stop order or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus or other prospectus relating to the Shares or suspending any such qualification, to promptly use its best efforts to obtain the withdrawal of such order;

 

(b)                                 To promptly from time to time to take such action as you may reasonably request to qualify the Shares for offering and sale under the securities laws of such jurisdictions as you may reasonably request and to comply with such laws so as to permit the continuance of sales and dealings therein in such jurisdictions for as long as may be necessary to complete the distribution of

 

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the Shares, provided that in connection therewith the Company shall not be required to qualify as a foreign corporation or to file a general consent to service of process in any jurisdiction or subject itself to taxation in any jurisdiction in which it is not otherwise subject to taxation on the date hereof;

 

(c)                                  Prior to 10:00 a.m., New York time, on the New York Business Day next succeeding the date of this Agreement, or such other time and date as Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC and the Company may agree upon, and from time to time, to furnish the Underwriters with written and electronic copies of the Prospectus in New York City in such quantities as you may reasonably request, and, if the delivery of a prospectus (or in lieu thereof, the notice referred to in Rule 173(a) under the Act) is required at any time prior to the expiration of nine months after the time of issue of the Prospectus in connection with the offering or sale of the Shares and if at such time any event shall have occurred as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made when such Prospectus (or in lieu thereof, the notice referred to in Rule 173(a) under the Act) is delivered, not misleading, or, if for any other reason it shall be necessary during such same period to amend or supplement the Prospectus in order to comply with the Act, to notify you and upon your request to prepare and furnish without charge to each Underwriter and to any dealer (whose names and addresses the Underwriters shall furnish to the Company) in securities as many written and electronic copies as you may from time to time reasonably request of an amended Prospectus or a supplement to the Prospectus which will correct such statement or omission or effect such compliance; and in case any Underwriter is required to deliver a prospectus (or in lieu thereof, the notice referred to in Rule 173(a) under the Act) in connection with sales of any of the Shares at any time nine months or more after the time of issue of the Prospectus, upon your request but at the expense of such Underwriter, to prepare and deliver to such Underwriter as many written and electronic copies as you may request of an amended or supplemented Prospectus complying with Section 10(a)(3) of the Act;

 

(d)                                 To make generally available to its stockholders as soon as practicable (which may be satisfied by filing with the Commission’s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval System (“EDGAR”), but in any event not later than sixteen months after the effective date of the Registration Statement (as defined in Rule 158(c) under the Act), an earnings statement of the Company and its subsidiaries (which need not be audited) complying with Section 11(a) of the Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (including, at the option of the Company, Rule 158);

 

(e)                      (i)                                                 During the period beginning from the date hereof and continuing to and including the date that is one hundred eighty (180) days after the date of the Prospectus (the “Company Lock-Up Period”), not to (A) offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge, grant any option to purchase, make any short sale or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, or file with or confidentially submit to the Commission a registration statement under the Act relating to, any securities of the Company that are substantially similar to the Shares, including but not limited to any options or warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s capital stock or any securities that are convertible into or exchangeable for, or that represent the right to receive, shares of the Company’s capital stock or any such substantially similar securities, or publicly disclose the intention to make any offer, sale, pledge, disposition or filing or (B) enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Company’s capital stock or any such other securities, whether any such transaction described in clause (A) or (B) above is to be settled by delivery of shares of the Company’s capital stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise, without the prior written consent of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC; provided, however, that the foregoing restrictions shall not apply to (I) Shares to be sold hereunder (II) the issuance by the Company of

 

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shares of the Company’s capital stock upon the exercise of an option, the settlement of restricted stock units or the conversion or exchange of convertible or exchangeable securities outstanding as of the date of this Agreement and described in the Pricing Prospectus, (III) the issuance by the Company of shares of the Company’s capital stock or securities convertible into, exchangeable for or that represent the right to receive shares of the Company’s capital stock, in each case pursuant to the Company’s equity compensation plans outstanding as of the date of this Agreement and described in the Pricing Prospectus; (IV) the issuance by the Company of (or the entry into an agreement by the Company with respect to the issuance of) shares of the Company’s capital stock or securities convertible into, exchangeable for or that represent the right to receive shares of the Company’s capital stock in connection with (1) the acquisition by the Company or any of its subsidiaries of the securities, business, technology, property or other assets of another person or entity or pursuant to an employee benefit plan assumed by the Company in connection with such acquisition or (2) any joint venture, collaboration, commercial relationship or other strategic transaction of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, and the issuance of any such securities pursuant to any agreement to effect any of the foregoing matters specified in clauses (1) or (2), or (V) the filing of any registration statement on Form S-8 relating to (1) securities granted or to be granted pursuant to the Company’s equity plans that are described in the Pricing Prospectus or (2) any assumed employee benefit plan contemplated by clause (IV); provided that the aggregate number of shares of capital stock of the Company that the Company may sell or issue or agree to sell or issue pursuant to clauses (IV) and (V)(2) shall not exceed ten percent (10%) of the total number of shares of capital stock of the Company issued and outstanding immediately following the completion of transactions contemplated by this Agreement; provided, further, that in the case of clauses (II) through (IV), each recipient of such securities shall execute and deliver to the Representatives, on or prior to the issuance of such securities, a lock-up agreement substantially to the effect set forth in Annex IV hereto;

 

(ii)                                              If Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, in its sole discretion, agrees to release or waive the restrictions in lock-up agreements pursuant to Section 1(b)(iv) or Section 8(k) hereof, in each case for an officer or director of the Company, and provides the Company with notice of the impending release or waiver at least three business days before the effective date of the release or waiver, the Company agrees to announce the impending release or waiver by a press release substantially in the form of Annex III hereto through a major news service at least two business days before the effective date of the release or waiver;

 

(f)                                   During a period of three years from the effective date of the Registration Statement, so long as the Company is subject to the reporting requirements of either Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act, to furnish to its stockholders as soon as practicable after the end of each fiscal year an annual report (including a balance sheet and statements of income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries certified by independent public accountants) and, as soon as practicable after the end of each of the first three quarters of each fiscal year (beginning with the fiscal quarter ending after the effective date of the Registration Statement), to make available to its stockholders consolidated summary financial information of the Company and its subsidiaries for such quarter in reasonable detail, provided that no reports, documents or other information need to be furnished pursuant to this Section 5(f) to the extent they are available on EDGAR;

 

(g)                                  During a period of three years from the effective date of the Registration Statement, so long as the Company is subject to the reporting requirements of either Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act, to furnish to you copies of all reports or other communications (financial or other) furnished to stockholders, and to deliver to you (i) as soon as they are available, copies of any reports

 

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and financial statements furnished to or filed with the Commission or any national securities exchange on which any class of securities of the Company is listed; and (ii) such additional information concerning the business and financial condition of the Company as you may from time to time reasonably request (such financial statements to be on a consolidated basis to the extent the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries are consolidated in reports furnished to its stockholders generally or to the Commission); provided that no reports, statements, communications, or other information need to be furnished pursuant to this Section 5(g) to the extent they are available on EDGAR or the investor section of the Company’s website, and provided further that no additional information shall be required if the disclosure of such additional information would result in a violation of Regulation FD;

