Private Passenger Automobile Quota Share Reinsurance Contract Effective: January 1, 2004

EX-10.9 8 dex109.htm FORM OF PRIVATE PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE QUOTA SHARE REINSURANCE CONTRACT Form of Private Passenger Automobile Quota Share Reinsurance Contract

Exhibit 10.9

Private Passenger Automobile Quota Share

Reinsurance Contract

Effective: January 1, 2004

issued to

Affirmative Insurance Company

and

Insura Property and Casualty Insurance Company

both of Bedford Park, Illinois

Table of Contents


Article		Page

I	Classes of Business Reinsured	1

II	Commencement and Termination	2

III	Territory	5

IV	Exclusions	5

V	Retention and Limit	6

VI	Assignments and Assessments	8

VII	Loss in Excess of Policy Limits/Extra Contractual Obligations	8

VIII	Loss Occurrence (BRMA 27A)	9

IX	Claims and Loss Adjustment Expense	10

X	Commutation	11

XI	Salvage and Subrogation	12

XII	Original Conditions (BRMA 37B)	12

XIII	Most Favored Terms (BRMA 31A)	12

XIV	Sliding Scale Commission	12

XV	Reports and Remittances	14

XVI	Miscellaneous	15

XVII	Late Payments	15

XVIII	Offset (BRMA 36C)	16

XIX	Access to Records (BRMA 1D)	16

XX	Errors and Omissions (BRMA 14F)	17

XXI	Currency (BRMA 12A)	17

XXII	Taxes (BRMA 50B)	17

XXIII	Federal Excise Tax (BRMA 17A)	17

XXIV	Unauthorized Reinsurers	17

XXV	Insolvency	19

XXVI	Arbitration	19

XXVII	Service of Suit	20

XXVIII	Confidentiality	20

XXIX	Agency Agreement	21

XXX	Governing Law (BRMA 71B)	21

XXXI	Entire Agreement	21

XXXII	Intermediary (BRMA 23A)	21

Private Passenger Automobile Quota Share

Reinsurance Contract

Effective: January 1, 2004

issued to

Affirmative Insurance Company

and

Insura Property and Casualty Insurance Company

both of Bedford Park, Illinois

(hereinafter referred to as the “Company”)

The Subscribing Reinsurer(s) Executing the

Interests and Liabilities Agreement(s)

Attached Hereto

(hereinafter referred to as the “Reinsurer”)

Article I - Classes of Business Reinsured

By this Contract the Company obligates itself to cede to the Reinsurer and the Reinsurer obligates itself to accept quota share reinsurance of the Company’s net liability under policies, contracts and binders of insurance or reinsurance (hereinafter called “policies”) issued or renewed at or after the effective date hereof, and classified by the Company as Private Passenger Automobile Liability and Physical Damage business (including but not limited to Uninsured and Underinsured Motorists, Personal Injury Protection, miscellaneous coverages and other related lines of business when written in conjunction with Private Passenger Automobile business) produced and underwritten in Illinois, Indiana and Missouri by or through American Agencies General Agency, Affirmative Insurance Services, Inc. and branch offices of InsureOne Independent Insurance Agency, all of Bedford Park, Illinois (hereinafter referred to as the “General Agent”).

It is understood that the classes of business reinsured under this Contract are deemed to include coverages required for non-resident drivers under the motor vehicle financial responsibility law or the motor vehicle compulsory insurance law or any similar law of any state or province, following the provisions of the Company’s policies when they include or are deemed to include so-called “Out of State Insurance” provisions.

C.	“Net liability” as used herein is defined as the Company’s gross liability remaining after cessions, if any, to other pro rata reinsurers, excess treaty reinsurers and facultative reinsurers.

D.	The liability of the Reinsurer with respect to each cession hereunder shall commence obligatorily and simultaneously with that of the Company, subject to the terms, conditions and limitations hereinafter set forth.


		Page 1

Article II - Commencement and Termination

A.	This Contract shall become effective at 12:01 a.m., Central Standard Time, January 1, 2004, with respect to losses under policies allocated to underwriting years commencing on or after that time and date, and shall continue in force thereafter until terminated.

B.	Either party may terminate this Contract at any December 31 by giving the other party not less than 90 days prior written notice by certified mail.

Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph B above, the Company may terminate, on a runoff or cutoff basis at the discretion of the Company, a Subscribing Reinsurer’s percentage share in this Contract at any time by giving 30 days written notice in the event any of the following circumstances occur:

The Subscribing Reinsurer’s policyholders’ surplus at the beginning of any underwriting year has been reduced by more than 20.0% of the amount of surplus 12 months prior to that date; or

The Subscribing Reinsurer’s policyholders’ surplus during any underwriting year has been reduced by more than 20.0% of the amount of surplus at the date of the Subscribing Reinsurer’s most recent financial statement filed with regulatory authorities and available to the public as of the beginning of any underwriting year; or

The Subscribing Reinsurer’s A.M. Best’s rating has been assigned or downgraded below A- and/or Standard & Poor’s rating has been assigned or downgraded below BBB; or

The Subscribing Reinsurer has become merged with, acquired by or controlled by any other company, corporation or individual(s) not controlling the Subscribing Reinsurer’s operations previously; or

The Subscribing Reinsurer has become insolvent or has been placed into liquidation or receivership (whether voluntary or involuntary) or proceedings have been instituted against the Subscribing Reinsurer for the appointment of a receiver, liquidator, rehabilitator, conservator or trustee in bankruptcy, or other agent known by whatever name, to take possession of its assets or control of its operations; or

The Subscribing Reinsurer has reinsured its entire liability under this Contract without the Company’s prior written consent; or

The Subscribing Reinsurer has ceased assuming new and renewal property and casualty treaty reinsurance business; or

The Subscribing Reinsurer has committed a material breach of conditions, fraud or default under the terms and conditions of this Contract.

Notices hereunder shall be provided by certified or registered mail return receipt requested or by a recognized overnight delivery service and notice shall be deemed to have been provided on the date of mailing.


		Page 2

D.	Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph B above, the Reinsurer may terminate this Contract, on a runoff or cutoff basis at the discretion of the Company, at any time by giving 30 days written notice, in the event any of the following circumstances occur:

The Subscribing Reinsurer has not received payment of any premium amount due from the Company on or before the quarterly due date; or

The Company’s policyholders’ surplus at the beginning of any underwriting year has been reduced by more than 20.0% of the amount of surplus 12-months prior to that date; or

The Company’s policyholders’ surplus at any time during any underwriting year has been reduced by more than 20.0% of the amount of surplus at the date of the Company’s most recent financial statement filed with regulatory authorities and available to the public as of the beginning of any underwriting year; or

The Company’s A.M. Best’s rating has been assigned or downgraded below B-; or

The Company has become merged with, acquired by or controlled by any other company, corporation or individual(s) not controlling the Company operations previously, not including however, changes in equity ownership as a result of an initial public offering; or

A State Insurance Department or other legal authority has ordered the Company to cease writing business and such order remains in effect for at least 30 days; or

The Company or General Agent has become insolvent or has been placed into liquidation or receivership (whether voluntary or involuntary) or proceedings have been instituted against the Company or General Agent for the appointment of a receiver, liquidator, rehabilitator, conservator or trustee in bankruptcy, or other agent known by whatever name, to take possession of its assets or control of its operations and such action or proceedings have not been dismissed within 45 days after commencement thereof; or

The Company or General Agent has committed a material breach of conditions, fraud, or default by either party under the terms and conditions of the Contract; however, a 30 day “cure period” shall be provided the Company during which time the Company shall come into compliance with its obligations under this Contract. If the Company comes into compliance with its obligations under this Contract during the “cure period,” the notice of termination shall be rescinded by the Reinsurer.

Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph B, the Company may terminate this Contract immediately and automatically, without written notice, from the beginning of the underwriting year and the terms and conditions hereof shall be considered null and void in the event any of the following circumstances occur:

This Contract is deemed not reinsurance, illegal or unenforceable by a State Insurance Department or other legal authority; or


		Page 3

This Contract does not provide sufficient risk transfer to constitute reinsurance in accordance with the guidelines of those Financial Accounting Standards Board Statements of Financial Accounting Standards.