 

(h)                                 To use the net proceeds received by it from the sale of the Shares pursuant to this Agreement in the manner specified in the Pricing Prospectus under the caption “Use of Proceeds”;

 

(i)                                     To use its best efforts to list for trading, subject to official notice of issuance, the Shares on the Exchange;

 

(j)                                    To file with the Commission such information on Form 10-Q or Form 10-K as may be required by Rule 463 under the Act;

 

(k)                                 If the Company elects to rely upon Rule 462(b), to file a Rule 462(b) Registration Statement with the Commission in compliance with Rule 462(b) by 10:00 p.m., Washington, D.C. time, on the date of this Agreement, and at the time of filing either pay to the Commission the filing fee for the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement or give irrevocable instructions for the payment of such fee pursuant to Rule 3a(c) of the Commission’s Informal and Other Procedures (17 CFR 202.3a);

 

(l)                                     Upon reasonable request of any Underwriter, to furnish, or cause to be furnished, to such Underwriter an electronic version of the Company’s trademarks, servicemarks and corporate logo for use on the website, if any, operated by such Underwriter for the purpose of facilitating the on-line offering of the Shares (the “License”); provided, however, that the License shall be used solely for the purpose described above, is granted without any fee and may not be assigned or transferred; and

 

(m)                             To promptly notify Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC and Allen & Company LLC if the Company ceases to be an Emerging Growth Company at any time prior to the later of (i) completion of the distribution of the Shares within the meaning of the Act and (ii) completion of the Company Lock-Up Period.

 

6.                                      (a)                                 The Company represents and agrees that, without the prior consent of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Shares that would constitute a “free writing prospectus” as defined in Rule 405 under the Act; each Selling Stockholder represents and agrees that, without the prior consent of the Company and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Shares that would constitute a free writing prospectus; and each Underwriter represents and agrees that, without the prior consent of the Company and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Shares that would constitute a free writing prospectus required to be filed with the Commission; any such free writing prospectus the use of which has been consented to by the Company and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC is listed on Schedule III(a) hereto;

 

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(b)                                 The Company represents and agrees that (i) it has not engaged in, or authorized any other person to engage in, any Section 5(d) Communications, other than Section 5(d) Communications with the prior consent of the Representatives with entities that are qualified institutional buyers as defined in Rule 144A under the Act or institutions that are accredited investors as defined in Rule 501(a) under the Act; and (ii) it has not distributed, or authorized any other person to distribute, any Section 5(d) Writings, other than those distributed with the prior consent of the Representatives that are listed on Schedule III(b) hereto; and the Company reconfirms that the Underwriters have been authorized to act on its behalf in engaging in Section 5(d) Communications;

 

(c)                                  The Company has complied and will comply with the requirements of Rule 433 under the Act applicable to any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, including timely filing with the Commission or retention where required and legending; and the Company represents that it has satisfied and agrees that it will satisfy the conditions under Rule 433 under the Act to avoid a requirement to file with the Commission any electronic road show;

 

(d)                                 Each Underwriter represents and agrees that any Section 5(d) Communications undertaken by it were with entities that are qualified institutional buyers as defined in Rule 144A under the Act or institutions that are accredited investors as defined in Rule 501(a) under the Act; and

 

(e)                                  The Company agrees that if at any time following issuance of an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or Section 5(d) Writing, any event occurred or occurs as a result of which such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or Section 5(d) Writing prepared or authorized by it would conflict with the information in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus or would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances then prevailing, not misleading, the Company will give prompt notice thereof to Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC and, if requested by Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, will prepare and furnish without charge to each Underwriter an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or Section 5(d) Writing or other document which will correct such conflict, statement or omission; provided, however, that this covenant shall not apply to any statements or omissions in an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or Section 5(d) Writing prepared or authorized by the Company made in reliance upon and in conformity with Underwriter Information or Selling Stockholder Information.

 

7.                                      The Company covenants and agrees with the Selling Stockholders and with the several Underwriters that (a) the Company will pay or cause to be paid the following: (i) the fees, disbursements and expenses of the Company’s counsel and accountants, and the reasonable and documented fees and disbursements of one special counsel for the Selling Stockholders (not to exceed $50,000), in connection with the registration of the Shares under the Act and all other expenses in connection with the preparation, printing, reproduction and filing of the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus and the Prospectus and amendments and supplements thereto and the mailing and delivering of copies thereof to the Underwriters and dealers; (ii) the cost of printing or producing any Agreement among Underwriters, this Agreement, the Blue Sky Memorandum, closing documents (including any compilations thereof) and any other documents in connection with the offering, purchase, sale and delivery of the Shares; (iii) all expenses in connection with the qualification of the Shares for offering and sale under state securities laws as provided in Section 5(b) hereof, including the reasonable and documented fees and disbursements of counsel for the Underwriters (not to exceed $5,000) in connection with such qualification and in connection with the Blue Sky survey; (iv) all fees and expenses in connection with listing the Shares on the Exchange; and (v) the filing fees incident to, and the fees and disbursements of counsel for the Underwriters (including the fees and expenses of the QIU) in connection with, any

 

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required review by FINRA of the terms of the sale of the Shares (such fees and disbursements of counsel not to exceed $30,000, in the aggregate); and (b) the Company will pay or cause to be paid: (i) the cost of preparing stock certificates, if applicable; (ii) the cost and charges of any transfer agent or registrar, (iii) the fees and expenses of the Attorneys-in-Fact and the Custodian and (iv) all other costs and expenses incident to the performance of its obligations hereunder which are not otherwise specifically provided for in this Section; provided that, in connection with the “road show” undertaken in connection with the marketing of the Shares, (A) the Company and the Underwriters will each bear 50% of the costs associated with any chartered aircraft used, and (B) the Company and the Underwriters will each pay their own costs associated with hotel accommodations.  Each Selling Stockholder will pay or cause to be paid all costs and expenses incident to the performance of such Selling Stockholder’s obligations hereunder which are not otherwise specifically provided for in this Section, including (i) any fees and expenses of counsel for such Selling Stockholder, except as contemplated above, (ii) all expenses and taxes incident to the sale and delivery of the Shares to be sold by such Selling Stockholder to the Underwriters hereunder and (iii) the underwriting discount and commission associated with the Shares to be sold by such Selling Stockholder hereunder shall be deducted from such Selling Stockholder’s proceeds from the sale of such Shares.  In connection with clause (c)(ii) of the preceding sentence, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC agrees to pay New York State stock transfer tax, and the Selling Stockholder agrees to reimburse Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC for associated carrying costs if such tax payment is not rebated on the day of payment and for any portion of such tax payment not rebated. It is understood, however, that, except as provided in this Section, and Sections 9, 11 and 13 hereof, the Underwriters will pay all of their own costs and expenses, including the fees of their counsel, stock transfer taxes on resale of any of the Shares by them, and any advertising expenses connected with any offers they may make.

 

8.                                      The obligations of the Underwriters hereunder, as to the Shares to be delivered at each Time of Delivery, shall be subject, in their discretion, to the condition that all representations and warranties and other statements of the Company and the Selling Stockholders herein are, at and as of such Time of Delivery, true and correct, the condition that the Company and the Selling Stockholders shall have performed all of its and their obligations hereunder theretofore to be performed, and the following additional conditions:

 

(a)                                 The Prospectus shall have been filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Act within the applicable time period prescribed for such filing by the rules and regulations under the Act and in accordance with Section 5(a) hereof; all material required to be filed by the Company pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Act shall have been filed with the Commission within the applicable time period prescribed for such filing by Rule 433; if the Company has elected to rely upon Rule 462(b) under the Act, the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement shall have become effective by 10:00 p.m., Washington, D.C. time, on the date of this Agreement; no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any part thereof shall have been issued and no proceeding for that purpose shall have been initiated or threatened by the Commission no stop order suspending or preventing the use of the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus shall have been initiated or threatened by the Commission; and all requests for additional information on the part of the Commission shall have been complied with to your reasonable satisfaction;

 

(b)                                 Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, shall have furnished to you such written opinion or opinions (a form of such opinion is attached as Annex II(a) hereto), dated such Time of Delivery, in form and substance satisfactory to you, and such counsel shall have received such papers and information as they may reasonably request to enable them to pass upon such matters;

 

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(c)                                  Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, counsel for the Company, shall have furnished to you their written opinion dated such Time of Delivery in the form attached as Annex II(b)(i) hereto;

 

(d)                                 Richards, Layton & Finger, P.A., counsel for the Company, shall have furnished to you their written opinion, dated such Time of Delivery, in the form attached as Annex II(b)(ii) hereto;

 

(e)                                  Cooley LLP, counsel for the Selling Stockholders, shall have furnished to you their written opinion, dated such Time of Delivery, in the form attached as Annex II(c) hereto;

 

(f)                                   On the date of the Prospectus and on the date of this Agreement, on the effective date of any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement filed subsequent to the date of this Agreement and also at each Time of Delivery, Ernst & Young LLP shall have furnished to you a letter or letters, dated the respective dates of delivery thereof, in form and substance satisfactory to you, to the effect set forth in Annex I hereto (the executed copy of the letter delivered prior to the execution of this Agreement is attached as Annex I(a) hereto and a form of the letter to be delivered on the effective date of any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement and as of each Time of Delivery is attached as Annex I(b) hereto);

 

(g)                                  (i) Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries shall have sustained since the date of the latest audited financial statements included in the Pricing Prospectus any loss or interference with its business from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor dispute or court or governmental action, order or decree, otherwise than as set forth or contemplated in the Pricing Prospectus, and (ii) since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Pricing Prospectus there shall not have been any change in the capital stock (other than (A) the issuance or grant of securities pursuant to the Company’s equity compensation plans or pursuant to outstanding options, restricted stock units, or rights outstanding as of the date of this Agreement and described in the Pricing Prospectus, (B) the repurchase of shares of capital stock pursuant to agreements providing for an option to repurchase or a right of first refusal on behalf of the Company, or (C) the issuance of shares of common stock upon conversion of preferred stock of the Company, in each case as such (1) equity compensation plans, (2) outstanding options, warrants or rights, (3) agreements, and (4) preferred stock are described in the Pricing Prospectus) or long-term debt of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any change, or any development involving a prospective change, in or affecting the general affairs, business, properties, management, financial position, stockholders’ equity or results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, otherwise than as set forth or contemplated in the Pricing Prospectus, the effect of which, in any such case described in clause (i) or (ii), is in your judgment so material and adverse as to make it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the public offering or the delivery of the Shares being delivered at such Time of Delivery on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus;

 

(h)                                 On or after the Applicable Time there shall not have occurred any of the following: (i) a suspension or material limitation in trading in securities generally on the Exchange; (ii) a suspension or material limitation in trading in the Company’s securities on the Exchange; (iii) a general moratorium on commercial banking activities declared by either Federal, New York State or Massachusetts Commonwealth authorities or a material disruption in commercial banking or securities settlement or clearance services in the United States; (iv) the outbreak or escalation of hostilities involving the United States or the declaration by the United States of a national emergency or war or (v) the occurrence of any other calamity or crisis or any change in financial, political or economic conditions in the United States or elsewhere, if the effect of any such event specified in

 

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clause (iv) or (v) in your judgment makes it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the public offering or the delivery of the Shares being delivered at such Time of Delivery on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus;

 

(i)                                     The Shares to be sold at such Time of Delivery shall have been duly listed for trading, subject to official notice of issuance, on the Exchange;

 

(j)                                    FINRA shall have confirmed that it has not raised any objection with respect to the fairness and reasonableness of the underwriting terms and arrangements relating to the offering of the Shares;

 

(k)                                 The Company shall have obtained and delivered to the Underwriters executed copies of an agreement from each stockholder of the Company listed on Schedule IV hereto, substantially to the effect set forth in Annex IV hereto in form and substance satisfactory to you;

 

(l)                                     The Company shall have complied with the provisions of Section 5(c) hereof with respect to the furnishing of prospectuses on the New York Business Day next succeeding the date of this Agreement;

 

(m)                             The Company and the Selling Stockholders shall have furnished or caused to be furnished to you at such Time of Delivery certificates of officers of the Company and of the Selling Stockholders, respectively, satisfactory to you as to the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Company and the Selling Stockholders, respectively, herein at and as of such Time of Delivery, as to the performance by the Company and the Selling Stockholders of all of their respective obligations hereunder to be performed at or prior to such Time of Delivery, as to such other matters as you may reasonably request, and the Company shall have furnished or caused to be furnished certificates as to the matters set forth in subsections (a) and (g) of this Section 8;

 

(n)                                 At each Time of Delivery, the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, in his capacity as such, shall have furnished to the Representatives a certificate in a form agreed by the Representatives and the Company and dated the respective date of delivery thereof, certifying that certain factual statements in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus, the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto, are true and correct on and at such Time of Delivery with the same effect as if made on such Time of Delivery;

 

(o)                                 At each Time of Delivery, the Representatives shall have received a certificate of the Secretary of the Company, as to such matters as the Representatives may reasonably request; and

 

(p)                                 At each Time of Delivery, the Company and the Selling Stockholders shall have furnished to the Representatives such additional information, certificates, opinions or documents as the Representatives may reasonably request.

 

9.                                      (a)                                 The Company will indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities, joint or several, to which such Underwriter may become subject, under the Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any “road show” as defined in Rule 433(h) under the Act, any “issuer information” filed or required to be

 

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filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Act, or any Section 5(d) Writing prepared or authorized by the Company, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and will reimburse each Underwriter for any documented legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such Underwriter in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim as such expenses are incurred; provided, however, that the Company shall not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage or liability arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Prospectus, the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or any Section 5(d) Writing, in reliance upon and in conformity with Underwriter Information.