In the event of termination due to the provisions of subparagraph 1 or 2 above, the Company and the Reinsurer shall use good faith efforts to re-negotiate the Contract at reasonable economic provisions as of the effective date of this Contract. If the Company and the Reinsurer are unable to re-negotiate as of the effective date and such termination is after any June 30, the General Agent shall pay the Reinsurer $250,000 as an administration fee.

Unless the Company elects to reassume the ceded unearned premium in force on the effective date of termination, and so notifies the Reinsurer prior to or as promptly as possible after the effective date of termination, but not later than 30 days, reinsurance hereunder on business in force on the effective date of termination shall remain in full force and effect until expiration, cancellation, or next premium anniversary of such business, whichever first occurs, but in no event beyond 12 months following the effective date of termination plus any extended reporting period, including extensions required by statute, regulation, order of an insurance department, or otherwise, not to exceed 24 months following the effective date of termination.

“Underwriting year” as used herein shall mean the period from January 1, 2004 through June 30, 2004 for the first underwriting year, July 1, 2004 through December 31, 2004 for the second underwriting year and each subsequent 12-month period shall be a separate underwriting year. However, if this Contract is terminated, the final underwriting year shall be from the beginning of the current underwriting year through the effective date of termination. All premiums and losses from policies allocated to an underwriting year shall be credited or charged, respectively, to such underwriting year, regardless of the date said premiums earn or such losses occur. It is understood that a policy will be allocated to the underwriting year which is in effect as of:

As respects all new policies, the effective date of such policies;

As respects renewals of one year or less term policies, the renewal date of such policies;

As respects continuous or greater than one year term policies, the premium anniversary date of such policies.

Such policies shall remain in the same underwriting year, as originally allocated, until the next renewal date or premium anniversary date, at which time such policies shall be reallocated to the underwriting year in effect as of such date as provided in subparagraphs 2 and 3 above.


		Page 4

Article III - Territory

This Contract shall only apply to policies issued to insureds domiciled in the United States of America, its territories and possessions, Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia and incidental foreign exposures; but this limitation shall apply to losses only if the Company’s policies provide coverage outside the aforesaid territorial limits.

Article IV - Exclusions

A.	This Contract does not apply to and specifically excludes the following:

Business not produced by and underwritten by or through the agencies managed by the General Agent.

Business not classified by the Company as Private Passenger Automobile Liability and Physical Damage business (including but not limited to Uninsured and Underinsured Motorists, Personal Injury Protection, miscellaneous coverages and other related lines of business when written in conjunction with Private Passenger Automobile business).

Automobile insurance relating to the ownership, or use of:

Emergency vehicles;

Racing automobiles;

Automobiles leased or rented to others except long-term leases greater than six months;

Commercial automobiles;

Public automobiles;

Motorcycles, motorized scooters, motorized bicycles, powercycles and any similar motor vehicles;

All pickups over one ton;

Antique or vintage vehicles, kit cars, altered or remodeled vehicles;

All motor homes, trailers and other recreational vehicles.

Risks engaged in the transportation or distribution of munitions and explosives including, but not limited to, liquid hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine, fireworks, fuses, dynamite, nitroglycerin, ammonia nitrate, anhydrous ammonia, celluloid, pyroxyline or their derivatives, liquefied petroleum gas, butane, propane and gasoline.

Assumed treaty or facultative reinsurance.


		Page 5

Nuclear risks as defined in the “Nuclear Incident Exclusion Clause - Physical Damage - Reinsurance” and the “Nuclear Incident Exclusion Clause - Liability - Reinsurance” attached to and forming part of this Contract.

Loss or damage caused by war, bombardment, invasion, insurrection, rebellion, revolution, military or usurped power, or confiscation by order of any government or public authority, as excluded under a standard War Exclusion Clause.

Business received as a member of pools and associations other than those in which participation is mandatory.

All liability of the Company arising by contract, operation of law, or otherwise, from its participation or membership, whether voluntary or involuntary, in any insolvency fund. “Insolvency fund” includes any guaranty fund, insolvency fund, plan, pool, association, fund or other arrangement, however denominated, established or governed, which provides for any assessment of or payment or assumption by the Company of part or all of any claim, debt, charge, fee or other obligation of an insurer, or its successors or assigns, which has been declared by any competent authority to be insolvent, or which is otherwise deemed unable to meet any claim, debt, charge, fee or other obligation in whole or in part.

10.

Financial guaranty, GAP, residual value or credit insurance.

11.

Asbestos, as defined in the “Absolute Asbestos Exclusion” attached to and forming part of this Contract.

If any business falling within the scope of one or more of the exclusions is assigned to the Company under an Assigned Risk Plan, such exclusion(s) will not apply, it being understood and agreed that the limits of liability extended by the Company as respects such policies will not exceed the minimum statutory limits of liability prescribed in such Assigned Risk Plan.

If the Company is inadvertently bound on a risk excluded above, such risk shall be covered hereunder until the Company receives notice thereof, and pending cancellation of such risk by the Company, for a period not to exceed 30 days after receipt of such notice. The Company agrees to use due diligence in canceling such risk immediately after receipt of notice.

Article V - Retention and Limit

A.	As respects business subject to this Contract, the Company shall cede to the Reinsurer and the Reinsurer agrees to accept 100% of the Company’s net liability, subject to the provisions of paragraphs B and C below.

B.	As respects losses under policies allocated to the first underwriting year hereunder, the Company shall retain a 40.0% part of 100% share in the interest and liabilities of the Reinsurer.


		Page 6

C.	As respects losses under policies allocated to the second underwriting year hereunder, the Company shall retain not less than a 40.0% nor more than an 80.0% part of 100% share in the interests and liabilities of the Reinsurer.

D.	The Company may modify its percentage share and proportionately reduce the Reinsurer’s percentage share by giving the Reinsurer written notice by certified mail prior to August 1, 2004.

As respects losses under policies allocated to each underwriting year hereunder, the Company shall retain, in addition to its quota share retention set forth above, 100% of the net liability in excess of 72.0% but not to exceed 77.0% of the premiums earned as respects business subject to this Contract.

F.	As respects losses under policies allocated to each underwriting year hereunder, the Company shall retain, in addition to its quota share retention set forth above, 100% of the net liability in excess of 100% of the premiums earned as respects business subject to this Contract.

As respects losses under polices allocated to each underwriting year hereunder, the Company shall retain in addition to its quota share participation 100% of the net liability as respects any one loss occurrence in excess of 2.0% (6.0% aggregate cap for the first and second underwriting years collectively, and each subsequent underwriting year thereafter) of the Company’s ceded net written premium collected resulting from events assigned a number by the Property Claims Services Division of American Insurance Services, Inc.

Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph A above, in the event the Company’s subject net written premium from policies during the first underwriting year from January 1, 2004 through June 30, 2004, or the second underwriting year from July 1, 2004 through December 31, 2004, exceeds $77,500,000, the cession percentage hereunder, as respects each underwriting year, shall be reduced to the proportion that $77,500,000 bears to the Company’s subject net written premium for each underwriting year. In the event of a reduction of the cession percentage for an underwriting year under the provisions of this paragraph, the premiums and losses paid hereunder for the underwriting year shall be adjusted retroactively to the beginning of the year.

I.	The Company shall purchase or be deemed to have purchased inuring excess facultative reinsurance to limit its loss subject hereto from any one coverage, any one policy (exclusive of loss in excess of policy limits or extra contractual obligations) to the following amounts:

Automobile Bodily Injury Liability, $100,000 each person, $300,000 each occurrence;

Automobile Property Damage Liability, $100,000 each occurrence;

Uninsured/Underinsured Motorists, $100,000 each person, $300,000 each occurrence;

Medical payments, $25,000 each person.

Automobile Physical Damage Liability, $50,000 per vehicle.

The Company shall be the sole judge of what constitutes one policy.


		Page 7

J.	The Automobile Liability amounts shown in paragraph I shall be extended to follow the Company’s policy if the Company’s loss is greater than one or more of said amounts because its policy includes or is deemed to include so-called “Out of State Insurance” provisions.

K.	If the original policy is endorsed with Physical Damage limits exceeding the amounts shown in paragraph I above, the retention and limit shall apply until the policy may be cancelled or the natural expiration of the original policy, whichever occurs first.

Article VI - Assignments and Assessments

A.	The provisions of Article V shall apply to risks assigned to the Company under any Assigned Risk Plan or similar plan if, in the opinion of the Company, such risks were assigned to the Company because of the business written and reinsured hereunder.

The provisions of Article V shall also apply to a proportion of any assessments made against the Company pursuant to those laws and regulations creating obligatory funds (excluding insurance guaranty and insolvency funds to the extent that such costs are transferable to the policyholder), pools, joint underwriting associations, CAIPs, FAIR plans and similar plans, said proportion to be the proportion of the Company’s total premiums causing the assessment which were or are subject to this Contract. Any assessments shall be allocated to the contract year upon which the basis of such assessments were calculated. All offsets, if any, will pass through to the Reinsurer.

C.	When this Contract is terminated, the provisions of this Article shall continue to apply for as long as the Company is required to accept assignments and/or assessments because of the business reinsured hereunder.

Article VII - Loss in Excess of Policy Limits/Extra Contractual Obligations

In the event the Company pays or is held liable to pay an amount of loss in excess of its policy limit, but otherwise within the terms of its policy (hereinafter called “loss in excess of policy limits”) or any punitive, exemplary, compensatory or consequential damages, other than loss in excess of policy limits (hereinafter called “extra contractual obligations”) because of alleged or actual bad faith, negligence or fraud on its part in rejecting an offer of settlement within policy limits, or in the preparation of the defense or in the trial of an action against its insured or reinsured or in the preparation or prosecution of an appeal consequent upon such an action, or in otherwise handling a claim under a policy subject to this Contract, 100% of the loss in excess of policy limits and/or 100% of the extra contractual obligations shall be added to the Company’s loss, if any, under the policy involved, and the sum thereof shall be subject to the provisions of Article V, not exceeding, however, $1,000,000 per occurrence or $3,000,000 in the aggregate as respects the first and second underwriting years collectively and as respects each subsequent underwriting year.

B.	An extra contractual obligation shall be deemed to have occurred on the same date as the loss covered or alleged to be covered under the policy.


		Page 8

Notwithstanding anything stated herein, this Contract shall not apply to any loss in excess of policy limits or any extra contractual obligation incurred by the Company as a result of any fraudulent and/or criminal act by any officer or director of the Company acting individually or collectively or in collusion with any individual or corporation or any other organization or party involved in the presentation, defense or settlement of any claim covered hereunder.

D.	Recoveries from any form of insurance or reinsurance which protects the Company against claims the subject matter of this Article shall inure to the benefit of this Contract.

If any provision of this Article shall be rendered illegal or unenforceable by the laws, regulations or public policy of any state, such provision shall be considered void in such state, but this shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision of this Contract or the enforceability of such provision in any other jurisdiction.

Article VIII - Loss Occurrence (BRMA 27A)

The term “Loss Occurrence” shall mean the sum of all individual losses directly occasioned by any one disaster, accident or loss or series of disasters, accidents or losses arising out of one event which occurs within the area of one state of the United States or province of Canada and states or provinces contiguous thereto and to one another. However, the duration and extent of any one “Loss Occurrence” shall be limited to all individual losses sustained by the Company occurring during any period of 168 consecutive hours arising out of and directly occasioned by the same event except that the term “Loss Occurrence” shall be further defined as follows:

As regards windstorm, hail, tornado, hurricane, cyclone, including ensuing collapse and water damage, all individual losses sustained by the Company occurring during any period of 72 consecutive hours arising out of and directly occasioned by the same event. However, the event need not be limited to one state or province or states or provinces contiguous thereto.

As regards riot, riot attending a strike, civil commotion, vandalism and malicious mischief, all individual losses sustained by the Company occurring during any period of 72 consecutive hours within the area of one municipality or county and the municipalities or counties contiguous thereto arising out of and directly occasioned by the same event. The maximum duration of 72 consecutive hours may be extended in respect of individual losses which occur beyond such 72 consecutive hours during the continued occupation of an assured’s premises by strikers, provided such occupation commenced during the aforesaid period.

As regards earthquake (the epicenter of which need not necessarily be within the territorial confines referred to in the opening paragraph of this Article) and fire following directly occasioned by the earthquake, only those individual fire losses which commence during the period of 168 consecutive hours may be included in the Company’s “Loss Occurrence.”

As regards “Freeze,” only individual losses directly occasioned by collapse, breakage of glass and water damage (caused by bursting of frozen pipes and tanks) may be included in the Company’s “Loss Occurrence.”


		Page 9

Except for those “Loss Occurrences” referred to in subparagraphs 1 and 2 of paragraph A above, the Company may choose the date and time when any such period of consecutive hours commences provided that it is not earlier than the date and time of the occurrence of the first recorded individual loss sustained by the Company arising out of that disaster, accident or loss and provided that only one such period of 168 consecutive hours shall apply with respect to one event.

However, as respects those “Loss Occurrences” referred to in subparagraphs 1 and 2 of paragraph A above, if the disaster, accident or loss occasioned by the event is of greater duration than 72 consecutive hours, then the Company may divide that disaster, accident or loss into two or more “Loss Occurrences” provided no two periods overlap and no individual loss is included in more than one such period and provided that no period commences earlier than the date and time of the occurrence of the first recorded individual loss sustained by the Company arising out of that disaster, accident or loss.

D.	No individual losses occasioned by an event that would be covered by 72 hours clauses may be included in any “Loss Occurrence” claimed under the 168 hours provision.

Article IX - Claims and Loss Adjustment Expense

All loss settlements, judgments, and all interest on said judgments (including extra contractual obligations awards and loss in excess of policy limits judgments made against the Company, including interest on said judgments) made by the Company, or the Company’s designated representative, whether under strict policy conditions or by way of compromise, shall be unconditionally binding upon the Reinsurer.

B.	The Reinsurer shall be liable for an amount of loss adjustment expense equal to 14.0% of the premiums earned during each underwriting year hereunder.

“Loss adjustment expense” as used herein shall mean expenses relating to the investigation, appraisal, adjustment, settlement, litigation, defense and/or appeal of specific claims, regardless of how such expenses are classified for statutory reporting purposes. Loss adjustment expenses shall include, but not be limited to, interest on judgments, expenses of outside adjusters and claim specific declaratory judgment expenses or other legal expenses and costs incurred in connection with coverage questions and legal actions connected thereto.

Claims handling shall be accomplished by the General Agent or its designated representative (hereinafter referred to as the “Claims Agent”) pursuant to the terms of the agreement between the Company and the General Agent and such designation is subject to the Company’s continuing approval and shall not be inconsistent with the terms and conditions of this Contract.

The Reinsurer’s share of loss, loss adjustment expense allowance and loss recoveries shall be carried into the monthly account for which provision is hereinafter made; however, when the amount of loss paid by the Company under policies subject to this Contract as a result of any one occurrence exceeds $100,000, the Reinsurer’s share will, at the option and the demand of the Company, be immediately reimbursed by special remittance (herein, “cash


		Page 10

call”). The Reinsurer shall retain the right to deduct from any such special remittance any overdue balance due the Reinsurer by the Company.

F.	The Company shall report to the Reinsurer losses involving the following, regardless of liability or coverage:

Fatalities.

Bodily injuries involving:

Brain stem, quadriplegia, paraplegia or severe paralysis;

Serious burns;

Amputations of major limbs;

Serious impairment of vision.

Potential coverage disputes or bad faith situations which may, in the opinion of the Company, the General Agent or the Claims Agent, give rise to a loss in excess of policy limits judgment and/or an extra contractual obligation award.