 

(b)                                 Each of the Selling Stockholders, severally and not jointly, will indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities, joint or several, to which such Underwriter may become subject, under the Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or any Section 5(d) Writing, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, in each case to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any Section 5(d) Writing in reliance upon and in conformity with such Selling Stockholder’s Selling Stockholder Information; and will reimburse each Underwriter for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such Underwriter in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim as such expenses are incurred; provided, however, that such Selling Stockholder shall not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage or liability arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or any Section 5(d) Writing, in reliance upon and in conformity with Underwriter Information.  Each Selling Stockholder’s liability under this subsection (b) shall not exceed the proceeds (net of any underwriting discounts and commissions but before deducting expenses) received by such Selling Stockholder from the sale of the Shares sold by such Selling Stockholder hereunder (the “Selling Stockholder Proceeds”) less any amounts that such Selling Stockholder is obligated to pay under subsection (f) below.

 

(c)                                  The Company will indemnify and hold harmless each Selling Stockholder against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities, joint or several, to which such Selling Stockholder may become subject, under the Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any “road show” as defined in Rule 433(h) under the Act, any “issuer information” filed or required to be filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Act, or any Section 5(d) Writing prepared or authorized by the Company, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein

 

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not misleading, and will reimburse each Selling Stockholder for any documented legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such Selling Stockholder in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim as such expenses are incurred; provided, however, that the Company shall not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage or liability arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Prospectus, the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or any Section 5(d) Writing, in reliance upon and in conformity with the Selling Stockholder Information.

 

(d)                                 Each of the Selling Stockholders, severally and not jointly, will indemnify and hold harmless the Company against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities, joint or several, to which the Company may become subject, under the Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or any Section 5(d) Writing, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, in each case to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any Section 5(d) Writing in reliance upon and in conformity with such Selling Stockholder’s Selling Stockholder Information; and will reimburse the Company for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by the Company in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim as such expenses are incurred; provided, however, that such Selling Stockholder shall not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage or liability arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or any Section 5(d) Writing, in reliance upon and in conformity with Underwriter Information.  Each Selling Stockholder’s liability under this subsection (c) shall not exceed the Selling Stockholder Proceeds less any amounts that such Selling Stockholder is obligated to pay under subsection (f) below.

 

(e)                                  Each Underwriter will indemnify and hold harmless the Company and each Selling Stockholder against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which the Company or such Selling Stockholder may become subject, under the Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or any Section 5(d) Writing, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, in each case to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or any Section 5(d) Writing, in reliance upon and in conformity with Underwriter Information; and will reimburse the Company and each Selling Stockholder for any legal or other

 

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expenses reasonably incurred by the Company or such Selling Stockholder in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim as such expenses are incurred.

 

(f)                                   Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under subsection (a), (b), (c), (d) or (e) of this Section 9 of notice of the commencement of any action, such indemnified party shall, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against the indemnifying party under such subsection, notify the indemnifying party in writing of the commencement thereof; but the omission so to notify the indemnifying party shall not relieve it from any liability which it may have to any indemnified party otherwise than under such subsection.  In case any such action shall be brought against any indemnified party and it shall notify the indemnifying party of the commencement thereof, the indemnifying party shall be entitled to participate therein and, to the extent that it shall wish, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense thereof, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to such indemnified party (who shall not, except with the consent of the indemnified party, be counsel to the indemnifying party), and, after notice from the indemnifying party to such indemnified party of its election so to assume the defense thereof, the indemnifying party shall not be liable to such indemnified party under such subsection for any legal expenses of other counsel or any other expenses, in each case subsequently incurred by such indemnified party, in connection with the defense thereof other than reasonable costs of investigation.  No indemnifying party shall, without the written consent of the indemnified party, effect the settlement or compromise of, or consent to the entry of any judgment with respect to, any pending or threatened action or claim in respect of which indemnification or contribution may be sought hereunder (whether or not the indemnified party is an actual or potential party to such action or claim) unless such settlement, compromise or judgment (i) includes an unconditional release of the indemnified party from all liability arising out of such action or claim and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act, by or on behalf of any indemnified party.

 

(g)                                  If the indemnification provided for in this Section 9 is unavailable to or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party under subsection (a), (b), (c), (d) or (e) above in respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) referred to therein, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company and the Selling Stockholders on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other from the offering of the Shares.  If, however, the allocation provided by the immediately preceding sentence is not permitted by applicable law or if the indemnified party failed to give the notice required under subsection (f) above, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to such amount paid or payable by such indemnified party in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only such relative benefits but also the relative fault of the Company and the Selling Stockholders on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other in connection with the statements or omissions which resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof), as well as any other relevant equitable considerations.  The relative benefits received by the Company and the Selling Stockholders on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total net proceeds from the offering (before deducting expenses) received by the Company and the Selling Stockholders bear to the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by the Underwriters, in each case as set forth in the table on the cover page of the Prospectus.  The relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or the Selling Stockholders on the one hand or the Underwriters on the other and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such

 

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statement or omission.  The Company, each of the Selling Stockholders and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this subsection (g) were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to above in this subsection (g).  The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) referred to above in this subsection (g) shall be deemed to include any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim.  Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection (g), (i) no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total price at which the Shares underwritten by it and distributed to the public were offered to the public exceeds the amount of any damages which such Underwriter has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission and (ii) no Selling Stockholder shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of such Selling Stockholder’s Selling Stockholder Proceeds less any amounts that such Selling Stockholder is obligated to pay under subsection (b) above.  No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.  The Underwriters’ obligations in this subsection (g) to contribute are several in proportion to their respective underwriting obligations and not joint.

 

(h)                                 The obligations of the Company and the Selling Stockholders under this Section 9 shall be in addition to any liability which the Company and the Selling Stockholders may otherwise have and shall extend, upon the same terms and conditions, to each officer and director of each Underwriter and each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of the Act and each broker-dealer affiliate of any Underwriter; and the obligations of the Underwriters under this Section 9 shall be in addition to any liability which the respective Underwriters may otherwise have and shall extend, upon the same terms and conditions, to each officer and director of the Company (including any person who, with his or her consent, is named in the Registration Statement as about to become a director of the Company) and the Selling Stockholders and to each person, if any, who controls the Company or any Selling Stockholder within the meaning of the Act.

 

10.                               (a)                                 If any Underwriter shall default in its obligation to purchase the Shares that it has agreed to purchase hereunder at a Time of Delivery, you may in your discretion arrange for you or another party or other parties to purchase such Shares on the terms contained herein.  If within thirty-six hours after such default by any Underwriter you do not arrange for the purchase of such Shares, then the Company and the Selling Stockholders shall be entitled to a further period of thirty-six hours within which to procure another party or other parties reasonably satisfactory to you to purchase such Shares on such terms.  In the event that, within the respective prescribed periods, you notify the Company and the Selling Stockholders that you have so arranged for the purchase of such Shares, or the Company or a Selling Stockholder notifies you that it has so arranged for the purchase of such Shares, you or the Company or the Selling Stockholders shall have the right to postpone such Time of Delivery for a period of not more than seven days, in order to effect whatever changes may thereby be made necessary in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or in any other documents or arrangements, and the Company agrees to file promptly any amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus which in your opinion may thereby be made necessary.  The term “Underwriter” as used in this Agreement shall include any person substituted under this Section with like effect as if such person had originally been a party to this Agreement with respect to such Shares.