Article X - Commutation

A.	The Company may elect to commute this Contract as respects the first and second underwriting years collectively, at any time after December 31, 2005, and as respects each subsequent underwriting year independently, at any time after six months after the end of the underwriting year.

The Company shall advise the Reinsurer 36 months after the end of the second underwriting year, and each subsequent underwriting year of any outstanding claims which have not been finally settled and which may cause a claim under this Contract. The Reinsurer shall then require that its liability with respect to all such claims be commuted, and the payment to the Company by the Reinsurer of the present value of Reinsurer’s proportion of this sum shall constitute complete release of the Reinsurer’s liability from any such losses.

C.	If the Company elects not to commute this Contract on or before 36 months after the end of the second underwriting year and each subsequent underwriting year, the Company shall pay the Reinsurer an annual maintenance fee of $250,000.

If the Reinsurer and the Company cannot reach a settlement by mutual agreement, then the Reinsurer and the Company shall mutually appoint an independent actuary or appraiser who shall investigate, determine and capitalize the present value of any such unsettled claims. The Reinsurer and the Company shall share the cost of any independent actuary or appraiser on an equal basis.


		Page 11

Article XI - Salvage and Subrogation

The Reinsurer shall be credited with its proportionate share of salvage (i.e., reimbursement obtained or recovery made by the Company, less the actual cost, excluding salaries of officials and employees of the Company and sums paid to attorneys as retainer, for obtaining such reimbursement or making such recovery) on account of claims and settlements involving reinsurance hereunder. The Company hereby agrees to enforce its rights to salvage or subrogation relating to any loss, a part of which loss was sustained by the Reinsurer, and to prosecute all claims arising out of such rights.

Article XII - Original Conditions (BRMA 37B)

All reinsurance under this Contract shall be subject to the same rates, terms, conditions, waivers and interpretations, and to the same modifications and alterations as the respective policies of the Company. However, in no event shall this be construed in any way to provide coverage outside the terms and conditions set forth in this Contract. The Reinsurer shall be credited with its exact proportion of the original premiums received by the Company, prior to disbursement of any dividends, but after deduction of premiums, if any, ceded by the Company for inuring reinsurance.

B.	Nothing herein shall in any manner create any obligations or establish any rights against the Reinsurer in favor of any third party or any persons not parties to this Contract.

Article XIII - Most Favored Terms (BRMA 31A)

Except for customary differences in terms for unauthorized and/or foreign reinsurers, and except for percentage participations, the Company represents that this Contract is offered on the basis of equal terms for all reinsurers. The phrase “equal terms” means that all of the terms, conditions, and provisions of this Contract are identical for each reinsurer hereon. In the event any reinsurer to this Contract is afforded more favorable terms than those herein set forth, this Contract, at the option of the Reinsurer, shall be construed as containing the more favorable terms afforded such reinsurer, as though such terms were actually provided herein from the date they were granted to such other reinsurer.

Article XIV - Sliding Scale Commission

A.	The Reinsurer shall allow the Company a 28.0% provisional commission on all premiums (i.e., premium finance and direct bill premiums) ceded to the Reinsurer hereunder. The Company shall allow the Reinsurer return commission on return premiums at the same rate.

B.	The adjusted commission rate shall be calculated as follows and be applied to premiums earned for the first and second underwriting years collectively, and independently for each underwriting year thereafter, as follows:

If the ratio of losses incurred to premiums earned is 71.0% or greater, the adjusted commission rate for the contract year under consideration shall be 24.0%;


		Page 12

If the ratio of losses incurred to premiums earned is less than 71.0%, but not less than 49.0%, the adjusted commission rate for the underwriting year under consideration shall be 24.0%, plus the difference in percentage points between 71.0% and the actual ratio of losses incurred to premiums earned;

If the ratio of losses incurred to premiums earned is 49.0% or less, the adjusted commission rate for the underwriting year under consideration shall be 46.0%.

If the ratio of losses incurred to premiums earned for any underwriting year is greater than 77.0%, the difference in percentage points between the actual ratio of losses incurred to premiums earned and 77.0% shall be multiplied by premiums earned for the underwriting year and the product shall be carried forward to the next underwriting year as a debit to losses incurred, subject to a maximum deficit carryforward of 23.0% of premiums earned. If the ratio of losses incurred to premiums earned for any underwriting year is less than 49.0%, the difference in percentage points between 49.0% and the actual ratio of losses incurred to premiums earned shall be multiplied by premiums earned for the underwriting year and the product shall be carried forward to the next underwriting year as a credit to losses incurred.

Within 45 days after 12 months following the end of the second underwriting year and each subsequent underwriting year, and every 12 months thereafter until all losses subject to the underwriting year under consideration have been finally settled, the Company shall calculate and report the adjusted commission on premiums earned for the underwriting year, subject to the following:

As respects the first calculation, if the adjusted commission on premiums earned is greater than commissions previously allowed by the Reinsurer on premiums earned for the underwriting year, the Reinsurer shall remit 75.0% of the difference to the Company as promptly as possible after receipt and verification of the Company’s report.

As respects the second and each subsequent calculation, if the adjusted commission on premiums earned is less than commissions previously allowed by the Reinsurer on premiums earned for the underwriting year, the Company shall remit the difference to the Reinsurer with its report. If the adjusted commission on premiums earned is greater than commissions previously allowed by the Reinsurer on premiums earned for the underwriting year, the Reinsurer shall remit the difference to the Company as promptly as possible after receipt and verification of the Company’s report, but in any event no less than 30 days following receipt of the report.

In the event the adjusted commission calculation for any underwriting year is based partly on ceded reserves for losses and/or loss adjustment expense, the adjusted commission shall be recalculated within 45 days after the end of each subsequent 12-month period until all losses under policies with effective or renewal dates during the underwriting year have been settled. Any balance shown to be due either party as a result of any such recalculation shall be remitted promptly by the owing party to the party due such balance.

“Losses incurred” as used herein shall mean ceded losses paid plus the 14.0% allowance for loss adjustment expense, as provided for in Article XV and as defined in Article IX, paid as of the effective date of calculation, plus the ceded reserves for losses outstanding as of the same date, all as respects losses occurring during the underwriting year under


		Page 13

consideration, plus amounts for losses incurred but not reported as calculated by the Company, plus the debit or minus the credit from the preceding underwriting year.

“Premiums earned” as used herein shall mean ceded net written premiums collected for policies with effective or renewal dates during the underwriting year, less the unearned portion thereof as of the effective date of calculation, it being understood and agreed that all premiums for policies with effective or renewal dates during an underwriting year shall be credited to that underwriting year, unless this Contract is terminated on a “cutoff” basis, in which event the unearned reinsurance premium (less previously allowed ceding commission) as of the effective date of termination shall be returned by the Reinsurer to the Company.

“Net written premium collected” for each underwriting year as used herein is defined as the gross written premium collected by the Company for the classes of business reinsured hereunder (excluding all policy fees, billing-related fees, SR22 fees, or other similar fees), less cancellations and return premiums, and less premiums ceded by the Company for reinsurance which inures to the benefit of this Contract, it being understood and agreed that all premiums for policies allocated to an underwriting year shall be credited to that underwriting year, regardless of the date said premiums are booked by the Company.

“Cutoff” as used herein shall mean that the Subscribing Reinsurer shall have no liability hereunder with respect to losses under policies allocated to underwriting years commencing after the effective date and time of termination. The Subscribing Reinsurer shall return all unearned net written premium and assumed premium collected less commission as stated in this Article as of the effective date of termination.

J.	It is expressly agreed that the ceding commission allowed the Company includes provision for all dividends, commissions, taxes, assessments, and all other expenses of whatever nature, except loss adjustment expense.

Article XV - Reports and Remittances

A.	Within 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter, the Company shall report to the Reinsurer (segregated by underwriting year) the following:

Ceded net written premium for the quarter, as respects premium finance;

Ceded net written premium collected for the quarter, as respects premium finance;

Ceded net written premium for the quarter, as respects direct bill premium;

Ceded net written premium collected for the quarter, as respects direct bill premium;

All ceded premiums earned for the quarter;

Provisional commission on (2 and 4) above;

Ceded losses paid during the quarter (net of any recoveries during the quarter under the “cash call” provisions of Article IX);


		Page 14

Salvage, subrogation or other recoveries on losses;

14.0% of (5), representing the Reinsurer’s share of loss adjustment expenses;

10.

Ceded unearned premiums and ceded outstanding loss reserves as of the end of the quarter.

The positive balance of (2) plus (4) less (6) less (7) plus (8) less (9) shall be remitted by the Company within 45 days after the end of each calendar quarter. Any balance shown to be due the Company shall be remitted by the Reinsurer within 15 days after receipt and verification of the Company’s report.

B.	Annually, the Company shall furnish the Reinsurer with such information as the Reinsurer may require to complete its Annual Convention Statement.

Article XVI - Miscellaneous

The General Agent shall not take a rate reduction of more than 5.0% in the aggregate for any underwriting year without prior approval from the Reinsurer provided that the Reinsurer shall not unreasonably withhold such approval.

Article XVII - Late Payments

A.	The provisions of this Article shall not be implemented unless specifically invoked, in writing, by one of the parties to this Contract.

In the event any premium, loss or other payment due either party is not received by the intermediary named in Article XXXII (hereinafter referred to as the “Intermediary”) by the payment due date, the party to whom payment is due, may, by notifying the Intermediary in writing, require the debtor party to pay, and the debtor party agrees to pay, an interest penalty on the amount past due calculated for each such payment on the last business day of each month as follows:

The number of full days which have expired since the due date or the last monthly calculation, whichever the lesser; times

1/365ths of the six-month United States Treasury Bill rate as quoted in The Wall Street Journal on the first business day of the month for which the calculation is made; times

The amount past due, including accrued interest.

It is agreed that interest shall accumulate until payment of the original amount due plus interest penalties have been received by the Intermediary.

C.	The establishment of the due date shall, for purposes of this Article, be determined as follows:

As respects any routine payment, adjustment or return due either party, the due date shall be as provided for in the applicable section of this Contract. In the event a due


		Page 15

date is not specifically stated for a given payment, it shall be deemed due 10 business days after the date of transmittal by the Intermediary of the initial billing for each such payment.

As respects a “cash call” made in accordance with the last sentence of paragraph E of Article IX, payment shall be deemed due 10 business days after the proof of loss or demand for payment is transmitted to the Reinsurer. If such loss or claim payment is not received within the 10 days, interest will accrue on the payment or amount overdue in accordance with paragraph B above, from the date the proof of loss or demand for payment was transmitted to the Reinsurer.

As respects any payment, adjustment or return due either party not otherwise provided for in subparagraphs 1 and 2 of paragraph C above, the due date shall be deemed as 10 business days following transmittal of written notification that the provisions of this Article have been invoked.

For purposes of interest calculations only, amounts due hereunder shall be deemed paid upon receipt by the Intermediary.

Nothing herein shall be construed as limiting or prohibiting a Subscribing Reinsurer from contesting the validity of any claim, or from participating in the defense of any claim or suit, or prohibiting either party from contesting the validity of any payment or from initiating any arbitration or other proceeding in accordance with the provisions of this Contract. If the debtor party prevails in an arbitration or other proceeding, then any interest penalties due hereunder on the amount in dispute shall be null and void. If the debtor party loses in such proceeding, then the interest penalty on the amount determined to be due hereunder shall be calculated in accordance with the provisions set forth above unless otherwise determined by such proceedings. If a debtor party advances payment of any amount it is contesting, and proves to be correct in its contestation, either in whole or in part, the other party shall reimburse the debtor party for any such excess payment made plus interest on the excess amount calculated in accordance with this Article.

E.	Interest penalties arising out of the application of this Article that are $100 or less from any party shall be waived unless there is a pattern of late payments consisting of three or more items over the course of any 12-month period.

Article XVIII - Offset (BRMA 36C)

The Company and the Reinsurer shall have the right to offset any balance or amounts due from one party to the other under the terms of this Contract. The party asserting the right of offset may exercise such right any time whether the balances due are on account of premiums or losses or otherwise.

Article XIX - Access to Records (BRMA 1D)

The Reinsurer or its designated representatives shall have access at any reasonable time to all records of the Company which pertain in any way to this reinsurance.


		Page 16

Article XX - Errors and Omissions (BRMA 14F)

Inadvertent delays, errors or omissions made in connection with this Contract or any transaction hereunder shall not relieve either party from any liability which would have attached had such delay, error or omission not occurred, provided always that such error or omission is rectified as soon as possible after discovery.

Article XXI - Currency (BRMA 12A)

A.	Whenever the word “Dollars” or the “$” sign appears in this Contract, they shall be construed to mean United States Dollars and all transactions under this Contract shall be in United States Dollars.

B.	Amounts paid or received by the Company in any other currency shall be converted to United States Dollars at the rate of exchange at the date such transaction is entered on the books of the Company.

Article XXII - Taxes (BRMA 50B)

In consideration of the terms under which this Contract is issued, the Company will not claim a deduction in respect of the premium hereon when making tax returns, other than income or profits tax returns, to any state or territory of the United States of America or the District of Columbia.

Article XXIII - Federal Excise Tax (BRMA 17A)

(Applicable to those reinsurers, excepting Underwriters at Lloyd’s London and other reinsurers exempt from Federal Excise Tax, who are domiciled outside the United States of America.)

A.	The Reinsurer has agreed to allow for the purpose of paying the Federal Excise Tax the applicable percentage of the premium payable hereon (as imposed under Section 4371 of the Internal Revenue Code) to the extent such premium is subject to the Federal Excise Tax.

B.	In the event of any return of premium becoming due hereunder the Reinsurer will deduct the applicable percentage from the return premium payable hereon and the Company or its agent should take steps to recover the tax from the United States Government.

Article XXIV - Unauthorized Reinsurers

A.	If the Reinsurer is unauthorized in any state of the United States of America or the District of Columbia, the Reinsurer agrees to fund its share of the Company’s ceded unearned premium and outstanding loss and loss adjustment expense reserves (including incurred but not reported loss reserves) by:

Clean, irrevocable and unconditional letters of credit issued and confirmed, if confirmation is required by the insurance regulatory authorities involved, by a bank or


		Page 17

banks meeting the NAIC Securities Valuation Office credit standards for issuers of letters of credit and acceptable to said insurance regulatory authorities; and/or

Escrow accounts for the benefit of the Company; and/or

Cash advances;

if, without such funding, a penalty would accrue to the Company on any financial statement it is required to file with the insurance regulatory authorities involved. The Reinsurer, at its sole option, may fund in other than cash if its method and form of funding are acceptable to the insurance regulatory authorities involved.

With regard to funding in whole or in part by letters of credit, it is agreed that each letter of credit will be in a form acceptable to insurance regulatory authorities involved, will be issued for a term of at least one year and will include an “evergreen clause,” which automatically extends the term for at least one additional year at each expiration date unless written notice of non-renewal is given to the Company not less than 30 days prior to said expiration date. The Company and the Reinsurer further agree, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Contract, that said letters of credit may be drawn upon by the Company or its successors in interest at any time, without diminution because of the insolvency of the Company or the Reinsurer, but only for one or more of the following purposes:

To reimburse itself for the Reinsurer’s share of unearned premiums returned to insureds on account of policy cancellations, unless paid in cash by the Reinsurer;

To reimburse itself for the Reinsurer’s share of losses and/or loss adjustment expense paid under the terms of policies reinsured hereunder, unless paid in cash by the Reinsurer;

To reimburse itself for the Reinsurer’s share of any other amounts claimed to be due hereunder, unless paid in cash by the Reinsurer;

To fund a cash account in an amount equal to the Reinsurer’s share of any ceded unearned premium and/or outstanding loss and loss adjustment expense reserves (including incurred but not reported loss reserves) funded by means of a letter of credit which is under non-renewal notice, if said letter of credit has not been renewed or replaced by the Reinsurer 10 days prior to its expiration date;

To refund to the Reinsurer any sum in excess of the actual amount required to fund the Reinsurer’s share of the Company’s ceded unearned premium and/or outstanding loss and loss adjustment expense reserves (including incurred but not reported loss reserves), if so requested by the Reinsurer.