 

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(b)                                 If, after giving effect to any arrangements for the purchase of the Shares of a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters by you, the Company and the Selling Stockholders as provided in subsection (a) above, the aggregate number of such Shares which remains unpurchased does not exceed one-eleventh of the aggregate number of all the Shares to be purchased at such Time of Delivery, then the Company and the Selling Stockholders shall have the right to require each non-defaulting Underwriter to purchase the number of Shares which such Underwriter agreed to purchase hereunder at such Time of Delivery and, in addition, to require each non-defaulting Underwriter to purchase its pro rata share (based on the number of Shares which such Underwriter agreed to purchase hereunder) of the Shares of such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters for which such arrangements have not been made; but nothing herein shall relieve a defaulting Underwriter from liability for its default.

 

(c)                                  If, after giving effect to any arrangements for the purchase of the Shares of a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters by you, the Company and the Selling Stockholders as provided in subsection (a) above, the aggregate number of such Shares which remains unpurchased exceeds one-eleventh of the aggregate number of all of the Shares to be purchased at such Time of Delivery, or if the Company and the Selling Stockholders shall not exercise the right described in subsection (b) above to require non-defaulting Underwriters to purchase Shares of a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters, then this Agreement (or, with respect to a Second Time of Delivery, the obligations of the Underwriters to purchase and of the Company and the Selling Stockholders to sell the Optional Shares) shall thereupon terminate, without liability on the part of any non-defaulting Underwriter, the Company or the Selling Stockholders, except for the expenses to be borne by the Company, the Selling Stockholders and the Underwriters as provided in Section 7 hereof and the indemnity and contribution agreements in Section 9 hereof; but nothing herein shall relieve a defaulting Underwriter from liability for its default.

 

11.                               (a)                                 The Company, in addition to and without limitation of the Company’s obligation to indemnify Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC as an Underwriter, will indemnify and hold harmless the QIU against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities, joint or several, as incurred, as a result of the QIU’s participation as a “qualified independent underwriter” within the meaning of Rule 5121 in connection with the offering contemplated by this Agreement to which the QIU may become subject, under the Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon (i) an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any “road show” as defined in Rule 433(h) under the Act, any “issuer information” filed or required to be filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Act, or any Section 5(d) Writing prepared or authorized by the Company, (ii) the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading or (iii) any act or omission to act or any alleged act or omission to act by the QIU in connection with any transaction contemplated by this Agreement or undertaken in preparing for the purchase, sale and delivery of the Shares, except as to this clause (iii) to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage or liability results from the gross negligence or bad faith of the QIU in performing the services as “qualified independent underwriter”, and will reimburse the QIU for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by the QIU in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim as such expenses are incurred.

 

(b)                                 Each of the Selling Stockholders, in addition to and without limitation of the Selling Stockholders’ obligation to indemnify Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC as an Underwriter, severally and not jointly, will indemnify and hold harmless the QIU against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities,

 

28



 

joint or several, to which the QIU may become subject, under the Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon (i) an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or any Section 5(d) Writing, (ii) the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading or (iii) any act or omission to act or any alleged act or omission to act by the QIU in connection with any transaction contemplated by this Agreement or undertaken in preparing for the purchase, sale and delivery of the Shares, except as to this clause (iii) to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage or liability results from the gross negligence or bad faith of the QIU in performing the services as “qualified independent underwriter”, in each case to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus in reliance upon and in conformity with such Selling Stockholder’s Selling Stockholder Information; and will reimburse the QIU for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by the QIU in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim as such expenses are incurred.

 

(c)                                  Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under subsection (a) or (b) of this Section 11 of notice of the commencement of any action, such indemnified party shall, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against the indemnifying party under such subsection, notify the indemnifying party in writing of the commencement thereof; but the omission so to notify the indemnifying party shall not relieve it from any liability which it may have to any indemnified party otherwise than under such subsection.  In case any such action shall be brought against any indemnified party and it shall notify the indemnifying party of the commencement thereof, the indemnifying party shall be entitled to participate therein and, to the extent that it shall wish, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense thereof, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to such indemnified party (who shall not, except with the consent of the indemnified party, be counsel to the indemnifying party), and, after notice from the indemnifying party to such indemnified party of its election so to assume the defense thereof, the indemnifying party shall not be liable to such indemnified party under such subsection for any legal expenses of other counsel or any other expenses, in each case subsequently incurred by such indemnified party, in connection with the defense thereof other than reasonable costs of investigation.  No indemnifying party shall, without the written consent of the indemnified party, effect the settlement or compromise of, or consent to the entry of any judgment with respect to, any pending or threatened action or claim in respect of which indemnification or contribution may be sought hereunder (whether or not the indemnified party is an actual or potential party to such action or claim) unless such settlement, compromise or judgment (i) includes an unconditional release of the indemnified party from all liability arising out of such action or claim and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act, by or on behalf of any indemnified party.

 

(d)                                 If the indemnification provided for in this Section 11 is unavailable to or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party under subsection (a) or (b) above in respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) referred to therein, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company and the Selling Stockholders on the one hand and the QIU on the other from the offering of the Shares.  If, however, the allocation provided by the

 

29



 

immediately preceding sentence is not permitted by applicable law or if the indemnified party failed to give the notice required under subsection (c) above, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to such amount paid or payable by such indemnified party in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only such relative benefits but also the relative fault of the Company and the Selling Stockholders on the one hand and the QIU on the other in connection with the statements or omissions which resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof), as well as any other relevant equitable considerations.  The relative benefits received by the Company and the Selling Stockholders on the one hand and the QIU on the other shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total net proceeds from the offering (before deducting expenses) received by the Company and the Selling Stockholders as set forth in the table on the cover page of the Prospectus, bear to the fee payable to the QIU for acting in such capacity, if any.  The relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or the Selling Stockholders on the one hand or the QIU on the other and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission.  The Company, each of the Selling Stockholders and the QIU agree that Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC will not receive any additional benefits hereunder for serving as the QIU in connection with the offering and sale of the Shares. The Company, each of the Selling Stockholders, and the QIU agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this subsection (d) were determined by any method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to above in this subsection (d).  The amount paid or payable by the QIU as a result of the losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) referred to above in this subsection (d) shall be deemed to include any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by the QIU in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim.  Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection (d), no Selling Stockholder shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of such Selling Stockholder’s Selling Stockholder Proceeds less any amounts that such Selling Stockholder is obligated to pay under subsection (b) above.  No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.

 

(e)                                  The obligations of the Company and the Selling Stockholders under this Section 11 shall be in addition to any liability which the Company and the Selling Stockholders may otherwise have and shall extend, upon the same terms and conditions, to each person, if any, who controls the QIU within the meaning of the Act and its officers, directors, employees and broker-dealer affiliates.

 

12.                               The respective indemnities, agreements, representations, warranties and other statements of the Company, the Selling Stockholders and the several Underwriters, as set forth in this Agreement or made by or on behalf of them, respectively, pursuant to this Agreement, shall remain in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation (or any statement as to the results thereof) made by or on behalf of any Underwriter or any controlling person of any Underwriter, or the Company, or any of the Selling Stockholders, or any officer or director or controlling person of the Company, or any controlling person of any Selling Stockholder, and shall survive delivery of and payment for the Shares.

 

13.                               If this Agreement shall be terminated pursuant to Section 10 hereof, neither the Company nor the Selling Stockholders shall then be under any liability to any Underwriter except as provided in Sections 7, 9 and 11 hereof; but, if for any other reason any Shares are not delivered by or on behalf of the Company and the Selling Stockholders as provided herein, the Company and each of the Selling Stockholders pro rata (based on the number of Shares to be sold by the Company and

 

30



 

such Selling Stockholder hereunder) will reimburse the Underwriters through you for all out-of-pocket expenses approved in writing by you, including fees and disbursements of counsel, reasonably incurred by the Underwriters in making preparations for the purchase, sale and delivery of the Shares not so delivered, but the Company and the Selling Stockholders shall then be under no further liability to any Underwriter except as provided in Sections 7, 9 and 11 hereof.

 

14.                               In all dealings hereunder, you shall act on behalf of each of the Underwriters, and the parties hereto shall be entitled to act and rely upon any statement, request, notice or agreement on behalf of any Underwriter made or given by you jointly or by Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC on behalf of you as the representatives; and in all dealings with any Selling Stockholder hereunder, you and the Company shall be entitled to act and rely upon any statement, request, notice or agreement on behalf of such Selling Stockholder made or given by any or all of the Attorneys-in-Fact for such Selling Stockholder.

 

In accordance with the requirements of the USA Patriot Act (Title III of Pub. L. 107-56 (signed into law October 26, 2001)), the Underwriters are required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies their respective clients, including the Company and the Selling Stockholders, which information may include the name and address of their respective clients, as well as other information that will allow the Underwriters to properly identify their respective clients.

 

All statements, requests, notices and agreements hereunder shall be in writing, and if to the Underwriters shall be delivered or sent by mail, telex or facsimile transmission to Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, 200 West Street, New York, New York 10282, Attention: Registration Department; if to any Selling Stockholder shall be delivered or sent by mail, telex or facsimile transmission to the Attorneys-in-Fact for the Selling Stockholders at the address set forth in the Custody Agreement; if to the Company shall be delivered or sent by mail, telex or facsimile transmission to the address of the Company set forth on the cover of the Registration Statement, Attention: Chief Financial Officer; and if to any stockholder that has delivered a lock-up letter described in Section 8(k) hereof shall be delivered or sent by mail to his or her respective address provided in Schedule IV hereto or such other address as such stockholder provides in writing to the Company; provided, however, that any notice to an Underwriter pursuant to Section 9(d) hereof shall be delivered or sent by mail, telex or facsimile transmission to such Underwriter at its address set forth in its Underwriters’ Questionnaire or telex constituting such Questionnaire, which address will be supplied to the Company or the Selling Stockholders by you on request; provided further that notices under subsection 5(e) shall be in writing, and if to the Underwriters shall be delivered or sent by mail, telex or facsimile transmission to you as one of the Representatives at Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, 200 West Street, New York, New York 10282, Attention: Registration Department; provided further that notices under Section 11 shall be in writing, and if to the QIU shall be delivered or sent by mail, telex or facsimile transmission to the QIU at Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, 200 West Street, New York, New York 10282, Attention: Control Room.  Any such statements, requests, notices or agreements shall take effect upon receipt thereof.

 

15.                               This Agreement shall be binding upon, and inure solely to the benefit of, the Underwriters, the Company and the Selling Stockholders and, to the extent provided in Sections 9, 11 and 12 hereof, the officers and directors of the Company and each person who controls the Company, any Selling Stockholder or any Underwriter, and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns, and no other person shall acquire or have any right under or by virtue of this Agreement.  No purchaser of any of the Shares from any Underwriter shall be deemed a successor or assign by reason merely of such purchase.

 

31



 

16.                               Time shall be of the essence of this Agreement.  As used herein, the term “business day” shall mean any day when the Commission’s office in Washington, D.C.  is open for business.

 

17.                               The Company and each of the Selling Stockholders, severally and not jointly, acknowledge and agree that (i) the purchase and sale of the Shares pursuant to this Agreement is an arm’s-length commercial transaction between the Company and the Selling Stockholders, on the one hand, and the several Underwriters, on the other, (ii) in connection therewith and with the process leading to such transaction each Underwriter is acting solely as a principal and not the agent or fiduciary of the Company or any Selling Stockholder, (iii) no Underwriter has assumed an advisory or fiduciary responsibility in favor of the Company or any Selling Stockholder with respect to the offering contemplated hereby or the process leading thereto (irrespective of whether such Underwriter has advised or is currently advising the Company or any Selling Stockholder on other matters) or any other obligation to the Company or any Selling Stockholder except the obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement and (iv) the Company and each Selling Stockholder has consulted its own legal and financial advisors to the extent it deemed appropriate.  The Company and each Selling Stockholder agrees that it will not claim that the Underwriters, or any of them, has rendered advisory services of any nature or respect, or owes a fiduciary or similar duty to the Company or any Selling Stockholder, in connection with such transaction or the process leading thereto.

 

18.                               This Agreement supersedes all prior agreements and understandings (whether written or oral) between or among the Company, the Selling Stockholders and the Underwriters, or any of them, with respect to the subject matter hereof.

 

19.                               This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York without regard to principles of conflict of laws that would result in the application of the laws of any other jurisdiction.

 

20.                               The Company, each Selling Stockholder and each of the Underwriters hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.

 

21.                               This Agreement may be executed by any one or more of the parties hereto in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute one and the same instrument.

 

22.                               Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Company and the Selling Stockholders are authorized to disclose to any persons the U.S. federal and state income tax treatment and tax structure of the potential transaction and all materials of any kind (including tax opinions and other tax analyses) provided to the Company and the Selling Stockholders relating to that treatment and structure, without the Underwriters imposing any limitation of any kind. However, any information relating to the tax treatment and tax structure shall remain confidential (and the foregoing sentence shall not apply) to the extent necessary to enable any person to comply with securities laws. For this purpose, “tax structure” is limited to any facts that may be relevant to that treatment.

 

If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding, please sign and return to us [      ] counterparts hereof, and upon the acceptance hereof by you, on behalf of each of the Underwriters,

 

32



 

this letter and such acceptance hereof shall constitute a binding agreement among each of the Underwriters, the Company and each of the Selling Stockholders.  It is understood that your acceptance of this letter on behalf of each of the Underwriters is pursuant to the authority set forth in a form of Agreement among Underwriters, the form of which shall be submitted to the Company and the Selling Stockholders for examination, upon request, but without warranty on your part as to the authority of the signers thereof.

 

[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank.]

 

33


 

Any person executing and delivering this Agreement as Attorney-in-Fact for a Selling Stockholder represents by so doing that he has been duly appointed as Attorney-in-Fact by such Selling Stockholder pursuant to a validly existing and binding Power of Attorney that authorizes such Attorney-in-Fact to take such action.

 

 

Very truly yours,

 

 

 

CarGurus, Inc.