In the event the amount drawn by the Company on any letter of credit is in excess of the actual amount required for B(1), B(2) or B(4), or in the case of B(3), the actual amount determined to be due, the Company shall promptly return to the Reinsurer the excess amount so drawn.


		Page 18

Article XXV - Insolvency

In the event of the insolvency of the Company, this reinsurance shall be payable directly to the Company or to its liquidator, receiver, conservator or statutory successor on the basis of the liability of the Company without diminution because of the insolvency of the Company or because the liquidator, receiver, conservator or statutory successor of the Company has failed to pay all or a portion of any claim. It is agreed, however, that the liquidator, receiver, conservator or statutory successor of the Company shall give written notice to the Reinsurer of the pendency of a claim against the Company indicating the policy or bond reinsured which claim would involve a possible liability on the part of the Reinsurer within a reasonable time after such claim is filed in the conservation or liquidation proceeding or in the receivership, and that during the pendency of such claim, the Reinsurer may investigate such claim and interpose, at its own expense, in the proceeding where such claim is to be adjudicated, any defense or defenses that it may deem available to the Company or its liquidator, receiver, conservator or statutory successor. The expense thus incurred by the Reinsurer shall be chargeable, subject to the approval of the Court, against the Company as part of the expense of conservation or liquidation to the extent of a pro rata share of the benefit which may accrue to the Company solely as a result of the defense undertaken by the Reinsurer.

B.	Where two or more reinsurers are involved in the same claim and a majority in interest elect to interpose defense to such claim, the expense shall be apportioned in accordance with the terms of this Contract as though such expense had been incurred by the Company.

It is further understood and agreed that, in the event of the insolvency of the Company, the reinsurance under this Contract shall be payable directly by the Reinsurer to the Company or to its liquidator, receiver or statutory successor, except as provided by Section 4118(a) of the New York Insurance Law or except (1) where this Contract specifically provides another payee of such reinsurance in the event of the insolvency of the Company or (2) where the Reinsurer with the consent of the direct insured or insureds has assumed such policy obligations of the Company as direct obligations of the Reinsurer to the payees under such policies and in substitution for the obligations of the Company to such payees.

Article XXVI - Arbitration

As a condition precedent to any right of action hereunder, in the event of any dispute or difference of opinion hereafter arising with respect to this Contract, it is hereby mutually agreed that such dispute or difference of opinion shall be submitted to arbitration. One Arbitrator shall be chosen by the Company, the other by the Reinsurer, and an Umpire shall be chosen by the two Arbitrators before they enter upon arbitration, all of whom shall be active or retired disinterested executive officers of insurance or reinsurance companies. In the event that either party should fail to choose an Arbitrator within 30 days following a written request by the other party to do so, the requesting party may choose two Arbitrators who shall in turn choose an Umpire before entering upon arbitration. If the two Arbitrators fail to agree upon the selection of an Umpire within 30 days following their appointment, each Arbitrator shall nominate three candidates within 10 days thereafter, two of whom the other shall decline, and the decision shall be made by drawing lots.

B.	Each party shall present its case to the Arbitrators within 30 days following the date of appointment of the Umpire. The Arbitrators shall consider this Contract as an honorable


		Page 19

engagement rather than merely as a legal obligation and they are relieved of all judicial formalities and may abstain from following the strict rules of law. The decision of the Arbitrators shall be final and binding on both parties; but failing to agree, they shall call in the Umpire and the decision of the majority shall be final and binding upon both parties. Judgment upon the final decision of the Arbitrators may be entered in any court of competent jurisdiction.

If more than one reinsurer is involved in the same dispute, all such reinsurers shall constitute and act as one party for purposes of this Article and communications shall be made by the Company to each of the reinsurers constituting one party, provided, however, that nothing herein shall impair the rights of such reinsurers to assert several, rather than joint, defenses or claims, nor be construed as changing the liability of the reinsurers participating under the terms of this Contract from several to joint.

Each party shall bear the expense of its own Arbitrator, and shall jointly and equally bear with the other the expense of the Umpire and of the arbitration. In the event that the two Arbitrators are chosen by one party, as above provided, the expense of the Arbitrators, the Umpire and the arbitration shall be equally divided between the two parties.

E.	Any arbitration proceedings shall take place at Bedford Park, Illinois, but notwithstanding the location of the arbitration, all proceedings pursuant hereto shall be governed by the laws of the State of Illinois.

Article XXVII - Service of Suit

(Applicable if the Reinsurer is not domiciled in the United States of America, and/or is not authorized in any State, Territory or District of the United States where authorization is required by insurance regulatory authorities)

It is agreed that in the event the Reinsurer fails to perform its obligations hereunder, the Reinsurer, at the request of the Company, will submit to the jurisdiction of a court of competent jurisdiction within the United States. Nothing in this Article constitutes or should be understood to constitute a waiver of the Reinsurer’s rights to commence an action in any court of competent jurisdiction in the United States, to remove an action to a United States District Court, or to seek a transfer of a case to another court as permitted by the laws of the United States or of any state in the United States.

Further, pursuant to any statute of any state, territory or district of the United States which makes provision therefor, the Reinsurer hereby designates the party named in its Interests and Liabilities Agreement, or if no party is named therein, the Superintendent, Commissioner or Director of Insurance or other officer specified for that purpose in the statute, or his successor or successors in office, as its true and lawful attorney upon whom may be served any lawful process in any action, suit or proceeding instituted by or on behalf of the Company or any beneficiary hereunder arising out of this Contract.

Article XXVIII - Confidentiality

The Reinsurer, except with the express prior written consent of the Company, shall not directly or indirectly, communicate, disclose or divulge to any third party, any knowledge or information


		Page 20

that may be acquired either directly or indirectly as a result of the inspection of the Company’s books, records and papers, or otherwise. The restrictions as outlined in this Article shall not apply to communication or disclosures that the Reinsurer is required to make to its statutory auditors, retrocessionaires, legal counsel, arbitrators involved in any arbitration procedures under this Contract or disclosures required upon subpoena or other duly-issued order of a court or other governmental agency or regulatory authority.

Article XXIX - Agency Agreement

If more than one reinsured company is named as a party to this Contract, the first named company shall be deemed the agent of the other reinsured companies for purposes of sending or receiving notices required by the terms and conditions of this Contract, and for purposes of remitting or receiving any monies due any party.

Article XXX - Governing Law (BRMA 71B)

This Contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Illinois.

Article XXXI - Entire Agreement

This Contract constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the business reinsured hereunder, and there are no understandings between the parties other than as expressed in this Contract. Any change or modification to this Contract shall be made by written amendment to this Contract and signed by the parties hereto.

Article XXXII - Intermediary (BRMA 23A)

Benfield Inc. is hereby recognized as the Intermediary negotiating this Contract for all business hereunder. All communications (including but not limited to notices, statements, premium, return premium, commissions, taxes, losses, loss adjustment expense, salvages and loss settlements) relating thereto shall be transmitted to the Company or the Reinsurer through Benfield Inc., 3600 West 80th Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55431. Payments by the Company to the Intermediary shall be deemed to constitute payment to the Reinsurer. Payments by the Reinsurer to the Intermediary shall be deemed to constitute payment to the Company only to the extent that such payments are actually received by the Company.


		Page 21

Nuclear Incident Exclusion Clause - Physical Damage - Reinsurance (U.S.A.)

1.	This Reinsurance does not cover any loss or liability accruing to the Reassured, directly or indirectly and whether as Insurer or Reinsurer, from any Pool of Insurers or Reinsurers formed for the purpose of covering Atomic or Nuclear Energy risks.