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

[Names of Selling Stockholders]

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

As Attorney-in-Fact acting on behalf of each of the Selling Stockholders named in Schedule II to this Agreement.

 

Accepted as of the date hereof
in New York, New York:

 

Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Allen & Company LLC

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

On behalf of each of the Underwriters

 

 

34



 

SCHEDULE I

 

 

 

 

 

Number of 

 

 

 

 

 

Optional

 

 

 

 

 

Shares to be

 

 

 

Total Number of

 

Purchased if

 

 

 

Firm Shares

 

Maximum Option

 

Underwriter

 

to be Purchased

 

Exercised

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC

 

 

 

 

 

Allen & Company LLC

 

 

 

 

 

RBC Capital Markets, LLC

 

 

 

 

 

JMP Securities LLC

 

 

 

 

 

Raymond James & Associates, Inc.

 

 

 

 

 

William Blair & Company, L.L.C.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

 

 

 

 

 

35



 

SCHEDULE II

 

 

 

 

 

Number of 

 

 

 

 

 

Optional

 

 

 

 

 

Shares to be

 

 

 

Total Number of

 

Sold if

 

 

 

Firm Shares

 

Maximum Option

 

 

 

to be Sold

 

Exercised

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Company

 

 

 

 

 

The Selling Stockholder(s):

 

 

 

 

 

[Name of Selling Stockholder]

 

 

 

 

 

[Name of Selling Stockholder]

 

 

 

 

 

[Name of Selling Stockholder]

 

 

 

 

 

[Name of Selling Stockholder]

 

 

 

 

 

[Name of Selling Stockholder]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

 

 

 

 

 

36



 

SCHEDULE III

 

(a)                                 Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses not included in the Pricing Disclosure Package

 

[Electronic roadshow dated XXXX]

 

(b)                                 Additional documents incorporated by reference (including any Section 5(d) Writings)

 

[None]

 

(c)                                  Information that, together with the Pricing Prospectus, comprises the Pricing Disclosure Package

 

The initial public offering price per share for the Shares is $[     ].

The number of Shares purchased by the Underwriters is [     ].

[Add any other pricing disclosure.]

 



 

SCHEDULE IV

 

Name of Stockholder

 

Address

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

ANNEX I

 

FORM OF COMFORT LETTER

 



 

ANNEX I(a)

 

COPY OF COMFORT LETTER DELIVERED
PRIOR TO EXECUTION OF THIS AGREEMENT

 



 

ANNEX I(b)

 

FORM OF COMFORT LETTER TO BE DELIVERED
AT EACH TIME OF DELIVERY

 



 

ANNEX II(a)

 

FORM OF OPINION OF
COUNSEL FOR THE UNDERWRITERS

 



 

ANNEX II(b)(i)

 

FORM OF OPINION OF
COUNSEL FOR THE COMPANY

 



 

ANNEX II(b)(ii)

 

FORM OF OPINION OF
COUNSEL FOR THE COMPANY

 



 

ANNEX II(c)

 

FORM OF OPINION OF
COUNSEL FOR THE SELLING STOCKHOLDERS

 


 

ANNEX III

 

[FORM OF PRESS RELEASE]

 

CarGurus, Inc.

[Date]

 

CarGurus, Inc. (the “Company”) announced today that Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, the lead book-running manager in the recent public sale of       shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, is [waiving] [releasing] a lock-up restriction with respect to     shares of the Company’s Class A common stock held by [certain officers or directors] [an officer or director] of the Company.   The [waiver] [release] will take effect on      , 2017, and the shares may be sold on or after such date.

 

This press release is not an offer for sale of the securities in the United States or in any other jurisdiction where such offer is prohibited, and such securities may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an exemption from registration under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 



 

ANNEX IV

 

CarGurus, Inc.

 

Lock-Up Agreement

 

                        , 2017

 

Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC

Allen & Company LLC

c/o Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC

200 West Street

New York, NY  10282-2198

 

Re:  CarGurus, Inc. - Lock-Up Agreement

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

The undersigned understands that you, as representatives (the “Representatives”), propose to enter into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) on behalf of the several Underwriters named in Schedule I to such agreement (collectively, the “Underwriters”), with CarGurus, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), providing for a public offering (the “Offering”) of shares (the “Shares”) of the Company’s Class A common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Class A Common Stock”), pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (the “Registration Statement”) to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

 

In consideration of the agreement by the Underwriters to offer and sell the Shares, and of other good and valuable consideration the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the undersigned agrees that, during the period (the “Lock-Up Period”) beginning from the date of this Lock-Up Agreement and continuing to and including the date 180 days after the date set forth on the final prospectus used to sell the Shares, the undersigned will not offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge, grant any option to purchase, make any short sale or otherwise dispose of any shares of Class A Common Stock or Class B common stock, $0.001 par value per share of the Company (the “Class B Common Stock” and, together with the Class A Common Stock, the “Common Stock”), or any options or warrants to purchase any shares of Common Stock, or any securities convertible into, exchangeable for or that represent the right to receive shares of Common Stock, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, owned directly by the undersigned (including, without limitation, holding as a custodian) or with respect to which the undersigned has beneficial ownership within the rules and regulations of the SEC (collectively the “Undersigned’s Shares”). The foregoing restriction is expressly agreed to preclude the undersigned from engaging in any hedging or other transaction which is designed to or which reasonably could be expected to lead to or result in a transfer of the Undersigned’s Shares even if such Shares would be transferred by someone other than the undersigned. Such prohibited hedging or other transactions would include without limitation any short sale or any purchase, sale or grant of any right (including without limitation any put or call option) with respect to any of the Undersigned’s Shares or with respect to any security that includes, relates to, or derives any significant part of its value from such Shares.  If the undersigned is an officer or director of the

 



 

Company, the undersigned further agrees that the foregoing provisions shall be equally applicable to any Company-directed Shares the undersigned may purchase in the Offering.

 

If the undersigned is an officer or director of the Company, (i) Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC agrees that, at least three business days before the effective date of any release or waiver of the foregoing restrictions in connection with a transfer of shares of Common Stock, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC will notify the Company of the impending release or waiver, and (ii) the Company has agreed in the Underwriting Agreement to announce the impending release or waiver by press release through a major news service at least two business days before the effective date of the release or waiver.  Any release or waiver granted by Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC hereunder to any such officer or director shall only be effective two business days after the publication date of such press release.  The provisions of this paragraph will not apply if (a) the release or waiver is effected solely to permit a transfer not for consideration and (b) the transferee has agreed in writing to be bound by the same terms described in this Lock-Up Agreement to the extent and for the duration that such terms remain in effect at the time of the transfer.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the undersigned may transfer the Undersigned’s Shares (i) as a bona fide gift or gifts; (ii) by will or intestacy; (iii) to any trust, partnership, limited liability company or other entity for the direct or indirect benefit of the undersigned or the immediate family of the undersigned; (iv) to any immediate family member or other dependent; (v) to limited partners, members or stockholders of the undersigned as a distribution; (vi) to the undersigned’s affiliates or to any investment fund or other entity controlled or managed by the undersigned; (vii) to a nominee or custodian of a person or entity to whom a transfer would be permissible under clauses (i) through (vi) above; (viii) pursuant to a court order, judicially approved settlement, or other domestic judicial order; (ix) from an employee to the Company or its parent entities pursuant to a contractual arrangement in effect on the date of this Lock-Up Agreement which (A) provides for the repurchase of the Undersigned’s Shares by the Company or its parent entities upon the undersigned’s death or disability or the termination of the undersigned’s employment and (B) such contractual arrangement is disclosed in the prospectus used to sell the Shares; [(x) if the undersigned is an entity advised by an investment adviser (an “Institutional Client”), pursuant to a merger or reorganization with or into another Institutional Client that shares the same investment adviser; (xi)] (x) to the extent such shares of Common Stock were acquired by the Undersigned [in the Offering or] in open market transactions after the completion of the Offering; or (xi) with the prior written consent of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC on behalf of the Underwriters; provided that, in the case of each transfer pursuant to clauses (i) through (vii) and clauses (ix) and (x) above, (a) each transferee agrees to be bound in writing by the restrictions set forth herein, (b) any such transfer shall not involve a transfer for value, [except in the case of transfers to trusts pursuant to (iii) above in this paragraph and] [provided further that, in the case of each transfer pursuant to clauses (i) through (vii) and clauses (ix) through (xi) above,] (c) no public announcement, filing, or report [of such transfer] (including without limitation filings under Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) shall be required or shall be voluntarily made during the Lock-Up Period.  For purposes of this Lock-Up Agreement, “immediate family” shall mean any relationship by blood, current or former marriage or adoption, not more remote than first cousin.

 

In addition, notwithstanding the foregoing, if the undersigned is a corporation, the corporation may transfer the capital stock of the Company to any wholly-owned subsidiary of such corporation; provided, however, that in any such case, it shall be a condition to the transfer that the transferee execute an agreement stating that the transferee is receiving and holding such capital stock subject to the provisions of this Lock-Up Agreement and there shall be no further transfer of such capital stock except in accordance with this Lock-Up Agreement, and provided

 

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further that any such transfer shall not involve a disposition for value.  The undersigned now has, and, except as contemplated by clauses (i) through (xi) above, for the duration of this Lock-Up Agreement will have, good and marketable title to the Undersigned’s Shares, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, and claims whatsoever.  The undersigned also agrees and consents to the entry of stop transfer instructions with the Company’s transfer agent and registrar against the transfer of the Undersigned’s Shares except in compliance with the foregoing restrictions.

 

The restrictions described in this Lock-Up Agreement shall not apply to (i) the sale of the Undersigned’s Shares to the Underwriters pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement or (ii) the establishment of a trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act, provided that (A) no public announcement, filing or report regarding the establishment of such plan shall be required during the Lock-Up Period, (B) the undersigned does not otherwise voluntarily effect any public announcement, filing or report regarding the establishment of such plan during the Lock-Up Period and (C) no transfers occur under such plan during the Lock-Up Period (other than a transfer to a broker or other nominee in connection with the establishment of such plan, provided that beneficial ownership is retained by the undersigned during the Lock-Up Period).  No provision of this Lock-Up Agreement shall restrict or prohibit the exercise, exchange or conversion by the undersigned of any option or warrant to acquire shares of Common Stock, or any other security convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of Common Stock; provided that (a) any shares of Common Stock and any of such other securities acquired in connection with any such exercise, exchange or conversion will be subject to the restrictions provided for in this Lock-Up Agreement and (b) no public announcement, filing or report (including without limitation filings under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act) reporting a reduction in beneficial ownership of Common Stock shall be required or shall be voluntarily made during the Lock-Up Period.

 

[If any record or beneficial owner of any securities of the Company is granted an early release from the restrictions contained in any lock-up agreement with the Representatives which contains restrictions substantially similar to those contained in this Lock-Up Agreement (each, an “Other Lock-Up Agreement”) during the Lock-Up Period with respect to any securities of the Company, then Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC on behalf of the Underwriters shall simultaneously release a pro rata portion of the shares of Common Stock subject to this Lock-Up Agreement to the same extent (such that the percentage of shares released from this Lock-Up Agreement is the same as the percentage of shares released from each Other Lock-Up Agreement); provided, however, that in the case of an early release from the restrictions described herein during the Lock-Up Period in connection with an underwritten public offering, whether or not such offering or sale is wholly or partially a secondary offering of the Common Stock (an “Underwritten Sale”), such early release shall only apply with respect to the undersigned’s participation in such Underwritten Sale.  [Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC shall use reasonable efforts to promptly notify the Company of each such release (provided that the failure to provide such notice shall not give rise to any claim or liability against the Representatives or the Underwriters).  The undersigned further acknowledges that the Representatives are under no obligation to inquire into whether, or to ensure that, the Company notifies the undersigned of the delivery by the Representatives on behalf of the Underwriters of any such notice, which is a matter between the undersigned and the Company.] The provisions of this paragraph will not apply if (i)(a) the release or waiver is effected solely to permit a transfer not for consideration and (b) the transferee has agreed in writing to be bound by the same terms described in this Lock-Up Agreement to the extent and for the duration that such terms remain in effect at the time of the transfer or (ii) the release or waiver is granted to one or more parties to Other Lock-Up Agreements by the Representatives for an aggregate amount of shares of capital stock of the Company pursuant to all releases or waivers under this clause (ii) that is less than or equal to 0.15% of the Company’s outstanding Common Stock, calculated immediately prior to the Offering.]

 

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[The undersigned hereby waives the provisions of, and the Company’s compliance with, that certain Registration Rights letter agreement between the Company, the undersigned and the other Investors parties thereto dated August 23, 2016; provided that in the event that at any time this Lock-Up Agreement shall become of no further effect pursuant to the following paragraph, then as of such time this waiver shall automatically terminate.  The undersigned acknowledges and agrees that the Company is an intended third-party beneficiary of this waiver, and shall have the right, power and authority to enforce the provisions of this waiver as though it was a party hereto.]

 

The undersigned understands that if (i) the Underwriting Agreement (other than the provisions which survive termination under the terms thereof) shall terminate or be terminated prior to payment for the delivery of the Shares, (ii) the Registration Statement is withdrawn by the Company, (iii) the Company notifies the Underwriters that it does not intend to proceed with the Offering or (iv) the Offering is not consummated prior to December 31, 2017; provided, however, that the Company may, by written notice to the undersigned prior to such date, extend such date for a period of up to three additional months; in each case, the undersigned shall be released from all obligations under this Lock-Up Agreement and this Lock-Up Agreement shall be of no further effect.

 

{Remainder of Page Intentionally Blank}

 

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The undersigned understands that the Company and the Underwriters are relying upon this Lock-Up Agreement in proceeding toward consummation of the Offering.  The undersigned further understands that this Lock-Up Agreement is irrevocable and shall be binding upon the undersigned’s heirs, legal representatives, successors, and assigns.

 

 

Very truly yours,

 

 

 

[Exact Name of Shareholder]

 

 

 

Authorized Signature

 

 

 

Title (indicate capacity of person signing if signing as custodian, trustee, or on behalf of an entity)