Without in any way restricting the operation of paragraph (1) of this Clause, this Reinsurance does not cover any loss or liability accruing to the Reassured, directly or indirectly and whether as Insurer or Reinsurer, from any insurance against Physical Damage (including business interruption or consequential loss arising out of such Physical Damage) to:

Nuclear reactor power plants including all auxiliary property on the site, or

II.

Any other nuclear reactor installation, including laboratories handling radioactive materials in connection with reactor installations, and “critical facilities” as such, or

III.

Installations for fabricating complete fuel elements or for processing substantial quantities of “special nuclear material,” and for reprocessing, salvaging, chemically separating, storing or disposing of “spent” nuclear fuel or waste materials, or

IV.

Installations other than those listed in paragraph (2) III above using substantial quantities of radioactive isotopes or other products of nuclear fission.

Without in any way restricting the operations of paragraphs (1) and (2) hereof, this Reinsurance does not cover any loss or liability by radioactive contamination accruing to the Reassured, directly or indirectly, and whether as Insurer or Reinsurer, from any insurance on property which is on the same site as a nuclear reactor power plant or other nuclear installation and which normally would be insured therewith except that this paragraph (3) shall not operate

(a)

where Reassured does not have knowledge of such nuclear reactor power plant or nuclear installation, or

(b)

where said insurance contains a provision excluding coverage for damage to property caused by or resulting from radioactive contamination, however caused. However on and after 1st January 1960 this sub-paragraph (b) shall only apply provided the said radioactive contamination exclusion provision has been approved by the Governmental Authority having jurisdiction thereof.

Without in any way restricting the operations of paragraphs (1), (2) and (3) hereof, this Reinsurance does not cover any loss or liability by radioactive contamination accruing to the Reassured, directly or indirectly, and whether as Insurer or Reinsurer, when such radioactive contamination is a named hazard specifically insured against.

5.	It is understood and agreed that this Clause shall not extend to risks using radioactive isotopes in any form where the nuclear exposure is not considered by the Reassured to be the primary hazard.

6.	The term “special nuclear material” shall have the meaning given it in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 or by any law amendatory thereof.

7.	Reassured to be sole judge of what constitutes:

(a)

substantial quantities, and

(b)

the extent of installation, plant or site.

Note.-Without in any way restricting the operation of paragraph (1) hereof, it is understood and agreed that

(a)

all policies issued by the Reassured on or before 31st December 1957 shall be free from the application of the other provisions of this Clause until expiry date or 31st December 1960 whichever first occurs whereupon all the provisions of this Clause shall apply.

(b)

with respect to any risk located in Canada policies issued by the Reassured on or before 31st December 1958 shall be free from the application of the other provisions of this Clause until expiry date or 31st December 1960 whichever first occurs whereupon all the provisions of this Clause shall apply.

Nuclear Incident Exclusion Clause - Liability - Reinsurance (U.S.A.)

(Approved by Lloyd’s Underwriters’ Fire and Non-Marine Association)

(1)	This reinsurance does not cover any loss or liability accruing to the Reassured as a member of, or subscriber to, any association of insurers or reinsurers formed for the purpose of covering nuclear energy risks or as a direct or indirect reinsurer of any such member, subscriber or association.

(2)

Without in any way restricting the operation of paragraph (1) of this Clause it is understood and agreed that for all purposes of this reinsurance all the original policies of the Reassured (new, renewal and replacement) of the classes specified in Clause II of this paragraph (2) from the time specified in Clause III in this paragraph (2) shall be deemed to include the following provision (specified as the Limited Exclusion Provision):

Limited Exclusion Provision.*

It is agreed that the policy does not apply under any liability coverage, to

(injury, sickness, disease, death or destruction

(bodily injury or property damage

with respect to which an insured under the policy is also an insured under a nuclear energy liability policy issued by Nuclear Energy Liability Insurance Association, Mutual Atomic Energy Liability Underwriters or Nuclear Insurance Association of Canada, or would be an insured under any such policy but for its termination upon exhaustion of its limit of liability.

II.

Family Automobile Policies (liability only), Special Automobile Policies (private passenger automobiles, liability only), Farmers Comprehensive Personal Liability Policies (liability only), Comprehensive Personal Liability Policies (liability only) or policies of a similar nature; and the liability portion of combination forms related to the four classes of policies stated above, such as the Comprehensive Dwelling Policy and the applicable types of Homeowners Policies.

III.

The inception dates and thereafter of all original policies as described in II above, whether new, renewal or replacement, being policies which either

(a)

become effective on or after 1st May, 1960, or

(b)

become effective before that date and contain the Limited Exclusion Provision set out above;

provided this paragraph (2) shall not be applicable to Family Automobile Policies, Special Automobile Policies, or policies or combination policies of a similar nature, issued by the Reassured on New York risks, until 90 days following approval of the Limited Exclusion Provision by the Governmental Authority having jurisdiction thereof.

(3)

Except for those classes of policies specified in Clause II of paragraph (2) and without in any way restricting the operation of paragraph (1) of this Clause, it is understood and agreed that for all purposes of this reinsurance the original liability policies of the Reassured (new, renewal and replacement) affording the following coverages:

Owners, Landlords and Tenants Liability, Contractual Liability, Elevator Liability, Owners or Contractors (including railroad) Protective Liability, Manufacturers and Contractors Liability, Product Liability, Professional and Malpractice Liability, Storekeepers Liability, Garage Liability, Automobile Liability (including Massachusetts Motor Vehicle or Garage Liability)

shall be deemed to include, with respect to such coverages, from the time specified in Clause V of this paragraph (3), the following provision (specified as the Broad Exclusion Provision):

Broad Exclusion Provision.*

It is agreed that the policy does not apply:

Under any Liability Coverage to

(injury, sickness, disease, death or destruction

(bodily injury or property damage

(a)

(b)

resulting from the hazardous properties of nuclear material and with respect to which (1) any person or organization is required to maintain financial protection pursuant to the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, or any law amendatory thereof, or (2) the insured is, or had this policy not been issued would be, entitled to indemnity from the United States of America, or any agency thereof, under any agreement entered into by the United States of America, or any agency thereof, with any person or organization.

Page 1 of 2

II.

Under any Medical Payments Coverage, or under any Supplementary Payments Provision relating to

(immediate medical or surgical relief

(first aid,

(bodily injury, sickness, disease or death

(bodily injury

resulting from the hazardous properties of nuclear material and arising out of the operation of a nuclear facility by any person or organization.

III.

Under any Liability Coverage to

(injury, sickness, disease, death or destruction

(bodily injury or property damage

resulting from the hazardous properties of nuclear material, if

(a)

the nuclear material (1) is at any nuclear facility owned by, or operated by or on behalf of, an insured or (2) has been discharged or dispersed therefrom;

(b)

the nuclear material is contained in spent fuel or waste at any time possessed, handled, used, processed, stored, transported or disposed of by or on behalf of an insured; or

(c)

the

(injury, sickness, disease, death or destruction

(bodily injury or property damage

arises out of the furnishing by an insured of services, materials, parts or equipment in connection with the planning, construction, maintenance, operation or use of any nuclear facility, but if such facility is located within the United States of America, its territories, or possessions or Canada, this exclusion (c) applies only to

(injury to or destruction of property at such nuclear facility

(property damage to such nuclear facility and any property thereat.

IV.

As used in this endorsement:

“hazardous properties” include radioactive, toxic or explosive properties; “nuclear material” means source material, special nuclear material or byproduct material; “source material”, “special nuclear material”, and “byproduct material” have the meanings given them in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 or in any law amendatory thereof; “spent fuel” means any fuel element or fuel component, solid or liquid, which has been used or exposed to radiation in a nuclear reactor; “waste” means any waste material (1) containing byproduct material and (2) resulting from the operation by any person or organization of any nuclear facility included within the definition of nuclear facility under paragraph (a) or (b) thereof; “nuclear facility” means

(a)

any nuclear reactor,

(b)

any equipment or device designed or used for (1) separating the isotopes of uranium or plutonium, (2) processing or utilizing spent fuel, or (3) handling processing or packaging waste,

(c)

any equipment or device used for the processing, fabricating or alloying of special nuclear material if at any time the total amount of such material in the custody of the insured at the premises where such equipment or device is located consists of or contains more than 25 grams of plutonium or uranium 233 or any combination thereof, or more than 250 grams of uranium 235,

(d)

any structure, basin, excavation, premises or place prepared or used for the storage or disposal of waste, and includes the site on which any of the foregoing is located, all operations conducted on such site and all premises used for such operations; “nuclear reactor” means any apparatus designed or used to sustain nuclear fission in a self-supporting chain reaction or to contain a critical mass of fissionable material;

(With respect to injury to or destruction of property, the word “injury” or “destruction,”

(“property damage” includes all forms of radioactive contamination of property,

(includes all forms of radioactive contamination of property.

The inception dates and thereafter of all original policies affording coverages specified in this paragraph (3), whether new, renewal or replacement, being policies which become effective on or after 1st May, 1960, provided this paragraph (3) shall not be applicable to

(i)

Garage and Automobile Policies issued by the Reassured on New York risks, or

(ii)

statutory liability insurance required under Chapter 90, General Laws of Massachusetts, until 90 days following approval of the Broad Exclusion Provision by the Governmental Authority having jurisdiction thereof.

(4)

Without in any way restricting the operation of paragraph (1) of this Clause, it is understood and agreed that paragraphs (2) and (3) above are not applicable to original liability policies of the Reassured in Canada and that with respect to such policies this Clause shall be deemed to include the Nuclear Energy Liability Exclusion Provisions adopted by the Canadian Underwriters’ Association of the Independent Insurance Conference of Canada.

*NOTE.

The words printed in italics in the Limited Exclusion Provision and in the Broad Exclusion Provision shall apply only in relation to original liability policies which include a Limited Exclusion Provision or a Broad Exclusion Provision containing those words.

Page 2 of 2

Absolute Asbestos Exclusion

A.	In consideration of the premium paid and notwithstanding anything contained in this Contract to the contrary, it is agreed as follows:

B.	The coverage afforded by this Contract does not apply to bodily injury, personal injury or property damage arising out of but not limited to:

Inhaling, ingesting or prolonged physical exposure to asbestos or goods or products containing asbestos; and/or

The use of asbestos in constructing or manufacturing any good, product or structure; and/or

The removal of asbestos from any good, product or structure; and/or

The manufacture, transportation, storage or disposal of asbestos or goods or products containing asbestos.

The coverage afforded by this Contract does not apply to payment for the investigation or defense of any loss, injury or damage or any cost, fine or penalty or of any expense or claim or suit related to any of the above.

C.	Also, this Contract does not reinsure loss or expense resulting from:

Demolition or increased cost of reconstruction, repair, debris removal or loss of use necessitated by the enforcement of any law or ordinance regulating asbestos material; and/or

Any governmental direction or request declaring that asbestos material present in or part of or utilized on any undamaged portion of the insured’s property can no longer be used for the purpose for which it was intended or installed and must be removed or modified.

Interests and Liabilities Agreement

entered into by and between

Affirmative Insurance Company

and

Insura Property and Casualty Insurance Company

both of Bedford Park, Illinois

and

AXA RE

Paris, France

(hereinafter referred to as the “Subscribing Reinsurer”)

It Is Hereby Agreed that the Subscribing Reinsurer shall have a 17.5% share in the interests and liabilities of the “Reinsurer” as set forth in the attached Contract entitled:

Private Passenger Automobile Quota Share

Reinsurance Contract

Effective: January 1, 2004

It Is Further Agreed that this Agreement shall become effective at 12:01 a.m., Central Standard Time, January 1, 2004, and shall continue in force until terminated in accordance with the provisions of the attached Contract.

It Is Also Agreed that the Subscribing Reinsurer’s share in the attached Contract shall be separate and apart from the shares of the other reinsurers, and shall not be joint with the shares of the other reinsurers, it being understood that the Subscribing Reinsurer shall in no event participate in the interests and liabilities of the other reinsurers.

It Is Also Agreed that, as respects the Subscribing Reinsurer’s share in the attached Contract, the following paragraph shall be added to and made part of Article XXIII - Unauthorized Reinsurers:

“C.

As respects this Article only, incurred but not reported loss reserves (hereinafter referred to as ‘IBNR’) shall be calculated as follows:

As respects the first calculation of IBNR for the underwriting year, an amount equal to 8.6% of the Liability premiums earned for the underwriting year and 3.0% of the Physical Damage premiums earned for the underwriting year shall be considered IBNR;

As respects the first recalculation of IBNR for the underwriting year, an amount equal to 2.9% of the Liability premiums earned for the underwriting year and 0.5% of the Physical Damage premiums earned for the underwriting year shall be considered IBNR;


		Page 1 of 2

As respects the second recalculation of IBNR for the underwriting year, an amount equal to 1.6% of the Liability premiums earned for the underwriting year and 0% of the Physical Damage premiums earned for the underwriting year shall be considered IBNR.

There shall be no subsequent recalculations of IBNR for the underwriting year.”

In Witness Whereof, the parties hereto by their respective duly authorized representatives have executed this Agreement as of the dates undermentioned at:

Bedford Park, Illinois, this day of in the year .

Affirmative Insurance Company

Insura Property and Casualty Insurance Company

Paris, France, this day of in the year .

AXA RE


		Page 2 of 2

Interests and Liabilities Agreement

entered into by and between

Affirmative Insurance Company

and

Insura Property and Casualty Insurance Company

both of Bedford Park, Illinois

and

Hannover Ruckversicherungs-Aktiengesellschaft

Hannover, Germany

(hereinafter referred to as the “Subscribing Reinsurer”)

It Is Hereby Agreed that the Subscribing Reinsurer shall have a 30.0% share in the interests and liabilities of the “Reinsurer” as set forth in the attached Contract entitled:

Private Passenger Automobile Quota Share

Reinsurance Contract

Effective: January 1, 2004

It Is Also Agreed that in any action, suit or proceeding to enforce the Subscribing Reinsurer’s obligations under the attached Contract, service of process may be made upon Mendes & Mount, 750 Seventh Avenue, New York, New York 10019.

In Witness Whereof, the parties hereto by their respective duly authorized representatives have executed this Agreement as of the dates undermentioned at:

Bedford Park, Illinois, this day of in the year .

Affirmative Insurance Company

Insura Property and Casualty Insurance Company

Hannover, Germany, this day of in the year .

Hannover Ruckversicherungs-Aktiengesellschaft

Interests and Liabilities Agreement

entered into by and between

Affirmative Insurance Company

and

Insura Property and Casualty Insurance Company

both of Bedford Park, Illinois

and

Swiss Reinsurance America Corporation

Armonk, New York

through

Swiss Re Underwriters Agency, Inc.

Calabasas, California

(hereinafter referred to as the “Subscribing Reinsurer”)

It Is Hereby Agreed that the Subscribing Reinsurer shall have a 12.5% share in the interests and liabilities of the “Reinsurer” as set forth in the attached Contract entitled:

Private Passenger Automobile Quota Share

Reinsurance Contract

Effective: January 1, 2004

In Witness Whereof, the parties hereto by their respective duly authorized representatives have executed this Agreement as of the dates undermentioned at:

Bedford Park, Illinois, this day of in the year .

Affirmative Insurance Company

Insura Property and Casualty Insurance Company

Calabasas, California, this day of in the year .

Swiss Re Underwriters Agency, Inc.

(for Swiss Reinsurance Agency Corporation)

Private Passenger Automobile Quota Share

Reinsurance Contract

Effective: January 1, 2004

issued to

Affirmative Insurance Company

and

Insura Property and Casualty Insurance Company

both of Bedford Park, Illinois


Reinsurers		Participations
AXA RE		17.5%
Hannover Ruckversicherungs-Aktiengesellschaft		30.0
Swiss Re Underwriters Agency, Inc. (for Swiss Reinsurance America Corporation)		12.5
Total		60.0% part of 100% share in the interest and liabilities of the “Reinsurer”